Windows route add ipv6

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Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the latest version of the Internet Protocol (IP) intended to replace IPv4, which still carries more than 96% of the world’s Internet traffic as of May 2014. This article discusses how you can adapt and configure IPv6 in your Windows machines.

The 128 bits of an IPv6 address are represented in 8 groups of 16 bits each. Each group is written as 4 hexadecimal digits and the groups are separated by colons (:).

Example
2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329

An IPv6 address may be abbreviated to shorter notations by using the following rules where possible:

• One or more leading zeroes from any group of hexadecimal digits are removed.
• Consecutive sections of zeroes are replaced with a double colon (::), which can only be used once in an address, as multiple uses would render the address indeterminate. RFC 5952 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952) recommends that a double colon must not be used to denote an omitted single section of zeroes.

See below for applications of these rules:

Initial address                                              2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329

After removing all leading zeroes                   2001:db8:0:0:0:ff00:42:8329

After omitting consecutive sections of zeroes    2001:db8::ff00:42:8329

The loopback address “0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001” may be abbreviated to “::1” by using both rules.

As an IPv6 address may have more than one representation, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has issued a proposed standard for representing them as text.

 

IPv6 Address Scopes

 The following points cover the scopes of an IPv6 address.

Global Unicast address.  IPv6’s Global Unicast address is equivalent to an IPv4 Public address. Its scope is the entire IPv6 Internet, so it is globally routable and reachable on the IPv6 Internet. To enable greater efficiency in the routing architecture, Unicast addresses are designed to be aggregated.

• Global Routing Prefix (part of the Public Routing Topology—along with 001 prefix)
• Subnet ID (Site Topology)
• Interface ID

Link-local address. An IPv6 Unicast Link-local address is similar to the IPv4 APIPA address used by machines running Microsoft® Windows®. It enables hosts on the same subnet to communicate with each other. It is always automatically configured even without all other unicast addresses.

• FE80::/64 prefix
• Single subnet, router-less configuration
• Used for some Neighbor-discovery process
• Compared to routable addresses, link-local addresses are ambiguous so Zone IDs are used to identify specific interfaces

Example
fe80::2b0:d0ff:fee9:4143%3

• Windows Vista and above display the IPv6 Zone ID of local addresses in the ipconfig output

 Unique Local/Site-local address (ULA). Site-local addresses provide a private addressing alternative to global addresses for intranet traffic. It can be reused to address multiple sites within an organization as a site local address prefix can be duplicated.

• RFC 4193 define this unique local address
• Equivalent to IPv4 Private address
• FD00::/8 prefix
• Replacement for site-local addresses
• Global scope; no Zone ID required

IMPORTANT: The IPv6 addressing architecture requires all subnets using Globally Unique addresses and ULAs to always have 64-bit prefix lengths. Any subnet prefix length other than 64-bit breaks many features of IPv6.

 

 Prerequisites

 Decide whether you will use public IPv6 addresses that are globally aggregatable or if you will use a private address space. In using public IPv6 addresses, you would need to get an IPv6 address prefix from your ISP. If your ISP does not support IPv6 yet, you can get an address prefix from a tunnel broker.

If you want to use private IPv6 addresses, use locally unique addresses. Do note however that most operating systems and applications still support site-local addresses, which are officially deprecated. This means that you need to get a unique prefix. There are already a growing number of sites that generate locally unique address prefixes like SixXS or Unique Local IPv6 Generator. You can use private addresses in the interim to immediately provide IPv6 connectivity in your intranet then move on to public IPv6 addresses later.

Do not forget to check if your Microsoft product supports IPv6. Go here to read Microsoft’s official list.

 

 Auto-configuration in Windows

 IPv6 can configure itself even without the use of DHCP. It is installed and enabled by default in the following Microsoft products:

• Windows Server 2012
• Windows Server 2008 R2
• Windows Server 2008
• Windows 8
• Windows 7
• Windows Vista

IPv6 for Windows is also designed to auto-configure itself. It automatically sets up link-local addresses for communication between nodes on a link. Moreover, if there is an Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP) router or an IPv6 router on the host’s subnet, the host uses received router advertisements to automatically configure additional addresses, a default router, and other setup parameters.

 Note that IPv6 is not installed in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 systems.

