Windows 7 это какой windows server

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Windows Server 2008 R2

Version of the Windows NT operating system

Screenshot of Windows Server 2008 R2 showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on
Developer Microsoft
OS family Windows Server
Source model
  • Closed-source
  • Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)
Released to
manufacturing		 July 22, 2009; 15 years ago
General
availability		 October 22, 2009; 15 years ago[1]
Latest release Service Pack 1 with May 2025 monthly update rollup (6.1.7601.27729) / May 13, 2025; 0 days ago[2]
Marketing target Business
Update method Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, SCCM
Platforms x86-64 (and originally Itanium)
Kernel type Hybrid (Windows NT kernel)
Default
user interface		 Windows shell (Graphical)
License Commercial software (Retail, volume licensing, Microsoft Software Assurance)
Preceded by Windows Server 2008 (2008)
Succeeded by Windows Server 2012 (2012)
Official website docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd349801(v=ws.10)
Support status
Mainstream support ended on January 13, 2015[3]
Extended support ended January 14, 2020[3]

Paid updates; only for Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter volume licensed editions:[4][5]

ESU (Extended Security Updates) support ended on January 10, 2023, for non-Azure &
January 9, 2024, for Azure.[6][3]

Grandfathered[7] Premium Assurance security update support until January 13, 2026.[8][9]

See § Paid extended updates for details.

Windows Server 2008 R2, codenamed «Windows Server 7» or «Windows Server 2008 Release 2», is the eighth major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009,[10] and became generally available on October 22, 2009, the same respective release dates of Windows 7.[11] It is the successor to the Windows Vista-based Windows Server 2008, released the previous year, and was succeeded by the Windows 8-based Windows Server 2012.

Enhancements in Windows Server 2008 R2 include new functionality for Active Directory, new virtualization and management features, version 7.5 of the Internet Information Services web server and support for up to 256[12] logical processors. It is built on the same kernel used with the client-oriented Windows 7, and is the first server operating system released by Microsoft which dropped support for 32-bit processors, an addition which carried over to the consumer-oriented Windows 11.

It is the final version of Windows Server that includes Enterprise and Web Server editions, the final that got a service pack from Microsoft and the final version that supports IA-64 and processors without PAE, SSE2 and NX (although a 2018 update dropped support for non-SSE2 processors).

Seven editions of Windows Server 2008 R2 were released: Foundation, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, HPC Server and Itanium, as well as Windows Storage Server 2008 R2. A home server variant called Windows Home Server 2011 was also released.

Microsoft introduced Windows Server 2008 R2 at the 2008 Professional Developers Conference as the server variant of Windows 7, based on the Windows NT kernel.

On January 7, 2009, a beta release of Windows Server 2008 R2 was made available to subscribers of Microsoft’s TechNet and MSDN programs, as well as those participating in the Microsoft Connect program for Windows 7. Two days later, the beta was released to the public via the Microsoft Download Center.[13]

On April 30, 2009, the release candidate was made available to subscribers of TechNet and MSDN.[14] On May 5, 2009, the release candidate was made available to the public via the Microsoft download center.[15]

According to Windows Server Blog,[16] the following are the dates of the year 2009 when Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 has been made available to various distribution channels:

  • OEMs received Windows Server 2008 R2 in English and all language packs on July 29. The remaining languages were available around August 11.
  • Independent software vendor (ISV) and independent hardware vendor (IHV) partners have been able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 from MSDN starting on August 14.
  • IT professionals with TechNet subscriptions were able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 and obtain product keys for English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish variants beginning August 14 and all remaining languages beginning August 21.
  • Developers with MSDN subscriptions have been able to download and obtain product keys for Windows Server 2008 R2 in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish starting August 14 and all remaining languages starting August 21.
  • Microsoft Partner Program (MPP) gold/certified members were able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 through the MPP portal on August 19.
  • Volume licensing customers with an existing Software Assurance (SA) contracts were able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 on August 19 via the Volume License Service Center.
  • Volume licensing customers without an SA were able to purchase Windows Server 2008 R2 through volume licensing by September 1.

Additionally, qualifying students have been able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard edition in 15 languages from the Microsoft Imagine program (known as DreamSpark at the time).[17]

A reviewer guide published by the company describes several areas of improvement in R2.[18] These include new virtualization capabilities (Live Migration, Cluster Shared Volumes using Failover Clustering and Hyper-V), reduced power consumption, a new set of management tools and new Active Directory capabilities such as a «recycle bin» for deleted objects. IIS 7.5 has been added to this release which also includes updated FTP server services. Security enhancements include encrypted clientless authenticated VPN services through DirectAccess for clients using Windows 7, and the addition of DNSSEC support for DNS Server Service. Even though DNSSEC as such is supported, only one signature algorithm is available:[19] #5/RSA/SHA-1. Since many zones use a different algorithm – including the root zone – this means that in reality Windows still can’t serve as a recursive resolver.

The DHCP server supports a large number of enhancements[20] such as MAC address-based control filtering, converting active leases into reservations or link layer based filters, DHCppP Name protection for non-Windows machines to prevent name squatting, better performance through aggressive lease database caching, DHCP activity logging, auto-population of certain network interface fields, a wizard for split-scope configuration, DHCP Server role migration using WSMT, support for DHCPv6 Option 15 (User Class) and Option 32 (Information Refresh Time). The DHCP server runs in the context of the Network Service account which has fewer privileges to reduce potential damage if compromised.

Windows Server 2008 R2 supports up to 64 physical processors[21] or up to 256 logical processors per system. (Only the Datacenter and Itanium editions can take advantage of the capability of 64 physical processors. Enterprise, the next-highest edition after those two, can only use 8.)[22] When deployed in a file server role, new File Classification Infrastructure services allow files to be stored on designated servers in the enterprise based on business naming conventions, relevance to business processes and overall corporate policies.[23]

Server Core includes a subset of the .NET Framework, so that some applications (including ASP.NET web sites and Windows PowerShell 2.0) can be used.

Performance improvement was a major area of focus for this release; Microsoft has stated that work was done to decrease boot time, improve the efficiency of I/O operations while using less processing power, and generally improve the speed of storage devices, especially iSCSI.

Active Directory has several new features when raising the forest and domain functional levels[24] to Windows Server 2008 R2: Two added features are Authentication Mechanism Assurance and Automatic SPN Management. When raising the forest functional level, the Active Directory recycle bin feature is available and can be enabled using the Active Directory Module for PowerShell.[25]

Support for the RTM version of Windows Server 2008 R2 ended on April 9, 2013.[3][26] Users had to install Service Pack 1 to continue receiving updates.[27]

On January 13, 2015, Windows Server 2008 R2 exited mainstream support and entered the extended support phase; Microsoft continued to provide security updates every month for Windows Server 2008 R2, however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes were no longer offered. Extended support ended on January 14, 2020, about ten years after the release of Windows Server 2008 R2.[28]

In August 2019, researchers reported that «all modern versions of Microsoft Windows» may be at risk for «critical» system compromise due to design flaws of hardware device drivers from multiple providers.[29]

Microsoft announced that Server 2008 R2 would be the last version of Windows supporting the Itanium architecture, with extended support to end on July 10, 2018.[30][31][32] However, monthly security updates continued until January 14, 2020,[33] and a final unscheduled update appeared in May 2020 via WSUS.[34]

Paid extended updates

[edit]

Windows Server 2008 R2 was eligible for the paid ESU (Extended Security Updates) program. This program allowed volume license customers to purchase, in yearly installments, security updates for the operating system until January 10, 2023, only for Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter volume licensed editions. The program was included with Microsoft Azure purchases, and offered Azure customers an additional year of support, until January 9, 2024.[3][4][6][35]

Prior to the ESU program becoming available, Windows Server 2008 R2 was eligible for the now discontinued, paid Premium Assurance program (an add-on to Microsoft Software Assurance) available to volume license customers. Microsoft will, however, honor the program for customers who purchased it between March 2017 and July 2018 (while it was available). The program provides an extra six years of security update support, until January 13, 2026.[9][7][8][36] This will mark the final end of all security updates for the Windows NT 6.1 product line after 16 years, 5 months, and 22 days.

