Все команды cmd windows 11

Многие пользователи Windows 11 предпочитают для работы с ОС графический интерфейс, но командная строка предоставляет непревзойденный контроль над системой. Освоив несколько основных команд, вы сможете быстрее перемещаться по файловой системе, диагностировать проблемы и эффективно выполнять административные задачи, экономя свое время и усилия.

Прежде чем мы перейдем к командам, давайте разберемся с некоторыми терминами:

• Командная строка – текстовый интерфейс для взаимодействия с операционной системой, в отличие от графического. Вы вводите команды, и система их выполняет.
• Каталог (папка) – место хранения файлов и других папок. cd (сменить каталог) помогает перемещаться между ними.
• Путь – это маршрут к файлу или папке в файловой системе. Например: C:\Users\YourName\Documents.
• Корневой каталог — это основание файловой системы, обычно диск C:\.
• Атрибуты файла — свойства файла, например, «скрытый», «только для чтения» или «системный».
• IP-адрес — уникальный адрес компьютера в сети.
• DNS-сервер — сервер, преобразующий доменные имена (например, google.com) в IP-адреса.
• Пакет – небольшой блок данных, отправляемый по сети.
• PID (Идентификатор процесса) – уникальный номер, присвоенный каждому выполняющемуся процессу.
• Модуль (DLL) — это библиотека программного кода, которую используют другие программы.
• Служба — программа, как правило работающая в фоновом режиме, без прямого взаимодействия с пользователем.

Для использования команд, откройте «Командную строку» Windows, это можно легко сделать нажав сочетание клавиш Win+R , в диалоговом окне «Выполнить» введите cmd  и нажмите «ОК», или запустите приложение «Windows Terminal», а затем откройте вкладку «Командная строка».

1. cd (Сменить каталог)

   Команда cd позволяет перемещаться между папками.

   

   Картинка с сайта: g-ek.com

   • Пример: cd C:\Users\YourName – переходит в папку вашей учетной записи.
   • cd .. – перемещает вас на один уровень вверх.
   • cd \ – перемещает вас в корневой каталог текущего диска.
   • cd / – (в некоторых системах) также переводит вас в корневой каталог.

2. dir (Каталог)

   Команда dir показывает содержимое текущего каталога.

   

   Картинка с сайта: g-ek.com

   • Пример: dir – выводит список содержимого текущего каталога.
   • dir /P – выводит список содержимого с паузами после каждого заполнения экрана.
   • dir /AH – показывает все скрытые файлы.

   Особые случаи:

   • /P : Приостанавливает вывод после каждого заполнения экрана.
   • /W : Отображает вывод в широком формате.
   • /A : Отображает файлы с определенными атрибутами. Например:
     • /A:D показывает только каталоги.
     • /A:H показывает скрытые файлы.
     • /A:R показывает файлы только для чтения.
     • /A:S отображает системные файлы.
   • /O : Сортирует вывод. Например:
     • /O:N сортирует по имени (в алфавитном порядке).
     • /O:D сортирует по дате/времени.
     • /O:S сортирует по размеру.
   • /S : Отображает список всех файлов и подкаталогов.

3. mkdir (Создать каталог)

   Команда mkdir создает новые каталоги/папки.

   

   Картинка с сайта: g-ek.com

   • Пример: mkdir «My_Projects» – создает папку «My_Projects» в текущем каталоге.
   • Пример: mkdir «C:\Users\YourName\Documents\My_Projects» – создает папку «My_Projects» в папке «Documents».

4. rmdir (Удалить каталог)

   Команда rmdir удаляет пустые каталоги.

   

   Картинка с сайта: g-ek.com

   • Пример: rmdir «My_Projects» – удаляет папку «My_Projects», если она пуста.
   • Пример: rd /s /q «My_Projects» – удаляет папку «My_Projects» и ее содержимое. Внимание: Используйте с осторожностью!

5. copy (Копировать)

   Команда copy копирует файлы из одного места в другое.

   • Пример: copy file1.txt C:\Backup – копирует file1.txt в папку C:\Backup.
   • Пример: copy *.jpg C:\Backup – копирует все файлы .jpg в папку C:\Backup.
   • Пример: copy D:\My_Files\Report.docx C:\Users\YourName\Documents – копирует файл Report.docx.
   • Пример: copy file1.txt C:\Backup /Y – копирует, перезаписывая существующие файлы.

6. del (Удалить)

   Команда del удаляет файлы.