 

Configuration in IPv6-ready Network Systems

 For Windows 8 and Server 2012, if you already have an unconfigured but IPv6-ready network infrastructure, you can still use IPv6 and configure IPv6 addresses in these situations:

• For home users with public IP addresses, Windows will try to establish a connection using the IPv6 transition technology Teredo. Teredo will work only if the Windows machine is not joined to a domain and has UDP access to the Internet, with no firewall-blocking packets.
• If Teredo fails for home users with public IP addresses, Windows will use another IPv6 transition technology named 6to4, which requires only a publicly routable IP address.
• Windows can resolve the name of your network using ISATAP through DNS or name broadcasts. In this situation, Windows will assume that the host is an ISATAP server capable of accepting IPv6 packets encapsulated in IPv4 packets. It will then deliver these packets to IPv6 hosts, encapsulate the replies, and send those replies back. ISATAP works in domain-joined, non-domain-joined, and non-routable IP address environments.

 

Manual Configuration

 You can manually configure IPv6 addresses and other parameters in Windows by using the following tools:

• Properties of TCP/IPv6 component

You can configure basic IPv6 settings through the properties of the TCP/IPv6 component.

The following instructions are to statically address Windows 2008 and Windows 2008 R2 servers:

1. 1. Log on to the server with administrator rights.
   2. Go to Start > Network > Network and Sharing Center > Change Adapter Setting.
   3. Right-click on the Local Area Connection of the network adapter and choose “I want to set IPv6.” Click on Properties.
   4. Pick TCP/IPv6 and click on Properties.
   5. Click “Use the following IPv6 address” and in the IPv6 address field, type the IP address you want to use.

Example

fda8:06c3:ce53:a890:0000:0000:0000:0001

6. Press the Tab key and the subnet prefix length will automatically populate with 64.
7. Press the Tab key again and in the Default Gateway field, type the IP address you want to use for your gateway.

               Example

fda8:06c3:ce53:a890:0000:0000:0000:0005

8. In the Preferred DNS Server field, type the IP address of your DNS server

Example

if your IP address sits on your DNS server: fda8:06c3:ce53:a890:0000:0000:0000:0001

9. Click OK. Close to save and exit.

• Windows PowerShell

In Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8, you can configure IPv6 addresses, default gateways, and DNS servers at the Windows PowerShell command prompt. You can use the following PowerShell cmdlets:

• • Set-NetIPAddress
  • Set-NetIPInterface
  • Set-NetIPv6Protocol
  • Set-NetNeighbor
  • Set-NetRouteWindows

Configuring Addresses

To configure IPv6 addresses, you can use the New-NetIPAddress cmdlet.
       Example

To configure the IPv6 Unicast address 2001:db8:290c:1291::1 on the interface named “Wired Ethernet Connection,” use the following command:

New-NetIPAddress –InterfaceAlias «Wired Ethernet Connection» –IPAddress 2001:db8:290c:1291::1

 

Adding Default Gateways

To configure a default gateway, you can use the New-NetRoute Windows PowerShell cmdlet.

Example

To add a default route that uses the interface named “Wired Ethernet Connection” with a next-hop address of fe80::2aa:ff:fe9a:21b8, use the following command:

New-NetRoute –DestinationPrefix ::/0 –InterfaceAlias «Wired Ethernet Connection» –NextHop fe80::2aa:ff:fe9a:21b8

 

Adding DNS Servers

To configure the IPv6 addresses of DNS servers, you can use the Set-DnsClientServerAddress Windows PowerShell cmdlet.

Example
To add a DNS server with the IPv6 address 2001:db8:99:4acd::8 that uses the interface named “Wired Ethernet Connection,” use the following command:

Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias «Wired Ethernet Connection» -ServerAddresses 2001:db8:99:4acd::8

 Use these Windows PowerShell commands to display information about the IPv6 configuration of a computer:

• • Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv6
  • Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv6
  • Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv6
  • Get-NetNeighbor -AddressFamily IPv6

• Netsh.exe tool

You can configure IPv6 settings from the interface of IPv6 context of the Netsh.exe tool. You can also configure IPv6 addresses, default gateways, and DNS servers at the command line by using commands in the «netsh interface ipv6» context.