Paid extended updates are not available for Itanium customers.[37][36]

On February 9, 2011, Microsoft officially released Service Pack 1 (SP1) for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 to OEM partners. Apart from bug fixes, it introduces two new major functions, RemoteFX and Dynamic Memory. RemoteFX enables the use of graphics hardware support for 3D graphics in a Hyper-V based VM. Dynamic Memory makes it possible for a VM to only allocate as much physical RAM as is needed temporarily for its execution. On February 16, SP1 became available for MSDN and TechNet subscribers as well as volume licensing customers. As of February 22, SP1 is generally available for download via the Microsoft Download Center and available on Windows Update.[38]

System requirements

[edit]

System requirements for Windows Server 2008 R2 are as follows:[39]

Processor
1.4 GHz x86-64 or Itanium 2 processor
Memory
Minimum: 512 MB RAM (may limit performance and some features)
Recommended: 2 GB RAM
Maximum: 8 GB RAM (Foundation), 32 GB RAM (Standard), or 2 TB RAM (Enterprise, Datacenter and Itanium)
Display
Super VGA (800×600) or higher
Disk Space Requirements
Minimum (editions higher than Foundation): 32 GB or more
Minimum (Foundation edition) 10 GB or more.
Computers with more than 16 GB of RAM require more disk space for paging and dump files.[39]
Other
DVD drive, keyboard and mouse, Internet access (required for updates and online activation)
  • BlueKeep (security vulnerability)
  • Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
  • Comparison of operating systems
  • History of Microsoft Windows
  • List of operating systems
  • Microsoft Servers
  1. ^ https://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/2009/Jun09/06-02SteveGuggenheimer.mspx
  2. ^ «May 13, 2025—KB5058430 (Monthly Rollup)». Microsoft. May 13, 2025.
  3. ^ a b c d e «Windows Server 2008 R2 Lifecycle Policy». Microsoft. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
  4. ^ a b «Product Lifecycle FAQ – Extended Security Updates – Microsoft Lifecycle». learn.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  5. ^ «Announcing new options for SQL Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 End of Support». azure.microsoft.com. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  6. ^ a b «Extended Security Updates for SQL Server and Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2 | Microsoft». Microsoft. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
  7. ^ a b Mackie, Kurt (July 13, 2018). «Microsoft Replacing ‘Premiere Assurance’ Support with New Security Plan». Redmond Channel Partner. 1105 Media. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  8. ^ a b «Windows Server Premium Assurance SQL Server Premium Assurance» (PDF). Licensing School. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  9. ^ a b Foley, Mary Jo (December 8, 2016). «Microsoft to offer option of 16 years of Windows Server, SQL Server support through new Premium Assurance offer». ZDNet. Red Ventures. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  10. ^ Server and Cloud Platform Team (2009-07-22). «Windows Server 2008 R2 Reaches the RTM Milestone!». Blogs.technet.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2009. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
  11. ^ «Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 Timelines Shared at Computex». News Center. Taipei, Taiwan: Microsoft. June 3, 2009.
  12. ^ «Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter Edition Overview». Microsoft.com. Archived from the original on September 14, 2008. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
  13. ^ Emil Protalinski (9 January 2009). «Windows 7 public beta is available now».
  14. ^ «Announcing Windows Server 2008 R2 Release Candidate (RC)». Microsoft TechNet. Archived from the original on May 15, 2009.
  15. ^ «Download Windows Server 2008 R2 RC .iso images (May2009)». Microsoft. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009.
  16. ^ House, Crissy (22 July 2009). «When to expect Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM». Windows Server Blog. Microsoft. Archived from the original on July 23, 2009.
  17. ^ «Windows Server 2008 R2 on DreamSpark». Microsoft. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011.
  18. ^ «Windows Server 2008 R2 Reviewers Guide». Microsoft. November 2008. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
  19. ^ «Understanding DNSSEC in Windows». Technet.microsoft.com. 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
  20. ^ «New features in DHCP for Windows Server 2008 R2/Windows 7». Blogs.technet.com. Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
  21. ^ «Windows Server 2008 R2: Scalability for the Enterprise Customer». Microsoft.com. Archived from the original on February 13, 2008. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
  22. ^ «Windows7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 support more than 64 Processors in one System». Microsoft. November 2008. Archived from the original on December 17, 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
  23. ^ «R2: How Would You Manage Without It?». MSDN Blogs. Archived from the original on May 8, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
  24. ^ «Appendix of Functional Level Features». Microsoft Technet. Retrieved 2009-10-06.
  25. ^ «Server 2008 R2: Active Directory Functional Levels». Praetorian Prefect. Archived from the original on October 12, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-06.
  26. ^ Rose, Stephen L (February 14, 2013). «Windows 7 RTM End Of Support Is Right Around The Corner». Springboard Series Blog. Microsoft. Archived from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  27. ^ «Windows 7 users: Move to SP1 to continue receiving Microsoft support». ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
  28. ^ «Windows Server 2008 R2 End-of-Life Support is Near». June 24, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
  29. ^ Winder, Davey (August 11, 2019). «Critical Windows 10 Warning: Millions Of Users At Risk». Forbes. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  30. ^ «Windows Server 2008 R2 to Phase Out Itanium». Windows Server Blog. 2 April 2010. Why the change? The natural evolution of the x86 64-bit («x64») architecture has led to the creation of processors and servers which deliver the scalability and reliability needed for today’s «mission-critical» workloads.
  31. ^ «Microsoft ending support for Itanium». 4 April 2010. Archived from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2017. SQL Server 2008 R2 and Visual Studio 2010 are also the last versions to support Itanium.
  32. ^ «Microsoft Dropping Itanium Support – Redmond Channel Partner». Redmond Channel Partner. Retrieved 2018-05-14.
  33. ^ «Microsoft Update Catalog (search=Itanium)». Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  34. ^ «Itanium KB4552965 direct link». Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  35. ^ Sharwood, Simon (March 1, 2019). «Microsoft starts selling extended support for Windows Server 2008». nextmedia. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
  36. ^ a b «Microsoft Update Catalog 2024-06». catalog.update.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  37. ^ «Microsoft Update Catalog 2022-01». catalog.update.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  38. ^ «Announcing Availability of Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1». Archived from the original on February 11, 2011.
  39. ^ a b «Windows Server 2008 R2: System Requirements». Microsoft.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2008. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
  40. ^ «Windows Server 2008 R2 Editions Comparison by Technical Specifications». Microsoft. Archived from the original on 22 December 2010.
  41. ^ Archiveddocs (5 September 2011). «What’s New in Distributed File System». technet.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  • Windows Server 2008 R2 on Microsoft TechNet
  • Thurrott, Paul (6 October 2010). «Windows Server 2008 R2 Preview». Supersite for Windows. Penton. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011.
  • Convert Windows Server 2008 R2 to Workstation

Источник

Windows Server (formerly Windows NT Server) is a brand name for server-oriented releases of the Windows NT operating system (OS) that have been developed by Microsoft since 1993. The first release under this brand name is Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, an edition of Windows NT 3.1. With the release of Windows Server 2003, Microsoft started releasing new versions under the name Windows Server. The latest release of Windows NT under the Windows Server brand is Windows Server 2025.[2]

Windows Server

Developer Microsoft
Source model
  • Closed-source
  • Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)
Initial release July 27, 1993; 31 years ago
Latest preview vNext (10.0.26280) / September 6, 2024; 8 months ago[1]
Update method
  • Windows Update
  • Windows Server Update Services
  • Configuration Manager
  • Docker Hub
  • Intune
Default
user interface
  • Windows shell
  • PowerShell
  • Windows Admin Center
License Trialware, SaaS, or volume licensing
Official website www.microsoft.com/windows-server

Microsoft’s history of developing operating systems for servers goes back to Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server. Windows 2000 Server is the first release to include Active Directory, DNS Server, DHCP Server, and Group Policy.