   • Пример: del file1.txt – удаляет file1.txt.
   • Пример: del *.jpg – удаляет все файлы .jpg.
   • Пример: del *.jpg /f – принудительно удаляет файлы «только для чтения».

   Внимание: Файлы удаляются безвозвратно, минуя Корзину.

7. ren (Переименовать)

   Команда ren переименовывает файлы или папки.

   • Пример: ren old_file.txt new_file.txt – переименовывает old_file.txt в new_file.txt.
   • Пример: ren «old_folder» «new_folder» – переименовывает папку old_folder в new_folder.

8. cls (Очистить экран)

   Команда cls очищает содержимое экрана.

   Пример: cls

9. ipconfig (Конфигурация интернет-протокола)

   Команда ipconfig показывает информацию о сетевых подключениях.

   • Пример: ipconfig – выводит основную сетевую информацию.
   • Пример: ipconfig /all – выводит более подробную информацию.
   • Пример: ipconfig /release – освобождает текущий IP-адрес.
   • Пример: ipconfig /renew – запрашивает новый IP-адрес.
   • Пример: ipconfig /flushdns – очищает кэш DNS.

   Обычно, для обновления конфигурации сети используйте последовательность: ipconfig /release, а затем ipconfig /renew.

10. ping

    Команда ping проверяет сетевое подключение к указанному адресу.

    • Пример: ping google.com – проверяет подключение к google.com.
    • Пример: ping 8.8.8.8 – проверяет подключение к публичному DNS-серверу Google.

    Успешный ping показывает время отклика, а неудачный — сообщение «Превышен интервал ожидания для запроса».

11. tracert (Трассировка маршрута)

    Команда tracert показывает путь, который проходят пакеты данных до места назначения.

    • Пример: tracert google.com – отслеживает маршрут к серверам Google.

12. shutdown (Выключение)

    Команда shutdown управляет выключением и перезапуском компьютера.

    • shutdown /s – немедленно выключает компьютер.
    • shutdown /s /t 60 – выключает компьютер через 60 секунд.
    • shutdown /r – немедленно перезагружает компьютер.
    • shutdown /r /t 30 – перезагружает компьютер через 30 секунд.
    • shutdown /L – выходит из текущей учетной записи.
    • shutdown /a – отменяет ожидающее выключение или перезагрузку.

13. tasklist (Список задач)

    Команда tasklist отображает список активных процессов.

    • Пример: tasklist – показывает список процессов с основными данными.
    • Пример: tasklist /V – показывает список процессов с подробными данными.
    • Пример: tasklist /M ИМЯ-МОДУЛЯ – показывает процессы, использующие указанный модуль (например, DLL).
    • Пример: tasklist /SVC – показывает службы, размещенные в каждом процессе.
    • Пример: tasklist /FI ФИЛЬТР – фильтрует вывод по критериям.

14. taskkill (Завершить задачу)

    Команда taskkill завершает выполняющиеся процессы.

    • Пример: taskkill /IM notepad.exe – завершает процесс «notepad.exe».
    • Пример: taskkill /PID 1237 – завершает процесс с PID 1237.
    • Пример: taskkill /F /IM explorer.exe – принудительно завершает процесс «explorer.exe».

15. chkdsk (Проверка диска)

    Команда chkdsk проверяет диск на наличие ошибок и поврежденных секторов.

    • Пример: chkdsk C: /f – проверяет диск C: и исправляет ошибки.
    • Пример: chkdsk C: /r – проверяет диск C:, исправляет ошибки и восстанавливает данные.
    • Пример: chkdsk C: /x – отключает диск перед запуском проверки.

    Проверка диска, особенно с параметром /r, может занять значительное время.

16. sfc /scannow (Проверка системных файлов)

    Команда sfc /scannow сканирует и восстанавливает поврежденные системные файлы.

    Пример: sfc /scannow

17. help (Справка)

    Команда help предоставляет информацию о других командах.

    • Пример: help dir – показывает справку по команде dir.
    • Пример: help – показывает список доступных команд.

18. exit (Выход)

    Команда exit закрывает текущее окно командной строки.

    Пример: exit

19. winget (Диспетчер пакетов Windows)

    Команда winget упрощает установку, обновление и управление приложениями.

    • Пример: winget search firefox – ищет приложения, соответствующие запросу «firefox».
    • Пример: winget install «Mozilla Firefox» – устанавливает браузер Mozilla Firefox.
    • Пример: winget upgrade «Mozilla Firefox» – обновляет браузер Mozilla Firefox.
    • Пример: winget uninstall «Mozilla Firefox» – удаляет браузер Mozilla Firefox.