Configuring IPv6 addresses
Use the «netsh interface ipv6 add address» command with the following syntax:

netsh interface ipv6 add address [interface=]InterfaceNameorIndex[address=]IPv6Address[/PrefixLength] [[type=]unicast|anycast] [[validlifetime=]Time|infinite] [[preferredlifetime=]Time|infinite] [[store=]active|persistent]

Example
To configure with infinite valid and preferred lifetimes the IPv6 unicast address 2001:db8:290c:1291::1 on the interface named “Local Area Connection” and make the address persistent, use the following command:

netsh interface ipv6 add address «Local Area Connection» 2001:db8:290c:1291::1

 

Adding Default Gateways

Use the «netsh interface ipv6 add route» command and add a default route (::/0) with the following syntax:

netsh interface ipv6 add route [prefix=]::/0 [interface=]InterfaceNameorIndex [[nexthop=]IPv6Address] [[siteprefixlength=]Length] [[metric=]MetricValue] [[publish=]no|yes|immortal] [[validlifetime=]Time|infinite] [[preferredlifetime=]Time|infinite] [[store=]active|persistent]

Example

To add a default route that uses the interface named “Local Area Connection” with a next-hop address of fe80::2aa:ff:fe9a:21b8, use the following command:

netsh interface ipv6 add route ::/0 «Local Area Connection» fe80::2aa:ff:fe9a:21b8

 

Adding DNS Servers

To configure the IPv6 addresses of DNS servers, use the «netsh interface ipv6 add dnsserver» command with the following syntax:

netsh interface ipv6 add dnsserver [name=]InterfaceName[[address=]IPv6Address] [[index=]PreferenceValue]

By default, the DNS server is added to the end of the list of DNS servers. If an index is specified, the DNS server is placed in that position in the list and the other DNS servers are moved down the list.

Example
To add a DNS server with the IPv6 address 2001:db8:99:4acd::8 that uses the interface named “Local Area Connection,” use the following command:

netsh interface ipv6 add dnsserver «Local Area Connection» 2001:db8:99:4acd::8

You can obtain IPv6 configuration information with the following commands in the «netsh interface ipv6» context of the Netsh tool:

• • netsh interface ipv6 show address
  • netsh interface ipv6 show interface
  • netsh interface ipv6 show route
  • netsh interface ipv6 show neighbors

Note that you can also view IPv6 addresses and routes using the Ipconfig.exe and Route.exe tools (i.e. ipconfig and route print -6 commands).

 

Disabling IPv6

Though you cannot remove IPv6 support from Windows Vista to Server 2012 R2, you can disable it. You can also just unbind IPv6 from the physical adapters. This will mean however, that IPv6 will still be running and can still be used to connect to IPv6 sites over IPv4. Read the Microsoft Support article «How to disable IP version 6 or its specific components in Windows» for more details.

 

Connectivity Testing and Troubleshooting

Windows includes the following IPv6-enabled command-line tools that you can use for network troubleshooting:

• Ipconfig
• Route
• Ping
• Tracert
• Pathping
• Netstat

To ping an IPv6 address, use the syntax: ping IPv6Address [%ZoneID]. Note that the zone ID is not needed when the destination is a global address.

Example

To send ICMPv6 Echo Request messages to the link-local address fe80::260:97ff:fe02:6ea5 using zone ID 4 (the interface index of an installed Ethernet adapter), use the following command:

ping fe80::260:97ff:fe02:6ea5%4

This ping command includes the -6 flag, which forces Ping to use IPv6. If all is well, you should see a reply, which should be quite fast especially if you have a native IPv6 connection to the Internet. If your echo request does not get a reply, there might be a firewall or networking device blocking ICMPv6 between your Windows system and the target.

Once you know you have connectivity to the Internet using IPv6, be sure to test some IPv6-only websites to verify that everything is working properly.

Example

A DNS lookup for the host ipv6.google.com

> ipv6.google.com

Server:  [YOUR-DNS_SERVER-IP]

Address:  <YOUR-DNS_SERVER-IP>

 

Non-authoritative answer:

Name:    ipv6.l.google.com

Address:  2607:f8b0:4002:c06::71

Aliases:  ipv6.google.com

The problems of IPv4 are known as shortages of addresses, the limitation of the
Internet growth hinders the use of new users, in addition to the fact that
Today routing is inefficient and another big problem among many more than users
use NAT.

In this regard we will explain how to apply basic IPv6 configurations (which is the successor of IPv4) in the operating systems of both Linux and Windows respectively, we are going to use a virtual machine with Linux and Windows we do not recommend making the changes directly until we try them before in a virtual machine so we do not harm anything before.