History

Windows NT Server 3.x

Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server was released on July 27, 1993[citation needed] as an edition of Windows NT 3.1, an operating system aimed towards business and server use. As with its Workstation counterpart, Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server was a 32 bit rewrite of the Windows kernel that retained a similar use interface to Windows 3.1. Unlike the latter, however, Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server was a complete operating system that did not need to be run from DOS. Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, like its Workstation counterpart, featured new features such as multiuser support and preemptive multitasking.[3]
In 1994, Microsoft released Windows NT Server 3.5. It introduced TCP/IP and Winsock support integrated into the operating system, alongside the ability to use FTP. It also supported VFAT.[citation needed]

In 1995, Microsoft released Windows NT Server 3.51, an update to Windows NT Server 3.5, which added NTFS compression and support for the PowerPC architecture.[citation needed]

Windows NT Server 4.0

In 1996, Microsoft released Windows NT Server 4.0. It added the new user interface introduced in Windows 95 the previous year. In addition, it dropped support for the PowerPC, Alpha, and MIPS architectures. Microsoft updated Winsock to version 2 and IIS 2.0 and FrontPage are included.[citation needed]

Windows 2000 Server

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003 is based on a modified version of Windows XP.

Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2

Windows Server 2008 is based on Windows Vista SP1, while Windows Server 2008 R2 is based on Windows 7.

Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2

Windows Server 2012 is based on Windows 8, while Windows Server 2012 R2 is based on Windows 8.1.

Windows Server 2016, 2019 and 2022

These versions of Windows Server are all based on Windows 10. Windows Server 2016 is based on Windows 10, version 1607, Windows Server 2019 is based on Windows 10, version 1809 and Windows Server 2022 is based on a modified version of Windows 10, version 21H2.

Windows Server 2025

This version of Windows Server is based on Windows 11. Windows Server 2025 is based on Windows 11, version 24H2.[4]

Members

Main releases

Main releases include:

  • Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server (July 27, 1993)
  • Windows NT Server 3.5 (September 21, 1994)
  • Windows NT Server 3.51 (May 30, 1995)
  • Windows NT 4.0 Server (August 24, 1996)
  • Windows 2000 Server (December 15, 1999)
  • Windows Server 2003 (April 24, 2003)[5]
  • Windows Server 2003 R2 (December 6, 2005)[6]
  • Windows Server 2008 (February 27, 2008)[7]
  • Windows Server 2008 R2 (October 22, 2009)[8]
  • Windows Server 2012 (September 4, 2012)[9]
  • Windows Server 2012 R2 (October 17, 2013)[10]
  • Windows Server 2016 (October 12, 2016)[11]
  • Windows Server 2019 (October 2, 2018)[12]
  • Windows Server 2022 (August 18, 2021)[13]
  • Windows Server 2025 (November 1, 2024)[14]

Traditionally, Microsoft supports Windows Server for 10 years, with five years of mainstream support and an additional five years of extended support. These releases also offer a complete desktop experience. Starting with Windows Server 2008, Server Core and Nano Server configurations were made available to reduce the OS footprint.[15][16] Between 2015 and 2021, Microsoft referred to these releases as «long-term support» releases to set them apart from semi-annual releases (see below.)

For sixteen years, Microsoft released a major version of Windows Server every four years, with one minor version released two years after a major release. The minor versions had an «R2» suffix in their names. In October 2018, Microsoft broke this tradition with the release of Windows Server 2019, which would have been «Windows Server 2016 R2». Windows Server 2022 is also a minor upgrade over its predecessor.[17][18]

Branded releases

Certain editions of Windows Server have a customized name:

  • Windows Storage Server (editions of Windows Server 2003 through 2016; editions of Windows Server IoT 2019 and its successors)[19][20][21]
  • Windows HPC Server 2008
  • Windows HPC Server 2008 R2
  • Windows Home Server (an edition of Windows Server 2003)
  • Windows Home Server 2011 (an edition of Windows Server 2008 R2)
  • Hyper-V Server (a discontinued,[22] freeware edition of Windows Server 2008 through 2019)[23]
  • Windows MultiPoint Server
  • Windows Server Essentials[24][25]
  • Windows Essential Business Server (discontinued)[26]
  • Azure Stack HCI (an edition of Windows Server 2019 and later)[27]

Semi-Annual releases (discontinued)

Following the release of Windows Server 2016, Microsoft attempted to mirror the lifecycle of Windows 10 in the Windows Server family, releasing new versions twice a year which were supported for 18 months. These semi-annual versions were only available as part of Microsoft subscription services, including Software Assurance, Azure Marketplace, and Visual Studio subscriptions,[28] until their discontinuation in July 2021.[29][28]

The semi-annual releases do not include any desktop environments. Instead, they are restricted to the Nano Server configuration installed in a Docker container,[16][28] and the Server Core configuration, licensed only to serve as a container host.[16][28]

Semi-Annual releases include:[30]

  • Windows Server, version 1709 (unsupported as of April 9, 2019; 6 years ago)
  • Windows Server, version 1803 (unsupported as of November 12, 2019; 5 years ago)
  • Windows Server, version 1809 (unsupported as of November 10, 2020; 4 years ago)
  • Windows Server, version 1903 (unsupported as of December 8, 2020; 4 years ago)
  • Windows Server, version 1909 (unsupported as of May 11, 2021; 4 years ago)
  • Windows Server, version 2004 (unsupported as of December 14, 2021; 3 years ago)
  • Windows Server, version 20H2 (unsupported as of August 9, 2022; 2 years ago)[31][32][33][34]

Annual releases

The Annual Channel was first announced in July 2023, with the first version being released on September the same year. Unlike the Semi-Annual releases, each Annual Channel release would receive six months of extended support in addition to the 18 months of regular support. Annual releases are made available every twelve months, hence the name. Datacenter is the only edition available.

Annual releases include:[35]

  • Windows Server, version 23H2

See also

  • List of Microsoft Windows versions
  • Microsoft Servers
  • Linux range of use § Servers, mainframes and supercomputers
  • NetWare
  • Open Enterprise Server

References

  1. ^ «Announcing Windows Server Preview Build 26280». Microsoft Tech Community. September 6, 2024. Retrieved July 14, 2024. when reporting issues please refer to «VNext» rather than Windows Server 2025 which is currently in market.
  2. ^ «Windows Server 2025 now generally available, with advanced security, improved performance, and cloud agility». Microsoft Windows Server Blog. November 4, 2024. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
  3. ^ «30 years of Windows Server». TECHCOMMUNITY.MICROSOFT.COM. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  4. ^ Woolsey, Jeff. «Introducing Windows Server 2025! — Microsoft Tech Community». Archived from the original on September 17, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  5. ^ «Windows Server 2003 – Microsoft Lifecycle». Microsoft. March 8, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  6. ^ «Windows Server 2003 R2 – Microsoft Lifecycle». Microsoft. March 8, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  7. ^ «Windows Server 2008 – Microsoft Lifecycle». Microsoft. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  8. ^ «Windows Server 2008 R2 – Microsoft Lifecycle». Microsoft. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  9. ^ «Windows Server 2012 – Microsoft Lifecycle». Microsoft Support. Microsoft. January 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
  10. ^ «Windows Server 2012 R2 – Microsoft Lifecycle». Microsoft.com. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  11. ^ «Windows Server 2016 – Microsoft Lifecycle». Microsoft Support. Microsoft. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  12. ^ «Windows Server 2019 – Microsoft Lifecycle». Microsoft Support. Microsoft. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  13. ^ «Windows Server 2022 – Microsoft Lifecycle». Microsoft Support. Microsoft. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  14. ^ Woolsey, Jeff. «Introducing Windows Server 2025». Microsoft Tech Community Hub. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  15. ^ «What is Microsoft Windows Server LTSC (Long-Term Servicing Channel)? – Definition from WhatIs.com». SearchWindowsServer. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  16. ^ a b c «Windows Server – Semi-Annual Channel (SAC) vs Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) – Thomas Maurer». Thomas Maurer. November 19, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  17. ^ Sommergut, Wolfgang (August 24, 2021). «Windows Server 2022 released: Overview of new features». 4sysops. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021.
  18. ^ Foley, Mary Jo (August 20, 2021). «Microsoft’s Windows Server 2022 is rolling out to mainstream users». ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021.
  19. ^ «Windows Storage Server Lifecycle (EOL)». EndOfLife.Software.
  20. ^ «Windows Server IoT 2019 for Storage». Microsoft.com. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  21. ^ «Windows Server IoT 2022». Microsoft.com. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  22. ^ Christensen, Elden (March 25, 2022). «Hyper-V in the 2022 Wave». Microsoft Tech Community. Self-published.
  23. ^ «Hyper-V Server». Search Product and Services Lifecycle Information. Microsoft. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
  24. ^ «Windows Small Business Server 2008 Technical FAQ». Windows Server Essentials documentations. Microsoft. December 14, 2010 – via Microsoft Docs.
  25. ^ Thurrott, Paul (September 3, 2011). «Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentials». Supersite for Windows. Penton Media. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
  26. ^ «Windows Essential Business Server». TechNet Archive. Microsoft. February 7, 2012 – via Microsoft Docs.
  27. ^ «Deploy the Azure Stack HCI operating system». Azure Docs. Microsoft. October 22, 2021.
  28. ^ a b c d «Windows Server servicing channels». Windows Server Library. Microsoft. July 5, 2022. Archived from the original on July 13, 2022.
  29. ^ «Microsoft to retire semi-annual Windows Server updates, will move entirely to LTSC releases». Neowin. July 28, 2021.
  30. ^ «Windows Server». Windows Server Semi-Annual Channel. Microsoft. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  31. ^ «Windows message center: Windows Server, version 20H2 has reached end of servicing». August 9, 2022. Archived from the original on August 10, 2022.
  32. ^ «Windows Server release information». docs.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  33. ^ «Windows 10, version 20H2 and Windows Server, version 20H2». docs.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  34. ^ Popa, Bogdan. «Microsoft Retires Windows Server Version 20H2». news.softpedia.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  35. ^ «Windows Server». Windows Server Annual Channel. Microsoft. Retrieved January 9, 2024.