20. sudo (Выполнить от имени суперпользователя)

    Команда sudo позволяет запускать команды от имени администратора.

    Пример: sudo del file.txt

    Примечание: Эта функция по умолчанию отключена. Для ее включения нужно перейти в Параметры > Система > Для разработчиков и активировать переключатель «Включить sudo».

Командная строка Windows 11 – мощный инструмент, который открывает расширенные возможности управления вашей системой. Используя эти 20 основных команд, вы сможете эффективнее работать, диагностировать проблемы и выполнять различные задачи с большей гибкостью. Помните, что практика – ключ к успеху. Экспериментируйте с командами, и вы быстро станете уверенным пользователем командной строки.

Learn essential Windows 11 CMD commands to enhance your productivity and manage your system effectively.

ipconfig /all

Getting Started with Windows 11 CMD

What is CMD?

CMD, short for Command Prompt, is a command-line interpreter application available in most Windows operating systems, including Windows 11. It allows users to execute commands to perform tasks within the system, which can be faster and more efficient than using a graphical user interface (GUI). Understanding how to navigate and utilize CMD is crucial for both novice and advanced users, as it grants powerful access to system operations, diagnostics, and automation.

How to Access CMD in Windows 11

To effectively use Windows 11 CMD commands, you first need to know how to access the Command Prompt. Here’s how:

• Using the Start Menu: Click on the Start button, type «cmd,» and select «Command Prompt» from the search results.
• Using the Run Dialog: Press `Windows + R`, type `cmd`, and hit Enter.
• Using Windows Terminal: If you have Windows Terminal installed, you can open it and select Command Prompt from the dropdown menu.

CMD User Interface

The CMD window presents a straightforward interface where users can input commands. While it’s relatively basic, customization options are available. You can adjust the font size and color settings by right-clicking on the title bar, selecting «Properties,» and modifying the appearance to suit your preferences.

Картинка с сайта: cmdmastery.com

Windows Cmd Commands List PDF: Quick Reference Guide

Basic CMD Commands

Navigating Directories

Understanding how to navigate directories is essential when using Windows 11 CMD commands.

• `cd` (Change Directory) is a command that allows users to navigate through folders.

  Syntax:

  cd [directory_path]
  

  Example:
  To change to a specific directory:

  cd C:\Users\YourUsername\Documents
  

  To go back to the previous directory:

  cd ..
  

• `dir` (Directory) lists all files and folders in the current directory, along with additional details about each item.

  Syntax:

  dir [directory_path]
  

  Example:
  To list files in the current directory:

  dir
  

File Manipulation Commands

CMD also provides powerful commands for managing files, which can greatly streamline your workflow.

• `copy` (Copy files) allows you to duplicate files.

  Syntax:

  copy [source] [destination]
  

  Example:
  To copy a file to another directory:

  copy C:\file.txt D:\
  

• `move` (Move files) is used for relocating files.

  Syntax:

  move [source] [destination]
  

  Example:
  To move a file to another folder:

  move C:\file.txt C:\NewFolder\
  

• `del` (Delete files) is a straightforward command to remove files.

  Syntax:

  del [file_path]
  

  Example:
  Permanently delete a file:

  del C:\file.txt
  

Картинка с сайта: cmdmastery.com

Windows Repair Cmd Commands: Quick and Easy Guide

Advanced CMD Commands

System Information and Maintenance

CMD is also instrumental in obtaining system information and maintaining performance.

• `ipconfig` provides detailed information about network configurations, including IP addresses and subnet masks.

  Example:
  To check your IP address:

  ipconfig
  

• `ping` is a command that tests the reachability of a host on an IP network, helpful for troubleshooting connectivity issues.

  Syntax:

  ping [hostname]
  

  Example:
  To ping a website:

  ping www.example.com
  

Disk Management Commands

Managing disk spaces and verifying their integrity can be effectively performed through CMD.

• `chkdsk` (Check Disk) checks the file system and file system metadata of a volume for logical and physical errors.

  Syntax:

  chkdsk [volume:] [/f] [/r]
  

  Example:
  To check and fix errors on the C: drive:

  chkdsk C: /f
  

• `format` is used to format a disk, preparing it for use by erasing the data.

  Syntax:

  format [volume:] [/fs:file_system]
  

  Example:
  To format a USB drive as FAT32:

  format E: /fs:FAT32
  

Картинка с сайта: cmdmastery.com

Unlocking Windows XP Cmd Exe Commands: A Quick Guide

CMD Scripting Basics

Introduction to Batch Files

Batch files are a series of commands saved in a single script file with a `.bat` extension. They facilitate automation of repetitive tasks, thus improving efficiency.