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/aliases

-In the file after the line «alias net-pf-11 rose» the following text is inserted:

# Desabilitado de IPv6
alias net-pf-10 ipv6 off
alias net-pf-10 off
alias ipv6 off
# Fin del deshabilitado de IPv6

iface eth0 inet6 static
address 3ffe:1234:0005:0006::78
netmask 64

— After saving the file, the following command is executed, which executes the file after configuring IPv4:

update-rc.d network-ipv6 start 40 S

-To allow the machine to configure itself, the corresponding parameters of the kernel must be set appropriately in the following order:

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/autoconf
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/accept_ra
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/accept_redirects
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/router_solicitations

-An IPv6 address can be added with the ifconfig command specifying the interface example eth0:

ifconfig eth0 add 3ffe:1234:0005:0006::78/64

To remove:

/sbin/ifconfig eth0 inet6 del 3ffe:ffff:0:10:2a01::2/64  

/sbin/ip -6 route show dev eth0

-It can also add IPv6 routes through a Gateway: it can be done by using ip or rute, in the examples you can use the interface eth0 you can use any interface, to add the following command using the ip command:

/sbin/ip -6 route add 2000::/3 via 3ffe:ffff:0:f101::1 dev eth0

or using route:

/sbin/route -A inet6 add 2000::/3 gw 3ffe:ffff:0:f101::1 dev eth0

-To delete an IPv6 route through a Gateway also by ip or route:

/sbin/ip -6 route del <ipv6network>/<prefixlength> via <ipv6address>
[dev <device>] 
#> /sbin/route -A inet6 del <ipv6network>/<prefixlength> gw <ipv6address>
[dev <device>]

-Add an IPv6 route through an interface: It can be done by using ip or route:

/sbin/ip -6 route add 2000::/3 dev eth0 metric 1
/sbin/route -A inet6 add 2000::/3 dev eth0

-Eliminate an IPv6 route through an interface: It can be done through the use of ip or route:

/sbin/ip -6 route del 2000::/3 dev eth0 metric 1
/sbin/route -A inet6 del 2000::/3 dev eth0

You can verify the last exposed with the following image:

Add an IPv6 Route Click Start , point to All Programs, point to Accessories, and then click Command Prompt. At the command prompt, type netsh , and then press ENTER. Type interface ipv6 , and then press ENTER.

Creating an IPv6 route using System i Navigator In System i Navigator, expand Network > TCP/IP Configuration > IPv6. Right-click Routes, and select New Route. Follow the steps in the New IPv6 Route wizard to create an IPv6 route.

How do I set a static IPv6 route?

To configure a basic IPv6 static route, perform these steps. Enter global configuration mode. device# configure terminal. Designate the route destination as an IPv6 address in hexadecimal with 16-bit values between colons, as specified in RFC 2373, and include the address prefix length preceded by a slash.

How do I set the default route for IPv6 traffic?

Steps Go to Network > Virtual Router. Add a Virtual Router and go to Static Routes > IPv6. Add a Static Route: Set destination (example, IPV4 0.0.0.0/0) as ::/0. Select the Interface. Set the Next Hop IP address. Commit the changes.

How do I manually configure IPv6?

Select the network service you want to use with IPv6, such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi. Click Advanced, then click TCP/IP. Click the Configure IPv6 pop-up menu, choose Manually, then enter the IPv6 address, router address, and prefix length you received from your network administrator or ISP.

Does IPv6 show route?

Displaying the IPv6 route table To display the IPv6 route table, use the show ipv6 route command. To display a summary of the IPv6 route table, enter the show ipv6 route summary command. The command-line interface (CLI) output of the show ipv6 route summary command displays the following information.

What command must be configured to enable the router to forward IPv6 packets?

enable IPv6 routing on a Cisco router using the ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command. This command globally enables IPv6 and must be the first command executed on the router.

How do I route IPv4 to IPv6?

You can transition hosts in the following ways: Upgrade one host at a time. Use IPv4–compatible addresses and automatic tunneling. Upgrade one subnet at a time. Use configured tunnels between the routers. Upgrade all the routers to dual before any host is upgraded.

What two commands will change the next hop address?

The two required commands are A(config)# no ip route 10.0. 0.0 255.0. 0.0 172.16. 40.2 and A(config)# ip route 10.0.

What is a characteristic of a floating static route?

It is used to provide load balancing between static routes. It is configured with a higher administrative distance than the original dynamic routing protocol has. It is simply a static route with 0.0.

What is the default IPv6 address?

The default IPv6 address for the gateway is fec0::1 (or FEC0:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001). You can change this 128-bit IPv6 address based on your network requirements. Enter the IPv6 prefix length. The IPv6 network (subnet) is identified by the initial bits of the address called the prefix.

How do I check my IPv6 route?

First you should check, whether and which IPv6 addresses are already configured (perhaps auto-magically during auto-configuration). 1.1. Using “ip” Usage: # /sbin/ip -6 route show [dev <device>] 1.2. Using “route” Usage: # /sbin/route -A inet6.

Does IPv6 need gateway?

