Windows server 2008 квота на папку — Ваш верный помощник с OS Windows

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Задача: настроить квоту ограничивающую размер файлового ресурса.

Файловый сервер на базе Windows Server 2008 R2.

Для выполнения поставленной задачи необходимо будет до установить в систему роль:

File Server Resource Manager.

Заходим «Start» – «Control Panel» – «Administrative Tools» – «Server Manager» – «Roles» – выбираем пункт «File Server», а далее «File Server Resource Manager».

Нажимаем «Next», дальше предстоит определиться за какими дисками производить мониторинг, в моем случае это будет диск Data (D:). В меню «Options» выбираем какие отчеты создавать:

Quota Usage Report

Files by Owner Report

Files by File Group Report

Выбираем диск за которым будет производить мониторинг.

Снова нажимаем «Next», далее снова «Next» (отправку отчетов сделаем позже), далее «Next», «Install» – настройка завершена.

Далее запускаем саму оснастку для дальнейшей настроки:

«Start» – «Control Panel» – «Administrative Tools» – запускаем «File Server Resource Manager».

Первым делом создадим шаблоны квоты:

Перейдем в меню: «File Server Resource Manager» – «Quota Management» – «Quota Templates» – «Create Quota Templates».

Здесь все достаточно просто:

Указываем название шаблона – dc1_file_resource_1Gb, я настраиваю шару на контроллере домена, хотя это в принципе не правильно. Вы же можете использовать любой другой сетевой ресурс.

Указываем комментарий к шаблоны – так будет в дальнейшем более понятно.

Указываем размер квоты – 1Gb

Указываем тип квоты – Для себя я делаю жесткую квоту, чтобы при достижении заполненности в 1Gb запись не производилась, Вы же можете выбрать более щадящий режим.

Указываем, как уведомлять по событиям – запись уведомлений в системный лог.

И так шаблон создали. Теперь привязываем к указанному расшаренному ресурсу наш шаблон:

Переходим «File Server Resource Manager» – «Quota Management» – и создаем квоту:

указываем путь до расшаренной папки, шаблон квоты:

Указываем настройки квоты с привязкой к созданному шаблону.

После заполнения всех параметров, создаем нажав пункт «Create» и перед нами настроенная квота на расшаренный ресурс:

Окончательный вид сделанной квоты и ограничения размера заполнения расшаренного ресурса.

Вот собственно и все. Опираясь на эту заметку, Вы можете всегда вспомнить, как делаются квоты в Windows Server 2008 R2.

Источник

Дисковые квоты были изначально представлены в Windows 2000, и с каждой последующей версией Windows их функционал развивался и улучшался. Новые функции, естественно, были добавлены и в новую серверную операционную систему от Microsoft. В предыдущих статьях вы можете познакомится с тем, где хранятся настройки квот в Window 2003 R2, и как управлять настройками квот в Windows Server с помощью групповой политики. В этой статье я расскажу вам, как создавать и управлять дисковыми квотами в ОС Windows Server 2008.

Установка File Server Resource Manager (FSRM)

Прежде чем вы сможете управлять дисковыми квотами на сервере, вам придется установить роль файлового сервера и роль сервера File Server Resource Manager. Для установки роли File Server, откройте Server Manager, щелкните правой кнопкой мыши на контейнере Roles, а затем выберите Add Roles из контекстного меню. Далее пройдите пошагово мастер установки.

После того как роль файл сервера установлена, вам придется установить FSRM. Для этого откройте Server Manager, а затем выберите контейнер Features. Далее, выберите пункт Add Features. Windows покажет вам ряд чекбоксов, соответствующих различным функциям сервера. Если вы сразу не найдете роль FSRM, знайте, он находится по пути: Remote Server Administration Tools -> Role Administration Tools -> File Services Tools -> File Server Resource Manager Tools. Поставьте флажок на File Server Resource Manager Tools, а затем нажмите кнопку Install.