Creating a Simple Batch File

To create your first batch file, follow these simple steps:

1. Open Notepad or any text editor.
2. Type the commands you want to run:

   echo off
   echo Hello, World!
   pause
   

3. Save the file with a `.bat` extension, such as `hello.bat`.
4. Run the batch file by double-clicking it.

Картинка с сайта: cmdmastery.com

Unlocking Common Cmd Commands for Quick Mastery

Troubleshooting Common CMD Issues

Even veteran CMD users encounter roadblocks. Here are a few tips to troubleshoot common issues:

• Check Command Syntax: Always ensure your command is typed correctly without unnecessary spaces or typos.
• Permissions: Some commands require administrative privileges; if you face issues, try running CMD as an administrator.

Recommended commands for diagnostics include `tracert` (Trace Route) to check the path packets take to a target and `netstat` to view active network connections.

Картинка с сайта: cmdmastery.com

Windows Cmd Clear: Refresh Your Command Line Effortlessly

CMD Tricks and Tips

Enhancing Workflow with Shortcuts

Utilizing keyboard shortcuts can significantly enhance your productivity in CMD. A few useful ones include:

• `Ctrl + C`: Cancel command execution.
• `Up Arrow`: Retrieve previous command.
• `Tab`: Auto-complete file and directory names.

Custom Aliases and Commands

Creating custom commands can save you time when regularly using long commands. You can add them to your `profile` to make them available whenever CMD is opened.

Example: To create a custom shortcut for clearing the screen, add the following line in your batch script:

alias cls = clear

Картинка с сайта: cmdmastery.com

Directory Cmd Commands Made Easy for Beginners

Conclusion

Utilizing Windows 11 CMD commands can significantly enhance your efficiency and control over your system. From basic file navigation to advanced scripts, mastering these commands empowers you to streamline your workflow and troubleshoot effectively. Practice these commands regularly, and consider enrolling in our courses for deeper learning and using CMD like a pro!

Картинка с сайта: cmdmastery.com

Mastering the Virus Cmd Command in Quick Steps

Additional Resources

For further development of your CMD skills, consider exploring recommended reading materials, online forums, and tutorials. Also, don’t forget to check out the offerings from our company to take your knowledge of CMD to the next level!

Windows Command Prompt is not only useful but also a tool that you should give more respect to by knowing these cool cmd commands. Here is a list of the most used commands in the CMD window or prompt commands that you can type to perform certain tasks in windows.

Command Prompt is one of the most powerful tools in Windows, also known as CMD. CMD is the command-line interpreter on Windows operating systems. Command Prompt interacts with the user through a command-line interface.

Things were not always like this, but with the advent of GUI-based operating systems, people started feeling that computing through command-based tools was boring. This ultimately leads the command prompt into obscurity.

However, the command prompt is not useless. It can be pretty helpful. This article provides some excellent tricks, secrets, and hacks that will make you realize that the Windows Command Prompt is useful and a tool you should give more respect to by knowing these cool cmd commands. Here you will find lots of basic cmd commands, cmd commands for the network, cmd commands tricks, etc.

Also Read: How To Remove Computer Viruses Using CMD

To Open CMD, you need to search for CMD in the Search box, or you can press Windows Key + R, which will eventually open the Run window, where you need to type CMD and hit enter.