External links

  • Official website  

Источник

Обновлено:
Опубликовано:

Данная статья представляет краткий обзор всех версий операционной системы Windows.

Версия Вашей системы: Windows 7

Версии для настольных компьютеров

Логотип Версия Год Статус
Windows 1 1985 Не поддерживается
Не используется
Windows 2 1987
Windows 3 1990
Windows NT 3.1 1993
Windows NT 3.5 Workstation 1994
Windows NT 3.51 1995
Windows 95 1995
Windows NT 4.0 1996
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millenium 2000
Windows 2000 (NT 5.0) 2000
Windows XP (NT 5.1) 2001 Не поддерживается
Встречается редко
Windows Vista (NT 6.0) 2006 Не поддерживается
Почти, не используется
Windows 7 (NT 6.1) 2009 Не поддерживается
Пока используется
Windows 8 (NT 6.2) 2012 Не поддерживается
Почти, не используется
Windows 8.1 (NT 6.3) 2013 Поддерживается
Почти, не используется
Windows 10 (NT 10) 2015 Поддерживается
Активно используется
Windows 11 (NT 10) 2021 Поддерживается
Начинает применяться

Серверные Windows

Логотип Версия Год Статус
Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server 1993 Не поддерживается
Как правило, не используется
Windows NT 3.5 Server 1994
Windows NT 3.51 Server 1995
Windows NT 4.0 Server 1996
Windows 2000 Server 2000
Windows Server 2003 2003
Windows Server 2003 R2 2005
Windows Server 2008 2008
Windows Server 2008 R2 2009 Не поддерживается
Пока еще используется
Windows Server 2012 2012 Поддерживается
Активно используется
Windows Server 2012 R2 2013
Windows Server 2016 2016
Windows Server 2019 2018
Windows Server 2022 2021 Начало использования

Все версии Windows по линейкам + хронология

Линейка Годы Перечисление версий
16 бит 1985 — 1995 Windows 1 / 2 / 3
32 бита
(9x)		 1995 — 2001 Windows 95 / 98 / ME
NT
(32 и 64 бита)		 с 1993 Windows NT 3.1 / NT 3.5 / NT 3.51 / NT 4.0 Workstation / 2000 / XP / Vista / 7 / 8 / 8.1 / 10 / 11
NT Servers
(32 и 64 бита)		 с 1993 Windows NT 3.1 / NT 3.5 / NT 3.51 / NT 4.0 Server / 2000 Server / 2003 / 2003 R2 / 2008 / 2008 R2 / 2012 / 2012 R2 / 2016 / 2019 / 2022

История успеха

Данная история успеха отражает частоту использования системы; количество глюков, с которыми столкнулись пользователи; отзывы.

Windows 1 Неудача
Windows 2 Нейтрально
Windows 3 Успех
Windows 95 Неудача
Windows 98 Успех
Windows Millenium Провал
Windows 2000 Нейтрально
Windows XP Большой успех
Windows Vista Провал
Windows 7 Успех
Windows 8 Провал
Windows 8.1 Неудача
Windows 10 Успех
Windows 11 Нейтрально

* несмотря на провал некоторых версий операционной системы, они несли новые функции, которые перешли в уже успешные версии. Например, в миллениум появились красивые иконки и окна, которые перешли в Windows 2000. Поэтому провал не стоит оценивать, как неудачную работу.

Windows 1 (для компьютеров)

Годы поддержки: 1985 — 2001. Ветка: 16 бит.

Издания: —

Что нового

До Windows 1 был MS-DOS, поэтому самое главное новшество — графический интерфейс и возможность управления при помощи мыши.

Системные требования

Процессор 8088
Оперативная память 256 Кбайт
Объем жесткого диска 3 Мб

Windows 2

Годы поддержки: 1989 — 2001. Ветка: 16 бит.

Издания: —

Что нового

  • Возможность использования сочетания клавиш.
  • Появились перекрывающиеся окна.
  • Возможность увеличить и уменьшить окно.

Системные требования

Процессор 8088
Оперативная память 256 Кбайт
Объем жесткого диска 3 Мб

Windows 3

Годы поддержки: 1990 — 2008. Ветка: 16 бит.

Издания: —

Что нового

  • Первый (от Microsoft) удобный для пользователя интерфейс.
  • Появление диспетчера программ.
  • Появление мультимедийных возможностей.
  • Поддержка сети (с 3.1).

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 8086/8088 80486DX 33 МГц
Оперативная память 640 Кбайт 4 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 6,5 Мб 60 Мб

Windows NT 3.1

Годы поддержки: 1993 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Что нового

  • Первая система на базе ядра NT.
  • Поддержка файловой системы NTFS.

Системные требования

Процессор Intel 80386
Оперативная память 2 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 8 Мб

Windows NT 3.5 Workstation

Годы поддержки: 1994 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Что нового

  • Встроенная поддержка Winsock и TCP/IP.
  • Появление сервера и клиента DHCP и WINS.
  • Предоставление общего доступа к файлам и принтерам.
  • Поддержка VFAT.

Системные требования

Процессор 33 МГц
Оперативная память 12 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 70 Мб

Windows NT 3.51 Workstation

Годы поддержки: 1995 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Системные требования

Процессор 33 МГц
Оперативная память 12 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 70 Мб

Windows 95

Годы поддержки: 1995 — 2001. Ветка: 9x (32 бита).

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 80386 DX Pentium
Оперативная память 4 Мб 8 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 50 Мб 100 Мб

Windows NT 4.0 Workstation

Годы поддержки: 1996 — 2004. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 486/25 486DX2/50
Оперативная память 12 Мб 24 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 128 Мб 1 Гб

Windows 98

Годы поддержки: 1998 — 2006. Ветка: 9x (32 бита).

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 486DX 66 МГц Pentium
Оперативная память 16 Мб 24 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 200 Мб 500 Мб

Windows Millenium

Годы поддержки: 2000 — 2006. Ветка: 9x (32 бита).

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 150 МГц 300 МГц
Оперативная память 32 Мб 128 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 200 Мб 500 Мб

Windows 2000

Годы поддержки: 2000 — 2010. Ветка: NT.