Шаблоны квот (Quota Templates)

Теперь, когда FSRM установлен, перейдем к описанию работы шаблонов квот. Шаблоны квот призваны облегчить процесс создания квот. Основная идея этих шаблонов заключается в том, что они позволяют создавать модели для настроек квот. Единожды создав и настроив шаблон, вы можете использовать его, применяя на различней папки на сервере. Windows Server 2008 поставляется с десятком предопределенных шаблонов, но вы всегда имеете возможность создавать свои собственные.

Чтобы получить доступ к шаблонам квот, откройте File Server Resource Manager и перейдите в консоли к пункту: File Server Resource Manager-> Quota Management -> Quota Templates. После этого, на панели справа вы увидите все существующие шаблоны.

Структура шаблона квот

Чтобы просмотреть шаблон, щелкните правой кнопкой мыши по выбранному шаблону и выберите из контекстного меню команду Edit Template Properties.

Как правило, вы будете использовать описательные названия, подобные тем, которыми воспользовалась Microsoft для встроенных шаблонов. Ниже находится поле, в которое можно вписать описание шаблона. Здесь можно держать расширенное описание шаблона, которое дополняет или разъясняет имя шаблона.

В следующем разделе диалогового окна описываются ограничение, накладываемое квотой. При определении ограничения дискового пространства, необходимо указать будет ли шаблон содержать жесткие или мягкие квоты. Жесткая квота – это квота, которую пользователи не имеют права превысить. Мягкая квота, как правило, используется для целей мониторинга и фактически не соблюдается.

Если вы только планируете внедрять квоты в своей организации, то я бы рекомендовал начать с мягких квот. Это дает вам возможность протестировать работу квот, не причиняя неудобств пользователям. После того как вы уверены, что квоты работают так, как вам необходимо, вы можете осуществить переключение на режим жестких квот.

Последний раздел в этом диалоговом окне позволяет вам контролировать, что происходит при достижении различных пороговых уровней. В данном случае, по электронной почте будет отправлено предупреждение, когда пользователь использует 80% выделенного ему дискового пространства. Когда такое событие случится, будет отправлено не только сообщение по электронной почте, но и создастся соответствующая запись в журнале событий. Поскольку диалоговое окно, показанное на рисунке содержит мягкую квоту, мы также увидим предупреждения, когда пользователь превышает 120% от выделенного ему дискового пространства. В этом случае система снова отправит письмо и создаст запись в журнале событий. Если вы внимательно посмотрите на окно настроек дисковых квот, вы заметите, также есть возможность выполнения созданных администратором команд (сценариев) и получения отчета.

Продолжение статьи о настройке дисковых квот в Windows Server

Источник

Disk quotas have been available in Windows since Windows 2000 was released, and could be used by administrators to limit the amount of space users could use on an NTFS volume. Disk quotas are based on file ownership rather than folder structure and because of this they are not particularly useful in all situations. For example, if your server had a single storage volume and you need to apply quotas to different folders on the volume then disk quotas will not help.

File system quotas, which were first introduced in Windows Server 2003 R2, and are a part of the File Server role in Windows Server 2008 (and Windows Server 2008 R2), offer many benefits over disk quotas. With file system quotas we can set quotas for specific folders on the volume, we can use templates to ensure consistent application of quotas, and we can set quotas which are automatically applied to all sub-folders of a folder.

Additionally, file system quotas are useful not just for limiting the amount of space users can consume, but also for reporting on space used – quotas can be set with so-called “soft” limits which are used for monitoring rather than enforcing limits. This functionality can be extremely useful for quickly determining which users or folders are consuming large amounts of disk space on a file server.

Quota thresholds can be configured so that users or administrators receive notifications when quotas have been reached or are about to be reached. Multiple thresholds can be configured for individual quotas, and actions can include sending e-mail messages, logging to the Windows event log, running commands or scripts, or generating storage reports.

In Windows Server 2008 file system quotas are managed with the File Server Resource Manager (FSRM) console (which is installed as a role service in the File Services role), the command line utility dirquota, or with Windows PowerShell using a COM API.

Figure 1: Windows Server 2008 File Server Resource Manager

There are two kinds of quota available – hard quotas which set a limit and enforce it, and soft quotas which set a limit but only report on it. Soft quotas are useful for monitoring disk space use. Quotas are commonly applied using quota templates, which are a mechanism for easily applying the same quota settings to one or more folders. Quota Templates are the recommended way to configure quotas and FSRM includes some example templates which cover a range of scenarios, including using both hard and soft quota types.