1. Accessibility Controls – zaccess.cpl

2. Accessibility Wizard – accwiz

3. Add Hardware Wizard – hdwwiz.cpl

4. Add/Remove Programs – appwiz.cpl

5. Administrative Tools – control admintools

6. Automatic Updates – wuaucpl.cpl

7. Bluetooth Transfer Wizard – fsquirt

8. Calculator – calc

9. Certificate Manager – certmgr.msc

10. Character Map – charmap

11. Check Disk Utility – chkdsk

12. Clipboard Viewer – clipbrd

13. Command Prompt – cmd

14. Component Services – dcomcnfg

15. Computer Management – compmgmt.msc

16. Control Panel – control

17. Date and Time Properties – timedate.cpl

18. DDE Shares – ddeshare

19. Device Manager – devmgmt.msc

20. Direct X Troubleshooter – dxdiag

21. Disk Cleanup Utility – cleanmgr

22. Disk Defragment – dfrg.msc

23. Disk Management – diskmgmt.msc

24. Disk Partition Manager – diskpart

25. Display Properties – control desktop

26. Display Properties – desk.cpl

27. Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility – drwtsn32

28. Driver Verifier Utility – verifier

29. Event Viewer – eventvwr.msc

30. Files and Settings Transfer Tool – migwiz

31. File Signature Verification Tool – sigverif

32. Findfast – findfast.cpl

33. Firefox – firefox

34. Folders Properties – control folders

35. Fonts – control fonts

36. Fonts Folder – fonts

37. Free Cell Card Game – freecell

38. Game Controllers – joy.cpl

39. Group Policy Editor (for xp professional) – gpedit.msc

40. Hearts Card Game – mshearts

41. Help and Support – helpctr

42. HyperTerminal – hypertrm

43. Iexpress Wizard – iexpress

44. Indexing Service – ciadv.msc

45. Internet Connection Wizard – icwconn1

46. Internet Explorer – iexplore

47. Internet Properties – inetcpl.cpl

48. Keyboard Properties – control keyboard

49. Local Security Settings – secpol.msc

50. Local Users and Groups – lusrmgr.msc

51. Logs You Out Of Windows – logoff

52. Malicious Software Removal Tool – mrt

53. Microsoft Chat – winchat

54. Microsoft Movie Maker – moviemk

55. Microsoft Paint – mspaint

56. Microsoft Syncronization Tool – mobsync

57. Minesweeper Game – winmine

58. Mouse Properties – control mouse

59. Mouse Properties – main.cpl

60. Netmeeting – conf

61. Network Connections – control netconnections

62. Network Connections – ncpa.cpl

63. Network Setup Wizard – netsetup.cpl

64. Notepad – notepad

65. Object Packager – packager

66. ODBC Data Source Administrator – odbccp32.cpl

67. On Screen Keyboard – osk

68. Outlook Express – msimn

69. Paint – pbrush

70. Password Properties – password.cpl

71. Performance Monitor – perfmon.msc

72. Performance Monitor – perfmon

73. Phone and Modem Options – telephon.cpl

74. Phone Dialer – dialer

75. Pinball Game – pinball

76. Power Configuration – powercfg.cpl

77. Printers and Faxes – control printers

78. Printers Folder – printers

79. Regional Settings – intl.cpl

80. Registry Editor – regedit

81. Registry Editor – regedit32

82. Remote Access Phonebook – rasphone

83. Remote Desktop – mstsc

84. Removable Storage – ntmsmgr.msc

85. Removable Storage Operator Requests – ntmsoprq.msc

86. Resultant Set of Policy (for xp professional) – rsop.msc

87. Scanners and Cameras – sticpl.cpl

88. Scheduled Tasks – control schedtasks

89. Security Center – wscui.cpl

90. Services – services.msc

91. Shared Folders – fsmgmt.msc

92. Shuts Down Windows – shutdown

93. Sounds and Audio – mmsys.cpl

94. Spider Solitare Card Game – spider

95. SQL Client Configuration – cliconfg

96. System Configuration Editor – sysedit

97. System Configuration Utility – msconfig

98. System Information – msinfo32

99. System Properties – sysdm.cpl

100. Task Manager – taskmgr

101. TCP Tester – tcptest

102. Telnet Client – telnet

103. User Account Management – nusrmgr.cpl

104. Utility Manager – utilman

105. Windows Address Book – wab

106. Windows Address Book Import Utility – wabmig

107. Windows Explorer – explorer.

108. Managing the Boot Configuration Data - bcdedit

109. Editing Boot Settings - bootcfg

110. Encrypting or Decrypting Files/folders - cipher

111. Clearing the screen - cls

112. Managing stored usernames/passwords - cmdkey

113. Changing CMD Color - color

114. Compressing one or more files - compress

115. Converting FAT drives to NTFS - convert

116. Delete files - del

117. Deleting User Profiles - delprof

118. Displaying the list of files and folders - dir

119. Displaying Message On Screen - echo

120. Deleting one or more files - erase

121. Opening the windows Explorer - explorer

122. Formatting a disk - format

123. Knowing file extension - ftype

124. Displaying the Mac Address - getmac

125. Online help - help

126. Displaying the host name - hostname

127. Editing disc label - label

128. Log a user off - logoff

129. Get a log time in a file - logtime

130. Creating .cab files - makecab

131. Creating new folders- md

132. Opening Windows Installer - msiexec

133. Managing the network resources - net

134. Knowing the permissions for a user - perms

135. Testing a network connecting - ping

136. Printing a text file - print

137. Shutdown computer - psshutdown

138. Checking free disk space - freedisk