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 133 МГц 1 ГГц
Оперативная память 32 Мб 128 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 2 Гб 20 Гб

Windows XP

Годы поддержки: 2000 — 2010. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Редакции: XP, XP Professional

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 233 МГц 300 МГц
Оперативная память 64 Мб 128 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 1,5 Гб от 1,5 Гб

Windows Vista

Годы поддержки: 2006 — 2017. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Начальная (Starter), Домашняя базовая (Basic), Домашняя расширенная (Premium), Бизнес (Business), Корпоративная (Enterprise), Максимальная (Ultimate)

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 800 МГц 1 ГГц
Оперативная память 512 Мб 1 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 20 Гб 40 Гб

Windows 7

Годы поддержки: 2009 — 2020. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Начальная (Starter), Домашняя базовая (Home Basic), Домашняя расширенная (Home Premium), Профессиональная (Professional), Корпоративная (Enterprise), Максимальная (Ultimate)

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Архитектура 32-бит 64-бит 32-бит 64-бит
Процессор 1 ГГц
Оперативная память 1 Гб 2 Гб 4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 16 Гб 20 Гб 16 Гб 20 Гб

Windows 8

Годы поддержки: 2012 — 2016. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: 8, 8 Профессиональная (Pro), 8 Корпоративная (Enterprise)

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Архитектура 32-бит 64-бит 32-бит 64-бит
Процессор 1 ГГц
Оперативная память 1 Гб 2 Гб 4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 16 Гб 20 Гб 16 Гб 20 Гб

Windows 8.1

Годы поддержки: 2013 — 2023. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: 8, 8 Профессиональная (Pro), 8 Корпоративная (Enterprise)

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Архитектура 32-бит 64-бит 32-бит 64-бит
Процессор 1 ГГц
Оперативная память 1 Гб 2 Гб 4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 16 Гб 20 Гб 16 Гб 20 Гб

Windows 10

Годы поддержки: 2015 — 2025. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания

  • Домашняя (Home). Для большинства домашних компьютеров. Нет возможности настроить удаленный рабочий стол для того, чтобы к систему можно было подключиться удаленно; нет возможности использования групповых политик и присоединения к домену.
  • Профессиональная (Pro). Содержит все функции домашней версии + возможность присоединения к домену, использования групповых политик, возможность подключения к компьютеру с использованием удаленного рабочего стола.
  • Корпоративная (Enterprise). Урезаны некоторые функции домашней версии. Есть все дополнительные функции версии Pro + DirectAccess, AppLocker.
  • S. Является урезанной версией; предустановлена на некоторые устройства. Не поддерживает стандартную установку приложений — возможна установка только из магазина Windows.

Что нового

Windows 10 претерпевает сильные изменения с выходом новых билдов. Поэтому нововведения будем рассматривать исходя из этого.

Билд 1507 (ноябрь 2015):

  • Улучшенная производительность.
  • Новый встроенный браузер Microsoft Edge.
  • Автоматическое сжимание соседнего окна, при прижимании активного окна в одной из сторон рабочего стола.
  • «Все приложения» в «Пуск» поддерживают отображение в 2048 элементов (раньше только 512).
  • Принудительная установка обновлений.
  • Использование виртуального голосового помощника Кортана.
  • Обновленный меню пуск — представляет из себя гибрид предыдущих версий и Windows 8 (вернулся старый вариант раскрытия, а в правой части появились плитки).
  • Возможность создания нескольких рабочих столов.
  • Отказ от плиточной системы Windows 8.

1607 (август 2016):

  • Возможность рукописного ввода (Windows Ink).
  • Идентификация с помощью веб-камеры.
  • Синхронизация с мобильного устройства уведомлений.
  • Изменение меню параметров системы.

1703 (апрель 2017):

  • Встроенная поддержка шлемов виртуальной реальности.
  • Игровой режим
  • По умолчанию предлагается командная строка в Powershell.
  • Доступ к классической панели управления скрыт из контекстного меню. Теперь его можно вызвать командой control.
  • Улучшение работы встроенного антивируса.
  • Идентификация с помощью веб-камеры для Active Directory.
  • Возможность создавать скриншот с выделением области с помощью сочетания клавиш Win + Shaft + S.
  • Поддержка шрифта Брайля.
  • Увеличенное время работы от батареи.

1709 (октябрь 2017):

  • Возможность работы Cortana на одном устройстве и окончание работы на другом.
  • Отключение протокола SMBv1. Включить можно вручную.
  • Появление панели «Люди».
  • Информация о GPU в диспетчере задач.
  • Полноэкранный режим Microsoft Edge
  • Увеличенное время работы от батареи (функция Power Throttling).
  • Появление панели эмодзи.
  • Выборочная синхронизация OneDrive.
  • Исправление проблемы торможения в играх.

1803 (апрель 2018):

  • Возможность восстановить пароль с помощью контрольных вопросов.

1809 (октябрь 2018):

  • Темная тема для проводника.
  • Возможность получения доступа к сообщениям с телефона (функция «Ваш телефон»).

1903 (май 2019):

  • Изолированный рабочий стол для безопасного запуска приложений.

1909 (ноябрь 2019):

  • Универсальный поиск в Проводнике.
  • Улучшение производительности.

2004 (май 2020):

  • Функция «Загрузка из облака» для переустановки Windows 10.
  • Регулирование пропускной способности для обновлений Windows.
  • Отображение температуры видеоядра в Диспетчере задач.
  • Возможность удаления Блокнот, Paint, WordPad.
  • Возможность использование Windows без пароля.

* данный список содержит часть нововведений. Полный список на странице в Википедии.

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Архитектура 32-бит 64-бит 32-бит 64-бит
Процессор 1 ГГц
Оперативная память 1 Гб 2 Гб 4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 16 Гб 20 Гб 16 Гб 20 Гб

Windows 11 (последняя для настольных компьютеров)

Годы поддержки: 2021 — 2031. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: только 64 бита.

Основные издания: Домашняя (Home), Профессиональная (Pro), Корпоративная (Enterprise).

Дополнительные издания: для обучения (Education), для облаков (Cloud), для устройств дополненной и смешанной реальности (Mixed Reality), для бюджетных устройств (SE).

Системные требования

Процессор 2 ядра, 1 ГГц
Оперативная память 4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 64 Гб
БИОС (прошивка) UEFI
Видеоадаптер Совместимый с DirectX 12 / WDDM 2.x
Интернет Для Home необходим вход под учетной записью Microsoft.

Что нового

Много изменений касаются визуальной части системы с ориентацией на повышение удобства для пользователя:

  • Улучшенная поддержка дисплеев HDR.
  • Улучшены производительность и безопасность.
  • Кнопка «Пуск» перенесена ближе к центру экрана. Само меню пуска переработано.
  • Более адаптированный интерфейс для управления касанием (в режиме планшета).
  • Возможность создания нескольких рабочих столов с возможность располагать на них разные приложения.

Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server (для серверов)

Годы поддержки: 1993 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Системные требования

Процессор Intel 80386
Оперативная память 2 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 8 Мб

Windows NT 3.5 Server

Годы поддержки: 1994 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Что нового

  • Встроенная поддержка Winsock и TCP/IP.
  • Появление сервера DHCP и WINS.
  • Предоставление общего доступа к файлам и принтерам.
  • Поддержка VFAT.

Системные требования

Процессор 33 МГц
Оперативная память 16 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 70 Мб

Windows NT 3.51 Server

Годы поддержки: 1995 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Системные требования

Процессор 33 МГц
Оперативная память 16 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 70 Мб

Windows NT 4.0 Server

Годы поддержки: 1996 — 2004. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Server, Enterprise Edition, Terminal Server

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 486/25 486DX2/50
Оперативная память 16 Мб 24 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 128 Мб 1 Гб

Windows 2000 Server

Годы поддержки: 2000 — 2010. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Server, Advanced Server и Datacenter Server

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 133 МГц 1 ГГц
Оперативная память 32 Мб 128 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 2 Гб 20 Гб

Windows Server 2003

Годы поддержки: 2003 — 2015. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Web, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter

Системные требования

Web, Standard, Enterprise:

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 133 МГц 550 МГц
Оперативная память 128 Мб 256 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 1,5 Гб 2 Гб

Datacenter Edition:

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 400 МГц 733 МГц
Оперативная память 512 Мб 1 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 1,5 Гб 2 Гб

Windows Server 2003 R2

Годы поддержки: 2005 — 2015. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter

Системные требования

Standard, Enterprise:

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 133 МГц 550 МГц
Оперативная память 128 Мб 256 Мб
Объем жесткого диска 1,2 Гб 2 Гб

Datacenter Edition:

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 400 МГц 733 МГц
Оперативная память 512 Мб 1 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 1,2 Гб 2 Гб