Before we start to configure quotas which will generate e-mail messages, the quota File Server Resource Manager needs to be configured with an SMTP server, and optionally, the default administrator recipients, and the default “from” address.

Like all aspects of quota management, the FSRM settings can be applied using three different tools and you can choose the method appropriate to your needs.

To configure FSRM using the FSRM console:

Launch the File Server Resource Manager
Select the root node, labelled “File Server Resource Manager”
In the Action Pane click “Configure Options…”
Enter an SMTP server and if desired configure the other settings

Картинка с сайта: www.red-gate.com
Click the “OK” button

To configure FSRM using the command line:

Open an elevated command prompt window
Enter the command “dirquota admin options /From:quota-admin@example.com /AdminEmails:quota-admin@example.com /SMTP:smtp.example.com”

To configure FSRM using Windows PowerShell:

Open Windows PowerShell
Enter these commands (or save them as a script and run it):

# Create a new COM object to access the FSRM settings

$fsrm = New—Object —com Fsrm.FsrmSetting

# Set the default administrators e—mail address

$fsrm.AdminEmail = «quota—admin@example.com«

# Set the from address

$fsrm.MailFrom = «quota—admin@example.com«

# Set the SMTP server

$fsrm.SmtpServer = «smtp.example.com«

Quota Example – Home directories with a 5GB limit

A common use of file system quotas is to put limits on the size of user’s personal storage space (folders which are often referred to as home directories) on a file server. The requirements of this scenario are to limit the space each user can use to 5GB, alert administrators when 90% of the quota has been reached, and automatically apply quotas to new home directories. The solution requires the implementation of new quota template and an auto apply quota.

Step 1: Create the new quota template

The first step is to create a new template, which we will use later to apply the quota to the file system. Using a template means we can easily make changes to all folders where we have applied the template quota settings. The template can be created using the FSRM, the dirquota command line tool, or PowerShell, meaning you can choose the tool with which you feel comfortable with and that fits most of your scenarios.

To create the new quota template using the FSRM:

Launch the File Server Resource Manager
Expand “Quota Management” -> “Quota Templates”
In the Action Pane click “Create Quota Template”
Enter the template name and set the space limit

Картинка с сайта: www.red-gate.com

Note: To set a soft quota (for monitoring only) check the “Soft Quota” radio button
Click the “Add” button to add a notification threshold
Set the notification percentage to 90, check the “Send e-mail to the following administrators”, and enter an appropriate destination e-mail address. You can also customise the message text.

Картинка с сайта: www.red-gate.com
Click the “OK” button twice

To create the new quota template using the dirquota command line utility:

Open an elevated command prompt (or Windows PowerShell) window
Create a text file called notification.txt containing the text of the notification message (an example of this text message can be downloaded from this article)
Enter this command:

dirquota Template Add /Template:«Default Home Directory (5GB Limit)« /Limit:5GB /Type:Hard /Add—Threshold:90 /Add—Notification:90,M,notification.txt

Note: To set a soft quota (for monitoring only) change “/Type:Hard” to “/Type:Hard”

To create the new quota using Windows PowerShell:

Open Windows PowerShell
Enter these commands (or save them as a script and run it):

# Create a new COM object to access quota templates

$fqtm = New—Object —com Fsrm.FsrmQuotaTemplateManager

# Create a new template object

$template = $fqtm.CreateTemplate()

# Set the template‘s name

$template.Name = «Default Home Directory (5GB Limit)«

# Set the quota limit

$template.QuotaLimit = 5GB

# Set the quota type to hard limit (the flag for a hard limit is 0x100)

$template.QuotaFlags = $template.QuotaFlags —bor 0x100

# Add a quota threshold

$template.AddThreshold(90)

# Add a threshold e—mail action

$action = $template.CreateThresholdAction(90, 2)

# Set the e—mail message recipient

$action.MailTo = «[Admin Email]«

# Set the e—mail message subject

$action.MailSubject = «[Quota Threshold]% quota threshold exceeded«

# Set the e—mail message text

$action.MessageText = «User [Source Io Owner] has exceeded the [Quota Threshold]% « + `

«quota threshold for the quota on [Quota Path] on server [Server]. The quota limit « + `

«is [Quota Limit MB] MB, and « + ` «[Quota Used MB] MB currently is in use ([Quota « + `

«Used Percent]% of limit).«

Note: To set a soft quota (for monitoring only) change “$template.QuotaFlags = $template.QuotaFlags -bor 0x100” to “$template.QuotaFlags = $template.QuotaFlags -bxor 0x100” to disable the hard limit flag.