139. Know the file and volume utilities - fsutil

140. File transfer protocl - ftp

141. Showing the space used in folders - diskuse

142. Deleting a folder and all subfolders - deltree

143. Importing or Exporting Active directory data - csvde

144. Displaying the resultant set of Policy information - gpresult

145. Updating the Group policy settings - gpupdate

146. Replacing the files that are currently in use by the os - inuse

147. Comparing two files - fc

148. Finding a text string in a file - find

149. Finding for a strings in file - findstr

150. Displaying the memory usage - mem

151. Remote desktop protocol - mstsc

152. Managing the domain - netdom

153. Manage the Background intelligent Transfer Service - bitsadmin

154. Enable Or disable Break Capability in CMD - break

155. Change the permissions of files - cacls

156. Call another batch program using one - call

157. Manage the certification authority files and services - certutil

158. Change the folder or go to a specific one - cd

159. Check the NTFS file system - chkntfs

160. Copy one or more files to other location - copy

161. show the mapping inbetween logical and physical processor - coreinfo

162. Import/Export data of an active directory - csvde

163. Display the date or change it - date

164. Display disk usage - diruse

165. View used space in folder - diskuse

166. Show the list of device drivers - driverquery

167. View objects in active directory - dsget

168. Modify objects in an active directory - dsmod

169. Display the print queue status - lpq

170. Display open files - open files

171. Monitor performance in CMD - perfmon

172. Shows remote Access service status - rasdial

173. Managing RAS connections - rasphone

174. Send A Message - msg

175. Create a symbolic Link - mklink

176. Send email from command line - mapisend

178. Manage the performance monitor logs - logman

179. Uncompress the CAB files - expand

180. Loop command - all options files, directory, and list - for

181. Move an active Directory Object - dsmove

182. In order to view items in the Active directory - dsget

183. View the Active directory ACLs - DSACLs

184. Client-side caching for offline files - CSCcmd

185. Monitor and log system activity (Windows event log) - sysmon

186. Edit file and folder permissions - subinacl

187. Save and change the current directory - pushd

188. Display user session - quser

189. Read, export, delete and set keys and values - reg registry

190. Register or unregister a DLL - regsvr32

191. Batch process multiple files - forfiles

192. Search for Items in Active directory - dsquery

193. Cleanup temp file, recycle bin - cleanmgr

194. Compare the contents of two sets of files - comp

195. show the map between logical and physical processor - coreinfo

196. Manage RAS connections - rasdial

197. kill process by process and name id - pskill

198. Disconnect the remote desktop session - tsdiscon

199. Edit the service principal name - setspn

200. Share a folder or printer rmtshare

201. Change the registry permissions - regini

202. Execute a program from different user account - runas

So, these are the best cmd commands. I hope these cmd commands will help you a lot. If you know some other cmd commands, let us know by commenting on the comment box below. Feel free to share this post with your friends!

The Windows Command Prompt (CMD) is a powerful tool that allows users to interact with their operating system through text-based commands. Whether you’re a beginner exploring CMD for the first time, an expert troubleshooting advanced issues, or just looking for utility-focused tasks, this guide has you covered.

In this guide, we will provide you with some of the most useful commands for the following:

• CMD Commands for Beginners
• CMD Commands for Experts
• CMD Commands for Utility
• CMD Commands for Troubleshooting
• CMD Commands for Students
• CMD Commands for Programmers

CMD Commands for Beginners

These commands are essential for users who are new to CMD and provide basic functionalities to help them navigate and perform simple tasks.

1. View Directory ‘dir‘

• Function: Displays the contents of the current directory.
• How to use: Type dir and press Enter. Use dir /s to include subdirectories.
• Use case: Quickly view files and folders in your current location.

Syntax: dir

2. Change Directories ‘cd’

• Function: Lets you navigate between folders.
• How to use: Type cd [folder_name] to move into a directory. Use cd .. to go up one level.
• Use case: Navigate to specific directories to manage files or execute commands

Syntax: cd [folder name]

3. Create a New Directory ‘mkdir’ or ‘md’

• Function: Allows you to create a new directory
• How to use: Type mkdir [file_name]– Here the new directory name is GFG
• Use case: When you need a new directory for any separate work, you may create a new directory

Syntax: mkdir [GFG]

4. Rename a File ‘ren’

• Function: Helps in renaming any file or directory.
• How to use: Type ren or rename [old_name] [new_name] and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new method of renaming file or any directory.