Windows Server 2008

Годы поддержки: 2008 — 2020. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Web, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, HPC, Storage, Itanium

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Архитектура 32-бит 64-бит 32-бит 64-бит
Процессор 1 ГГц 1.4 ГГц 2 ГГц
Оперативная память 512 Мб 2 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 10 Гб 40 Гб

Windows Server 2008 R2

Годы поддержки: 2009 — 2020. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Foundation, Small Business, Web, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, HPC, Itanium

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 1.4 ГГц 2 ГГц
Оперативная память 512 Мб 2 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 10 Гб 40 Гб

Windows Server 2012

Годы поддержки: 2012 — 2023. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 1.4 ГГц 2 ГГц
Оперативная память 2 Гб 4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 32 Гб 60 Гб

Windows Server 2012 R2

Годы поддержки: 2013 — 2023. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 1.4 ГГц 2 ГГц
Оперативная память 2 Гб 4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 32 Гб 60 Гб

Windows Server 2016

Годы поддержки: 2016 — 2026. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Essentials, Standard, Datacenter

Что нового

  • Лицензирование на физические ядра процессора (минимум 16).
  • Новый режим установки — Nano.
  • Появление контейнерной виртуализации.
  • OpenGL и OpenCL для RDP.
  • Шифрование виртуальных машин и внутреннего сетевого трафика.
  • Блочная репликация файловых хранилищ.

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 1.4 ГГц 3.1 ГГц
Оперативная память 2 Гб 4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 32 Гб 60 Гб

Более подробно в обзоре Windows Server 2016.

Windows Server 2019

Годы поддержки: 2018 — 2029. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Standard, Datacenter

Что нового

  • Улучшенная безопасность — встроенные технологии Defender ATP и Defender Exploit Guard.
  • Windows Subsystem Linux (WSL) — контейнеры для поддержки приложений Linux.
  • Для построения кластера с четным количеством узлов в качестве диска-свидетеля может выступать USB-диск.

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 1.4 ГГц 3.1 ГГц
Оперативная память 512 Мб (Nano)
2 Гб (GUI)		 4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска 32 Гб 60 Гб

Windows Server 2022 (последняя для серверов)

Годы поддержки: 2021 — 2031. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Standard, Datacenter

Что нового

  • Улучшенная безопасность.
  • Больше возможностей для работы с облаками, особенно, Microsoft Azure.

Системные требования

  Минимальные Рекомендуемые
Процессор 1.4 ГГц 3.1 ГГц
Оперативная память 512 Мб (Nano)
2 Гб (GUI)
Поддержка ECC		 4 Гб

Поддержка ECC
Объем жесткого диска 32 Гб 60 Гб
Сетевой адаптер 1 гигабит в секунду

Источник

Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. Active Windows families include Windows NT and Windows Embedded; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or Windows Server. Defunct Windows families include Windows 9x, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone.

Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a graphical operating system shell for their text-based operating system, MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs).[1] Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world’s personal computer (PC) market with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984. Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh (eventually settled in court in Microsoft’s favor in 1993). On PCs, Windows is still the most popular operating system. However, in 2014, Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android,[2] because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones. In 2014, the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold. This comparison however may not be fully relevant, as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms. Still, numbers for server use of Windows (that are comparable to competitors) show one third market share, similar to for end-user use.

As of October 2021, the most recent version of Windows for PCs and tablets is Windows 11. The most recent versions for server computers is Windows Server 2022. The last version available for smartphones and embedded devices was Windows 10. A specialized version of Windows runs on the Xbox One and Xbox Series X/Xbox Series S video game consoles.[3] Microsoft rolled out its first release of Windows 11 on October 5, 2021.[4]

Versions[]

There have been many versions of Windows since its introduction in 1985, ranging from 16-bit to 64-bit, for both client and server applications.

Major releases of the consumer operating system[]

  • Windows 1.0 (1985)
  • Windows 2.0 (1987)
  • Windows 2.1 (1988)
  • Windows 3.0 (1990)
  • Windows 3.1 (1992)
  • Windows 95 (1995)
  • Windows 98 (1998)
  • Windows 2000 (2000)
  • Windows Me (2000)
  • Windows XP (2001)
  • Windows Vista (2006)
  • Windows 7 (2009)
  • Windows 8 (2012)
  • Windows RT (2012)
  • Windows 8.1 (2013)
  • Windows 10 (2015)
  • Windows 11 (2021)

Major releases of the business / server operating system[]

  • Windows NT 3.1 (1993)
  • Windows NT 3.5 (1994)
  • Windows NT 3.51 (1995)
  • Windows NT 4.0 (1996)
  • Windows 2000 Server (2000)
  • Windows Server 2003 (2003)
  • Windows Server 2003 R2 (2005)
  • Windows Server 2008 (2008)
  • Windows Server 2008 R2 (2009)
  • Windows Server 2012 (2012)
  • Windows Server 2012 R2 (2013)
  • Windows Server 2016 (2016)
  • Windows Server 2019 (2018)
  • Windows Server 2022 (2021)
  • Windows Server 2025 (2024)

History[]

Windows was first originated as an add-on to MS-DOS to provide a graphical user interface to the traditional command-line system.

Windows 1.0[]

A typical Windows 1.0 desktop.

The first independent version of Microsoft Windows, version 1.0, released in November 1985, lacked a degree of functionality and achieved little popularity.

Windows 2.0[]

Windows 2.0 was released in November 1987 and was slightly more popular than its predecessor. Windows 2.03 (release date January 1988) had introduced overlapping windows, which led to Apple Computer filing a suit against Microsoft alleging copyright infringement.

Windows 3.0[]

A Windows 3.11 Workgroup desktop.

Windows 3.0, released in 1990, was the first Windows version to achieve broad commercial success, selling 2 million copies in the first six months. It featured improvements to the user interface and to multitasking capabilities. It was updated to version 3.1 in 1992.

Windows NT 3.1[]

In July 1993, Microsoft released Windows NT based on IBM OS/2 technology (which Microsoft had been co-developing for several years prior). NT was targeted at businesses rather than home users, although these separate lines would later be combined.

Windows 95[]

On August 24, 1995, Microsoft released Windows 95, which introduced support for native 32-bit applications and long file names of up to 255 characters. The most significant addition, however, was the Start Menu – a graphical menu which provides a central launching point for programs and performing other tasks.

Windows 98[]

The next in line was Microsoft Windows 98 released in June 1998. Substantially criticized for its slowness compared with Windows 95, many of its basic problems were later rectified with the release of Windows 98 Second Edition in 1999.

Windows 2000/Me[]

As part of its business line, Microsoft released the NT-based Windows 2000 in February 2000, which was used for servers and workstations alike. The consumer version was the 9x-based Windows Me (Millennium Edition), released in September 2000. Windows Me attempted to implement a number of new technologies for Microsoft, most notably Universal Plug and Play, however, the OS was substantially criticized for its lack of compatibility and stability.

Windows XP[]

A typical Windows XP desktop.

In October 2001, Microsoft released Windows XP, a version built on the Windows NT kernel that also retained the consumer-oriented usability of Windows 95 and its successors. It shipped in two distinct editions, «Home» and «Professional», the former lacking many of the superior security and networking features of the Professional edition. Additionally, the «Media Center» edition was released in 2003, with an emphasis on support for DVD and TV functionality including program recording and a remote control.

Windows Server 2003[]

Windows Server 2003 was introduced in April 2003, replacing the Windows 2000 line of server products with a number of new features and a strong focus on security; this was followed in December 2005 by Windows Server 2003 R2 (Release 2).

Windows Vista[]

The long-awaited Windows Vista, codenamed Longhorn, was released in 2007 with 5 editions. Vista was built on the more recent and more stable platform of Server 2003. Windows Server 2008 was introduced in February 2008.

Windows 7[]

In October 2009, Windows 7 was launched as the successor to Vista, and is considered to be a lot more stable and usable than its predecessor. At the same time, Windows Server 2008 R2 was launched as an update to the server line.

Windows 8[]

In October 26, 2012, Windows 8 was launched as the successor to Windows 7 and introduced major changes to the OS’s platform and user interface to improve experience on mobile devices, because Windows was now competing with mobile OS’s. Windows Server 2012 was also released.