Step 2: Create the Quota

The next step is to use the new quota template to apply the quota to the file system.

In this example we’ll say that the home directories are all subfolders of C:\Home. Because we want any new home folders to automatically have the quota applied we need to create an Auto apply Quota. Auto apply quotas are applied to all existing subfolders and any future folders.

To create the quota using the FSRM:

Launch the File Server Resource Manager
Expand “Quota Management” -> “Quotas”
In the Action Pane click “Create Quota”
Enter the quota path and choose the appropriate template

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Click the “Create” button

To create the quota using the dirquota command line tool:

Open an elevated command prompt window
Create a text file called notification.txt containing the text of the notification message (an example of this text message can be downloaded from this article)
Enter the command “dirquota autoquota add /Path:C:\Home /SourceTemplate:”Default Home Directory (5GB Limit)””

To create the quota using Windows PowerShell:

Open Windows PowerShell
Enter these commands (or save them as a script and run it):

# Create a new COM object to access quotas

$fqtm = New—Object —com Fsrm.FsrmQuotaManager

# Create the new quota

$quota = $fqtm.CreateAutoApplyQuota(«Default Home Directory (5GB Limit)«, «C:\Home«)

# Save the new quota

$quota.Commit()

Quota Exceptions / Folder-Specific Quotas

Naturally there will be occasions when a folder needs to be excluded from a template or auto apply quota. In these situations you can easily add a specific quota for that folder to either increase the limit or to disable the quota entirely.

To create the quota exception using the FSRM:

Launch the File Server Resource Manager
Expand “Quota Management” -> “Quotas”
Select the folder you wish to make the exception for
In the Action Pane click “Edit Quota Properties…”
Enter new limit for the quota

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Click “OK”

Note: Check the “Disable quota” box to disable the quota

To create the quota exception using the dirquota command line tool:

Open an elevated command prompt window
Enter the command …
“dirquota quota add /Path:C:\Home\John_Smith /SourceTemplate:”Default Home Directory (5GB Limit)” /Limit:10GB /Overwrite”

Note: To disable the quota append the command with “/status:disabled”.

To create the quota exception using Windows PowerShell:

Open Windows PowerShell
Enter these commands (or save them as a script and run it):

# Create a new COM object to access quotas

$fqtm = New—Object —com Fsrm.FsrmQuotaManager

# Get the existing quota

$quota = $fqtm.GetQuota(«C:\Home\John_Smith«)

# Set the new quota limit

$quota.QuotaLimit = 10GB

# Save the quota

$quota.Commit()

Note: To disable the quota, insert the line “$quota.QuotaFlags = $quota.QuotaFlags -bor 0x200” before saving the quota

How Quotas Affect Clients

When a client maps a network drive to a folder which has a hard quota applied the size of the volume and the amount of available disk space shown is equal to the quota settings.

Figure: Mapped drive showing hard quota limit as volume size

When a hard quota is met or exceeded clients will receive a message telling them that the volume is out of disk space.

Figure: Insufficient disk space message

Viewing Quotas

Administrators can view hard and soft quotas using FSRM, and viewing quotas this way can be a quick method for finding large folders or large consumers of space.

Figure: Quotas in File Server Resource Manager

File system quotas are quick and easy to set up, with three different and flexible methods available for configuring them. Properly applied they can be a good tool to help ensure efficient use of storage resources, a convenient countermeasure against storage waste, and a useful tool for reporting on storage utilisation. There is an IO performance penalty for using quotas, but the benefits will probably outweigh the small performance cost.