As more companies move away from IPv4 capabilities and toward using IPv6, it is critical to have a flexible, secure, adaptable gateway. The gateway address will be designated noting how traffic can be routed and managed. The IPv6 gateway works like the IPv4 gateway, but is faster and far more secure.

Should you enable IPv6 on router?

IPv6 is extremely important for the long-term health of the Internet. Switching from IPv4 to IPv6 will give the Internet a much larger pool of IP addresses. It should also allow every device to have its own public IP address, rather than be hidden behind a NAT router.

Is IPv6 faster than IPv4?

IPv4 occasionally won the test. In theory, IPv6 should be a little faster since cycles don’t have to be wasted on NAT translations. But IPv6 also has larger packets, which may make it slower for some use cases. So with time and tuning, IPv6 networks will get faster.

How do I know if Windows is IPv4 or IPv6?

Open the Command Prompt, type the command ipconfig and press Enter. This command lists all the network adapters (both Ethernet and wireless) found on your Windows computer, and it shows details about each of them. For each network adapter, you get to see both the IPv4 address and the IPv6 Address.

Do IPv6 interface briefs show?

IPv6 Unicast Addresses Additionally, the show ipv6 interface brief command displays abbreviated output for each of the interfaces. As shown in Figure 2, the show ipv6 route command can be used to verify that IPv6 networks and specific IPv6 interface addresses have been installed in the IPv6 routing table.

How do I know if IPv4 or IPv6 Linux?

To check whether a CS Linux server is running IPv4 or IPv6, use the command ifconfig -a and look at the IP address or addresses in the output. These will be IPv4 dotted-decimal addresses, IPv6 hexadecimal addresses, or both.

What is Google IPv6 address?

In the DNS servers field, enter the Google Public DNS IP addresses, separated by a comma: For IPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4. For IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.

What are the different types of IPv6 addresses?

The three types of IPv6 addresses are: unicast, anycast, and multicast. Unicast addresses identify a single interface. Anycast addresses identify a set of interfaces in such a way that a packet sent to an anycast address is delivered to a member of the set.

How do I use an IPv6 address?

In IPv6 we do the same. The first step is to split the address into two parts. The upper 64 bits are used for routing. The lower 64 bits identify the address of the interface or node, and is derived from the actual physical or MAC address using IEEE’s Extended Unique Identifier (EUI-64) format.

Enable Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6)

Before start using IPv6 protocol or IPv6 IP address, you will need to ensure Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) is enable.

   1. Press Win + R to open the Run command dialog box.

   2. Type ncpa.cpl and press Enter to open the Network Connections tool.

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   3. Select the VPN connection you have created earlier and right-mouse on it to select Properties

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  4. On Networking tab, ensure to tick Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

    5. Ensure to use default gateway on remote network is enable.

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Add default route for IPv6

Windows does not add IPv6 route by default.

There are two workarounds:

1. — from command line
2. — from PowerShell

However, in this tutorial will show adding IPv6 default route from command line only.

Launch cmd with elevated permission — Run as administrator.

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Finding interface name

Ensure to connect the VPN first or else the interface will not appear in your search (from command line).

Do take note the VPN interface name.

You can find interface name in several ways:

a- From Network Connections:

The name on top of each of the interfaces is the interface name.

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b- From command line:

Open command prompt (cmd) and enter following command:

netsh interface ipv6 show interfaces

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Look for your current connected VPN interface name. In this example, will be IKEv2 — MYP.

Add default route for IPv6

Enter following command including the double quotes mark:

netsh interface ipv6 add route ::/0 "interface_name"

Replace interface_name with your own interface name

Example using screenshot shown above:

netsh interface ipv6 add route ::/0 "IKEv2 - MYP"

If you are connected to the VPN, you will be getting Ok message.

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 NOTES:

This command is one-time for lifetime only. No need to enter this command again if you have several VPN interface with IPv6 enabled. Unless, you’ve deleted the IPv6 default route.

By now, you should be able to ping any IPv6 hostname or domain.

ping -6 google.com

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Check and verify your IP address by visit https://www.whatismyip.com/.

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Additional commands

Show IPv6 addresses

netsh interface ipv6 show address

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Show routes

netsh interface ipv6 show route

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Delete route

netsh interface ipv6 delete route (ipv6prefix::/64) (Interface Index or Name)

example:

netsh interface ipv6 delete route ::/0 "MYP"

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Delete ip/use Interface name

netsh interface ipv6 delete address (Interface index or name) (ipv6address)

example:

netsh interface ipv6 delete address Ethernet0 200x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x

==========================================================================================

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