Syntax: ren xyz.txt newxyz.txt

5. Delete a File ‘del’

• Function: Lets you to remove one or more files
• How to use: Type del [file_name]– This will erase the provided file name
• Use case: This function allows you to erase any file if you’re unable to fetch

Syntax: del[file_name]

6. Close ‘exit’

• Function: Closes the Command Prompt window.
• How to use: Type exit and press Enter.
• Use case: Ends your session with CMD.

Syntax: exit

7. Clear Screen ‘cls’

• Function: Clears all text from the CMD window.
• How to use: Type cls and press Enter.
• Use case: Removes clutter after multiple commands

Syntax: cls

8. View Available Command ‘help’

• Function: Lists all available commands and their descriptions.
• How to use: Type help and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: help

9. Display or Set the System time ‘time’

• Function: Lets you set the system time or display the current time.
• How to use: Type time [new_time] and press Enter.
• Use case: Allows the user to set their system’s time without additional navigation

Syntax: time [new_time]

10. Copy Files ‘copy’

• Function: Lists all available commands and their descriptions.
• How to use: Type copy [source1] [destination2] and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: copy file.txt Backup\

CMD Commands for Experts

These commands are more advanced and suitable for users comfortable with troubleshooting and system management tasks.

1. System File Checker ‘sfc’

• Function: Scans and repairs corrupted system files.
• How to use: Type sfc /scannow in CMD (run as administrator).
• Use case: Fix system errors related to missing or corrupted files.

Syntax: sfc /scannow

2. Disk Error ‘chkdsk’

• Function: Scans the hard drive for bad sectors and file system errors.
• How to use: Type chkdsk [drive letter]: /f (e.g., chkdsk C: /f) in CMD.
• Use case: Identify and fix disk issues.

Syntax: chkdsk C: /f

3. View Running Processor ‘tasklist’

• Function: Displays all running processes and their details.
• How to use: Type tasklist to list processes. Use tasklist /fi "imagename eq [process name]" to filter.
• Use case: Identify resource-heavy or unresponsive processes.

Syntax: tasklist /fi "imagename eq [process name]

4. Restart ‘shutdown’

• Function: Allows you to shut down or restart the computer via CMD.
• How to use:
  • Shutdown: shutdown /s /f /t [seconds].
  • Restart: shutdown /r /f /t [seconds].
• Use case: Automate shutdown or restart tasks

Syntax: 
Shutdown: shutdown /s /f /t [seconds].
Restart: shutdown /r /f /t [seconds].

5. Network Statistics ‘netstat’

• Function: Displays active connections and listening ports.
• How to use: Type netstat to view all active connections.
• Use case: Diagnose network-related issues or monitor network activity.

Syntax: netstat

6. Kill a Running Process ‘taskkill’

• Function: Lets you terminate a process using its process ID (PID)
• How to use: Type taskkill /[PID] /F to terminate
• Use case: Can be helpful for terminating any dedicated PID.

Example (PID: 1124)

Syntax: taskkill /PID 11234 /F

7. View Saved Passwords ‘netsh wlan show profiles’

• Function: Retrieve the password of a saved Wi-Fi network.
• How to use: Type netsh wlan show profile name=”WiFi-Name” key=clear
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Example: netsh wlan show profile name="MyHomeWiFi" key=clear

CMD Commands for Utility

These commands are focused on specific tasks and utilities to enhance productivity and system performance.

1. Network Configuration ‘ipconfig’

• Function: Displays IP address, subnet mask, and gateway information.
• How to use:
  • Basic: Type ipconfig.
  • Detailed: Type ipconfig /all.
• Use case: Troubleshoot internet connectivity issues.

Syntax: ipconfig

2. Network Connectivity ‘ping’

• Function: Sends packets to test communication with another device or website.
• How to use: Type ping [destination] 
• Use case: Check if a device or website is reachable.

Syntax: ping geeksforgeeks.org

3. System Information ‘systeminfo’

• Function: Displays detailed information about your computer.
• How to use: Type systeminfo.
• Use case: Quickly access system specifications for troubleshooting or reporting.

Syntax: systeminfo

4. Trace Route ‘tracert’

• Function: Shows the path packets take to reach a specific destination.
• How to use: Type tracert [destination]
• Use case: Identify network bottlenecks or connectivity issues.

Syntax: tracert geeksforgeeks.org

5. Manage Drives ‘diskpart’

• Function: Opens a command-line utility for managing disk partitions.
• How to use: Type diskpart to enter the disk management interface.
• Use case: Create, delete, or modify partitions on your drives.