Windows 8.1[]

Windows 8.1 was released on October 17, 2013 to address complaints of Windows 8. It included visual enhancements, new apps, and support for new technologies. It received more acceptance than Windows 8. Windows Server 2012 R2 was released at that time.

Windows 10[]

Windows 10 was released on July 29, 2015 as the successor to Windows 8.1, and addresses shortcomings in the user interface first introduced with Windows 8. Changes include the return of the Start menu, a virtual desktop system, and the ability to run Windows Store apps within windows on the desktop instead of in full-screen mode. The user interface is designed to handle changes between mouse and touchscreen interfaces. The server equivalents for Windows 10 are Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2019. The current version of Windows 10 is version 21H1, released in May 2021.

Windows 11[]

Windows 11, codenamed «Sun Valley«, was leaked on June 15, 2021 and was formally announced on June 24 as the successor to Windows 10 during a livestream. Preview builds began being released through the Windows Insider Program on June 28, demonstrating the return of a rounded user interface and a Start Menu and Taskbar that are centered by default.[5] Windows 11 was released as a free upgrade to eligible customers on October 5, 2021.[4][6] A phased rollout of the Windows 11 2022 Update (22H2) began on September 20, 2022.[7] The next annual update is codenamed «Copper» (23H2) and is scheduled for release in 2023. New features in development include the ability to expand the view of Widgets, an improved Xbox Game Pass Widget, redesigned «Rename this PC» and date/time picker UI.[8]

Future[]

Microsoft announced that major new versions of Windows are being scheduled for release every 3 years, placing the next such version in 2024.[9] Upcoming features from a prototype build that was demonstrated at Microsoft Ignite 2022 included a rounded floating Taskbar, weather information and system icons at the top corners, an elongated pill-shaped search bar at the top center, and a working codename of «Next Valley«.[10] In December 2022, Microsoft began the Zinc (24H2) development semester.[11] On March 8, 2023, the Windows Insider Program initiated the Canary Channel to begin separate testing of experimental features believed to be intended for Windows 12.[12]

Interface[]

Microsoft Office apps in Windows 11.

The most obvious feature of Windows is a window or a container for other graphical objects. A Window in Microsoft Windows typically contains a status bar, title bar, minimize and maximize buttons, close button, and system menu (also called the windows menu or control menu). Another prominent feature since Windows 95 and NT 4.0 is the desktop, which holds various icons that the user can double-click to open. The Start Button and Start Menu, attached to the taskbar and typically below the desktop, gives users access to installed programs and many of the other features of the operating system.

Due to these and features, Windows makes it possible to perform most common tasks, some quite complex, with very little computer knowledge. Windows also comes with features to help the disabled through its accessibility options. Under Windows XP, these features include the Narrator, Magnifier, and contrast display mode.

Logo timeline[]

1985-2001 as Microsoft Windows 1.0x-2.x

1988-2001 as Microsoft Windows 3.0

1991-2010 as Microsoft Windows 3.1-2000

1995-2006 as Microsoft Windows 9x

2001-2014 as Windows XP

2006-2012 as Windows Vista-7

2012-2015 as Windows 8 and Windows 8.1

2015-2021 as Windows 10

2021-present as Windows 11

Widespread usage[]

Microsoft Windows is installed on the vast majority of personal computers. A July 2005 poll of Network Computing magazine readers found that 90% of their organizations used Microsoft’s desktop operating systems. It has achieved enormous market penetration due to the domination of MS-DOS in the early days of PC compatible computers (IBM PC clones). It is also the primary platform for Microsoft Office and most non-console computer games.

The widespread use of Microsoft’s operating system has benefited from not being tied to the success of one hardware manufacturer and from Microsoft’s willingness to license the operating system to manufacturers. This is in contrast with Apple Computer, which does not license Mac OS X to other manufacturers, and Sun Microsystems, which did not license Solaris before it was made free and open-source. However, the wide spectrum of possible hardware permutations with Microsoft Windows is also a major source of computer problems because of hardware-software incompatibilities for consumers.

In the past, companies who wanted to be in the computer business had to create their own operating systems (such as the Amiga, BBC Micro or ZX Spectrum) or choose another OS; even an exclusive license with one vendor was significantly cheaper than developing and supporting a new operating system and software base.

Due to Microsoft’s extensive licensing agreements with many computer vendors, Windows presently comes pre-installed on most computers as a bundled OEM version, making it the default or only choice for most of the market.

For some consumers, Windows is the only valid option for a computing environment, or it is mandated by their workplace; additionally, an unfamiliarity with other operating systems results in a lack of desire to switch to other operating systems. A significant percentage of computer users simply lack the technical knowledge needed to install an operating system.

Finally, the large base of software available exclusively for the Windows family of operating systems has become the single largest self-perpetuating reason for the popularity of Windows. In recent years, many companies have been started with the sole intention of releasing Windows software; the fact that there is already a large customer base in place is reason enough for such companies to spend their resources solely on Windows software development. As a result, the fact that many companies are supporting Windows exclusively is a self-reinforcing reason for customers to choose Windows.

Maintaining compatibility in a new release of Windows with this large collection of software designed to run on older flavors of Windows consumes a large part of the resources of the Windows development team.

Security[]

The Windows XP Security Center supplied in Service Pack 2.

Security has been a major weakness of Windows for many years, and even Microsoft itself has been the victim of cracks and hacks. Due to the widespread usage of Windows on personal computers, many crackers (also known as black hat hackers) have targeted Windows rather than the lesser-used operating systems such as Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, and FreeBSD. Some believe that due to being designed for security in a multi-user and/or networked environment some other operating systems have a relatively small number of security issues. Windows was originally designed for ease-of-use on a single-user PC without a network connection and did not have security features built-in from the outset. Combined with occasionally flawed code (such as buffer overflows), Windows is a continuous target of worms and virus writers. Furthermore, until Service Pack 2 of Windows XP most versions of Windows were shipped with important security features disabled by default, and vulnerable albeit useful system services enabled by default. In June 2005, Bruce Schneier’s Counterpane Internet Security reported that it had seen over 1,000 new viruses and worms in the previous six months.

Microsoft publicly admitted their ongoing security problems shortly after the turn of the century and now claims to regard security as their number one priority. As a result, Service Pack 2 for Windows XP greatly increased the security of the operating system. Microsoft releases security patches through its Windows Update service approximately once a month (usually the second Tuesday of the month), although critical updates are made available at shorter intervals when necessary. In Windows 2000 (Service Pack 3 and later), Windows Me, and Windows XP, updates can be automatically downloaded and installed if the user selects to do so.

As another step in their focus on security, Microsoft has released Windows Defender (formerly Windows AntiSpyware and Giant AntiSpyware) a free program designed to protect against spyware and other unwanted software.

A study conducted by Kevin Mitnick and marketing communications firm Avantgarde found that an unprotected and unpatched Windows XP system lasted only 4 minutes on the Internet before it was compromised. The AOL/National Cyber Security Alliance Online Safety Study of October 2004 determined that 80% of Windows users were infected by at least one spyware/adware product. Much documentation is available describing how to increase the security of Microsoft Windows products. Typical suggestions include deploying Microsoft Windows behind a hardware or software firewall, running anti-virus and anti-spyware software, and installing patches as they become available through Windows Update.