More information about File Server Resource Manager is available in Microsoft TechNet:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771092%28WS.10%29.aspx
More information about the dirquota command line tool is also available in TechNet:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754836%28WS.10%29.aspx
More information about the COM API for working with FSRM is available in MSDN:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb972746%28VS.85%29.aspx

Источник

I`ll demonstrate how to make file system quotas for your file shares. In Windows Server 2008 file system quotas are part of role called File Server Resource Manager. FSRM enables you to generate storage reports, configure quotas, and define file screening policies. In this article I`ll be covering creating quotas for folders/subfolders.

First we`ll install FSRM role

Install

After installation you can find FSRM under – Start |Administrative Tools | File Server Resource Manager

Before creating our first quota, we`ll create template from which we`ll create quotas then.

Under FSRM choose Quota Management |Quota Templates |right click – Create Quota Template

Enter your Template name, set a description for it and set Space Limit. In my case I`ll set 3GB and Hard quota. Hard quota won`t allow user to copy any more data than quota allows. If you set soft quota, you`ll be only warned when quota is exceeded and user will be able to copy data over their limit. When you`re finished |OK

Template successfully created

Using template that we just created I`ll create new quota

Quota Management |Quotas |right click – Create Quota

Under Quota path enter directory for which you want to define quotas. Choose option “Auto apply template and create quotas on existing and new subfolders” so that quotas are automatically applied to all subfolders.

Under Qouta properties we`ll choose template that we created – in my case MyQuota |Create

Under directory QuotaFolder I created two subfolders named Folder 1 and Folder 2

Let`s check if our quota rule works for these folders.

To both folders I copied files sized 2.18GB

Now I`ll try to copy additional 1.7GB into each of created folders.

Quota works.

For every new subfolder quotas are automatically applied.

Disclaimer

Источник

Quotas can be enabled and configured at the volume
level and applied to user and group objects. This is the same quota
management included with Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003,
Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2008, and Window Server 2008 R2.
Quotas enabled at the volume will be calculated based on all files saved
to the volume by a particular user who is not part of the server
administrators group. Volume quotas can only be enabled on NTFS volumes
and cannot be applied to any lower level, such as a subfolder. The key
to a successful implementation of quotas on a volume is setting the
correct file permissions for the entire volume and folders and to limit
the data transferred to a volume for an end user by a third party, such
as a desktop or server administrator.

The quota management features available in the File Server
Resource Manager are different from the features included with NTFS
volume quotas; Table 1 details the differences.

Table 1. Quota Differences Between FSRM and NTFS

Quota Capabilities	FSRM Quotas	NTFS Quotas
Quota tracking	By folder or by volume	Per user on a specific volume only
Calculation of storage usage	By actual disk space used	By the logical file size on the volume
Notification method	By email, custom reports, and event log entries	By event log only

Note

Prior
to the release of FSRM, organizations used to depend on NTFS volume
quotas or third-party products to provide their quota storage management
capabilities; however, FSRM has effectively replaced the use of NTFS
volume quotas. The coverage of NTFS volume quotas in this section is
merely to describe the process and use of NTFS volume quotas; however,
most organizations should consider using FSRM quotas and should avoid
using NTFS volume quotas or both types because they are not
complementary to each other.

To enable quotas for an NTFS volume, perform the following steps:

1.	Log on to the Windows Server 2008 R2 system with an account with administrator privileges.
2.	Click Start, click All Programs, click Administrative Tools, and select Server Manager.
3.	In the tree pane, double-click the Storage node, and select Disk Management.
4.	In the tasks pane, scroll down to locate the desired volume, right-click the volume, and select Properties.
5.	Select the Quota tab and check the Enable Quota Management check box.
6.	Enter the appropriate quota limit and warning thresholds and decide whether users will be denied write access when the limit is reached, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Enabling NTFS volume quotas.
7.	Click OK to complete the quota configuration for the NTFS volume.
8.	A window opens, prompting you to confirm the enabling of quotas; click OK to enable the quota and scan the volume to update quota statistics.
9.	After you configure quotas, open the properties of the volume, select the Quota tab, and click the Quota Entries button to review the existing quotas based on data already stored on the volume.