Syntax: diskpart

6. Delete a Directory ‘rmdir’

• Function: Removes directory from the origin
• How to use: Type rmdir [directory_name] and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Example: GFG – Directory name

Syntax: rmdir GFG

7. View ‘rmdir’

• Function: Removes directory from the origin
• How to use: Type rmdir [directory_name] and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Example: GFG - Directory name

8. Manage User Account ‘net user’

• Function: To list all the user accounts
• How to use: Type net user and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: net user username password /add

9. View Startup Programs ‘wmic startup get caption,command’

• Function: To check what programs launch on startup.
• How to use: Type wmic startup get caption,command, and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: wmic startup get caption,command

CMD Commands for Troubleshooting

1. File Comparison ‘fc’

• Function: Compares two files and highlights differences.
• How to use: Type fc [file1] [file2] to compare files.
• Use case: Detect changes or errors in files

Syntax: fc 1 2

2. Advanced Network Diagnostics ‘pathping’

• Function: Combines ping and tracert functionalities to provide detailed network path diagnostics.
• How to use: Type pathping [destination]
• Use case: Troubleshoot complex network issues.

Syntax: pathping geeksforgeeks.org

3. Registry Editor ‘regedit’

• Function: Launches the Windows Registry Editor.
• How to use: Type regedit to open the registry.
• Use case: Modify registry keys for advanced configuration or troubleshooting.

Syntax: regedit

4. View MAC ‘getmac’

• Function: Displays the MAC address of your network adapter.
• How to use: Type getmac to view the MAC address.
• Use case: Identify your device’s hardware address for network configurations

Syntax: getmac

5. Power Configuration ‘powercfg’

• Function: Displays and manages power settings.
• How to use: Type powercfg /[option] 
• Use case: Optimize power usage and troubleshoot battery issues.

Syntax: powercfg /energy for a detailed power usage report

6. Enable Boot Manager ‘bcdedit’

• Function: Used to modify boot configuration settings
• How to use: Type bcdedit / set current
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: bcdedit /set {current} bootmenupolicy standard

7. Format a Drive ‘format’

• Function: To erase any specific drive.
• How to use: Type format [drive]: /FS:NTFS and press Enter.
• Use case: Discover new commands and learn their functions.

Syntax: format D: /FS:NTFS

CMD Commands for Students

Students can use these commands to manage files, perform simple calculations, and even help with tasks like coding and studying.

1. Calculator ‘calc’

• Function: Opens the Windows Calculator application.
• How to use: Type calc and press Enter.
• Use case: Quickly open the calculator for

Syntax: calc

CMD Commands for Programmers

Programmers often use CMD to automate tasks, compile code, and test network functionality. These commands can be especially useful for developers working in command-line environments.

1. Compile Java Code ‘javac’

• Function: Compiles Java source files into bytecode.
• How to use: Type javac [file name].java to compile Java code.
• Use case: Compile and test Java programs directly from the command line.

Syntax: javac

2. Version Control ‘git’

• Function: Interacts with Git repositories from the command line.
• How to use: Type git [command]
• Use case: Manage version control, clone repositories, or push commits from the command line.

Syntax: git clone [repository URL]

3. Execute Python Script ‘python’

• Function: Runs Python scripts in the command prompt.
• How to use: Type python [script.py] to execute a Python program.
• Use case: Test and run Python code directly in the command line.

Syntax: python [script.py]

4. Run Node.js Scripts ‘node’

• Function: Executes Node.js scripts.
• How to use: Type node [script.js] to run a JavaScript file using Node.js.
• Use case: Run backend scripts and test JavaScript programs in the command line.

Syntax: node [script.js]

5. Node Package Manager ‘npm’

• Function: Installs and manages JavaScript packages.
• How to use: Type npm install [package] to install a package.
• Use case: Manage dependencies and libraries in Node.js applications.

Syntax: npm install [package]

Bonus: CMD Tricks and Tips

To make CMD usage even more efficient, here are some bonus tips:

1. Save CMD Output to a File

Use the > operator to save the output of a command to a text file.

2. Open CMD in a Specific Directory

Instead of navigating manually, you can directly open CMD in a folder by typing cmd in the File Explorer’s address bar.

3. Use && for Multiple Commands

You can run multiple commands sequentially:

ipconfig && ping google.com

Conclusion

Mastering the most useful CMD commands in Windows can empower you to perform tasks more efficiently, troubleshoot problems, and gain deeper control over your system. By familiarizing yourself with these essential CMD commands, you’ll be better equipped to handle a variety of situations, from simple file management to advanced system configurations. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced user, these commands are invaluable tools to have at your disposal.