See also[]

  • General
    • Microsoft
  • Further reading
    • Architecture of the Windows NT operating system line
    • History of Microsoft Windows
    • List of Microsoft Windows components
    • Microsoft Windows topics
    • Windows Explorer
    • Windows Genuine Advantage
    • Windows Media

References[]

  1. ↑ «The Unusual History of Microsoft Windows». Retrieved April 22, 2007.
  2. ↑ Keizer, Gregg (July 14, 2014). «Microsoft gets real, admits its device share is just 14%». IDG. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. «[Microsoft’s chief operating officer] Turner’s 14% came from a new forecast released last week by Gartner, which estimated Windows’ share of the shipped device market last year was 14%, and would decrease slightly to 13.7% in 2014. [..] Android will dominate, Gartner said, with a 48% share this year»
  3. ↑ «Xbox One Architecture Finally Explained — Runs OS ‘Virtually Indistinguishable’ from Windows 8». WCCFtech. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Windows 11 available on October 5 by Aaron Woodman, Microsoft. 2021-08-31.
  5. ↑ Microsoft releases Windows 11 preview, available to download now by Tom Warren, The Verge. 2021-06-28.
  6. ↑ Windows 11 release date is October 5 by George Cox, The Spectrum. 2021-09-13.
  7. ↑ Windows 11, version 22H2 known issues and notifications, Microsoft. 2022-09-22.
  8. ↑ Windows 11 25201 gets new ‘Rename this PC’ and date/time picker UI, here is how to enable it, by Taras Buria, NeoWin. 2022-09-15.
  9. ↑ Microsoft moves to new Windows development cycle with major release every three years, feature drops in between by Zac Bowden, Windows Central. 2022-07-15.
  10. ↑ Microsoft accidentally revealed a UI design prototype for the next version of Windows at Ignite 2022 by Zac Bowden, Windows Central. 2022-10-13.
  11. ↑ Microsoft quietly stomps into Windows 11 Zinc development semester by Sayan Sen, Neowin. 2022-12-13.
  12. ↑ Microsoft releases Windows 11 Build 23403 on the rebooted Dev Channel by Wayne Williams, BetaNews. 2023-03-08.

External links[]

Official[]

  • Microsoft’s Official Windows Website
  • Official Promotional Website (Windows.com)
  • Windows history time line from Microsoft
  • Windows official Twitter
  • Windows official YouTube channel

Tips and documentation[]

  • How to run multiple versions of Windows on one PC
  • Tech-Recipes Windows Guide – listing of almost 500 Windows Tutorials
  • The Windows Documentation Project (wiki)
  • Securing Microsoft Windows (for Home and Small Business Users)
  • Symantec Anti-Virus Research Center – excellent informational security resource, and Symantec are makers of Norton Anti-Virus (third party software sold separately).
  • dotwhat? — File Extension Listing – a huge listing of file extensions and the programs that use them
  • Windows – tips and tricks for Windows 98, ME, NT, 2000 and XP
  • Windows Support Script
  • The Windows Wiki
  • Vernalex’s Windows Services Utility – an unofficial list of most Windows services with detailed descriptions and recommended run states

Programming Microsoft Windows[]

  • Microsoft Development Network for programming Microsoft Windows
  • Windows API tutorial in C++

Libraries[]

  • RSWL – free Reliable Software C++ Windows API library.

Reviews and evaluation[]

  • Paul Thurrott’s SuperSite for Windows – an exhaustive evaluation of Microsoft’s products and technologies
  • «Time to Live on the Network» – a security study by Kevin Mitnick and AvantGarde (PDF)
  • Windows XP: rough around the edges – an UI review of Windows XP
  • Frank Mahler’s Interface Hall Of Shame (in German)
  • AOL/National Cyber Security Alliance Online Safety Study (October 2004) (PDF)
  • Interface Hall of Shame – an analysis of user interfaces with a focus on Windows

Other[]

  • Windows history – a Windows history time line graph by Éric Lévénez (detailed, continually updated)
  • GUIdebook: Windows Gallery – a website dedicated to preserving and showcasing graphical user interfaces
  • Windows 20th Birthday

Microsoft Windows family
Versions • Components • History
Original
DOS-based
Windows 1.0 • Windows 2.0 • Windows 2.1 (Windows/286 • Windows/386) • Windows 3.0 • Windows 3.1
Windows 9x
Windows 95 • Windows 98 • Windows Me
Windows NT
Early versions
Windows NT 3.1 • Windows NT 3.5 • Windows NT 3.51 • Windows NT 4.0 • Windows 2000
Client
Windows XP (development) • Windows Vista (editions • development) • Windows 7 (editions • development) • Windows 8 • Windows 10 • Windows 11
Windows Server
Server 2003 • Server 2008 (2008 R2) • HPC Server 2008 • Home Server • Small Business Server • Essential Business Server • Windows Server 2012 • Windows Server 2016 • Windows Server 2019 • Windows Server 2022
Specialized
Windows Embedded • Windows PE • Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
Mobile
Windows Mobile • Windows Phone
Cancelled
Cairo • Nashville • Neptune • Odyssey • Windows 10X
Related
Metro • Midori • OS/2 • Windows Aero • Windows Setup • Windows XP themes • Microsoft Plus!

Источник

Windows Server — это целая линейка операционных систем, которые Microsoft специально создает для использования на серверах. Windows Server выпускается под этим названием с момента выпуска Windows Server 2003. Однако даже до этого были доступны серверные версии Windows, например, Windows NT 4.0 была доступна как для обычных домашних компьютеров, так и для серверов.

Обычно каждый выпуск Windows Server соответствует обычной пользовательской версии Windows. Например, Windows Server 2003 — это серверная версия Windows XP, Windows Server 2016 основана на Windows 10 Anniversary Update, а Windows Server 2019, основана на версии Windows 10 версии 1809.

Windows Server

Картинка с сайта: wiki.merionet.ru

С первого взгляда не поймешь, чем Windows Server отличается от обычных версий Windows — рабочий стол выглядит так же, есть значки и даже есть кнопка Пуск. Поскольку Windows Server и обычная версия имеют общую базу кода, многие вещи можно делать одинаково и там, и там, например, загружать и устанавливать программы, а многие основные функции включены в Windows Server. Однако в Windows Server не получится найти различные свистелки для пользователя — например Microsoft Store или браузер Edge. Скажем так — серверная версия Windows отлично подходит для корпоративных целей, когда компании нужно создать внутренний или внешний сервис, который будет решать конкретную бизнес задачу.

Давайте теперь про основные различия: первое, что Windows Server включает в себя, это специальное корпоративное программное обеспечение, которое называется Enterprise Management Software

С помощью него можно давать серверу различные роли, например:

  • Роль Active Directory: это готовая роль, в которой сервер, сможет выступать как контроллер домена, и будет выполнять всю проверку подлинности учетных записей пользователей в компании.
  • Роль DHCP и DNS Server: сервер может автоматически назначать IP-адреса всем устройствам в сети, и резолвить адреса.
  • Быть файловым хранилищем: хранить важные файлы и устанавливать порядок доступа к ним.
  • Службы печати: позволяет обеспечивать общий доступ к принтерам и сканнерам.
  • Службы обновления Windows: можно направлять все обновления рабочей станции через этот сервер и настраивать определенные правила их работы.
  • Веб сервер: позволяет поднимать на этом сервере сервисы, которые будут доступны для других пользователей через web-доступ.

И это лишь малая часть возможных ролей в Windows Server. Очень часто кампании имеют больше одного сервера, и конечно же разделяют разные роли между ними.

Еще одним важным отличие серверной Windows от пользовательской, это меньшее количество аппаратных ограничений. Например, Windows 10 позволяет юзерам устанавливать 2 ТБ оперативной памяти, что кажется и так очень много, но Windows Server предоставляет до 24 ТБ ОЗУ, потому что компаниям нужны большие мощности. Представь сервер, на котором крутятся десятки виртуальных машин! Конечно ему потребуется много оперативной памяти. А еще Windows Server может обрабатывать больше ядер и процессоров, так как имеет 64 сокета.

Помнишь мы сказали, что Windows Server выглядит так же как обычный Windows? Да, но серверная Windows может вообще работать без графической оболочки! Windows Server можно установить двух формах — Server Core или Desktop Experience.

Если вы отдадите предпочтение Windows Server Core без графического интерфейса, то будете наслаждаться управлением сервером через командную строку PowerShell, или сможете накатить инструмент с графическим интерфейсом, например RSAT (Remote Server Administration Tools) или Windows Admin Center. Не подумайте, это не мазохизм — это позволяет снизить нагрузку на сервер убрав “тяжелый” интерфейс. А еще многим администраторам, зачастую, удобнее работать с конмадной строке.

RSAT

Картинка с сайта: wiki.merionet.ru

Что выбрать под мой сервак, спросишь ты? Linux или Windows? Зависит от цели: Linux экономичнее и по деньгам, и по ресурсам, но если ты работаешь с инфраструктурой Microsoft, то тут нужно определенно выбирать Windows Server.

Источник

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