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This post was most recently updated on December 11th, 2024.
3 min read.
… or “How to bang your head on a wall for hours on end when developing a MAUI application?” 😂
This article explains how to fix a surprising error you might get when trying to run a MAUI app in Windows. For me, it was thrown when I was simply reading a file from the disk, but I suspect the same or similar error (“System.TypeInitializationException: ‘The type initializer for ‘WinRT.ActivationFactory`1′ threw an exception.’ – COMException: ClassFactory cannot supply requested class”) can probably be thrown for other reasons as well.
Anyway – let’s take a closer look at the issue and when it was thrown for me, shall we?
Problem
Table of Contents
The error gets thrown at perhaps the unlikeliest part of your code ever. When you’re reading a file with System.IO.File on Windows. Like – shouldn’t System.IO stuff work in platform-specific MAUI builds? And it works just fine on Android. But on Windows, this code throws:
using Stream fileStream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(filePath);
using StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(fileStream);
var c = await reader.ReadToEndAsync();
And the error you get is a pretty drastic one:
System.TypeInitializationException: 'The type initializer for 'WinRT.ActivationFactory`1' threw an exception.' COMException: ClassFactory cannot supply requested class
Perhaps you can get similar errors for different reasons, too. But I suspect the fix might quite often be the same, as far as you’re trying to build stuff with MAUI.
Okay – so what to do to fix the issue at hand?
Solution
Annoying, but I haven’t found the proper fix to this. That’s not to say I wouldn’t have got a pretty good set of workarounds documented below for trying out! 😁
Time needed: 30 minutes
Solving “System.TypeInitializationException: ‘The type initializer for ‘WinRT.ActivationFactory`1’ threw an exception.’” in MAUI app?
- Restart Visual Studio
Boring, but it’s a good idea to start by restarting Visual Studio.
- Restart your machine
Even more boring, but restarting your machine is the next step. I had to restart mine before the next steps actually worked.
So since you’ll probably need to do this anyway, probably a good idea to try it first before trying the long-running commands in steps 3 & 4.
Come back when you’re done!
- Disable packaging in Windows to avoid unnecessary broken dependencies
Having tried turning it off and on again, now it’s the time to look into actual solutions.
In case you’re missing the following property in your project’s .csproj file’s <PropertyGroup></PropertyGroup> -node, you could try adding it (unless you want to publish an appx package, and I don’t think anyone does?)
<WindowsPackageType>None</WindowsPackageType>
I haven’t verified this works, as it was suggested by a reader – thanks for the contribution, @takipsizad!
- Repair .NET workloads
The following command – run in Visual Studio Developer Shell (or in any other shell, really) – should fix your workloads if they’re broken for whatever reason. I suppose this should’ve fixed the issue for me, but it didn’t.
dotnet workload repair
- Reinstall maui-windows workload
Maybe just your maui-windows .NET workload has broken. And maybe workload repair didn’t fix it for whatever reason. Who knows – it’s easy enough to try just reinstalling maui-windows – and somehow this one finally fixed the issue for me:
dotnet workload install maui-windows
Hope this helps! If you’ve figured out other ways to fix this, let me know in the comments section below!
References
A couple of sources I found useful in the investigation:
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/tools/dotnet-workload-install
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/1087945/there-is-no-runtime-pack-availabel-for-microsoft-a
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/package-and-deploy/project-properties
- Author
- Recent Posts
Antti Koskela is a proud digital native nomadic millennial full stack developer (is that enough funny buzzwords? That’s definitely enough funny buzzwords!), who works as Solutions Architect for Precio Fishbone, building delightful Digital Workplaces.
He’s been a developer from 2004 (starting with PHP and Java), and he’s been working on .NET projects, Azure, Office 365, SharePoint and a lot of other stuff. He’s also Microsoft MVP for Azure.
This is his personal professional (e.g. professional, but definitely personal) blog.
<< Back to C-SHARP
Understand the TypeInitializationException, which indicates a static constructor error.
TypeInitializationException occurs when a static constructor has an error. It is thrown from static constructors. It actually wraps the errors from static constructors. It cannot be reliably trapped outside of the static constructor.StaticException
Example. We test this exception in an example program. This program shows that this exception in the .NET Framework is raised when any exception is thrown inside a type initializer, also called a static constructor.
Info: The runtime wraps any exception raised in the static constructor inside a TypeInitializationException.
And: The InnerException is the original cause of the problem. The TypeInitializationException is only raised from type initializers.
C# program that throws TypeInitializationException
using System;
class Program
{
static Program()
{
//
// Static constructor for the program class.
// … Also called a type initializer.
// … It throws an exception in runtime.
//
int number = 100;
int denominator = int.Parse(«0»);
int result = number / denominator;
Console.WriteLine(result);
}
static void Main()
{
// Entry point.
}
}
Output
Unhandled Exception:
System.TypeInitializationException
: The type initializer for
‘Program’ threw an exception. —>
System.DivideByZeroException: Attempted to divide by zero.
at Program..cctor….
— End of inner exception stack trace —
at Program.Main()
Notes, program. When Main is reached, the static Program constructor is executed. The code in the static constructor attempts to divide by zero. This causes a DivideByZeroException to be thrown.
And: The runtime then wraps this exception inside a TypeInitializationException.
Fix. To fix this error, you can add try-catch blocks around the body of the static constructor that throws it. If you try to catch the exception inside the Main method, you will not capture it in this program.TryCatch
However: If you wrap the body of the static constructor in a try-catch block, you will capture it.
Summary. TypeInitializationException is used to wrap exceptions inside type initializers, also called static constructors. This is a special-purpose exception. Often these errors will be fatal to the program’s correct execution.
Sometimes: Programs will use static constructors to ensure certain constraints are met at startup.
And: The TypeInitializationException then is thrown when the constraints are not met.
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yar1k0v
Дата: 01.06.2013
|
Код
System.TypeInitializationException was unhandled HResult=-2146233036 Message=Инициализатор типа "StockSharp.Algo.Licensing.LicenseHelper" выдал исключение. Source=StockSharp.Algo TypeName=StockSharp.Algo.Licensing.LicenseHelper StackTrace: в StockSharp.Algo.Licensing.LicenseHelper.StartValidation(Object feature, Action failedAction) в StockSharp.Algo.BaseTrader..ctor(Platforms platform, Boolean checkLicense) в StockSharp.Quik.QuikTrader..ctor(String path) в FSpreader.MainWindow.<ConnectBtn_Click>d__9.MoveNext() в c:\Users\Yaroslav\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\FSpreader\FSpreader\MainWindow.xaml.cs:строка 56 --- Конец трассировка стека из предыдущего расположения, где возникло исключение --- в System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncMethodBuilderCore.<ThrowAsync>b__0(Object state) в System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs) в MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler) в System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeImpl() в System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean preserveSyncCtx) в System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean preserveSyncCtx) в System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) в System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.Invoke() в System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.ProcessQueue() в System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.WndProcHook(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled) в MS.Win32.HwndWrapper.WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled) в MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.DispatcherCallbackOperation(Object o) в System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs) в MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler) в System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.LegacyInvokeImpl(DispatcherPriority priority, TimeSpan timeout, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs) в MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.SubclassWndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) в MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessage(MSG& msg) в System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(DispatcherFrame frame) в System.Windows.Application.RunInternal(Window window) в System.Windows.Application.Run() в FSpreader.App.Main() в c:\Users\Yaroslav\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\FSpreader\FSpreader\obj\Debug\App.g.cs:строка 0 в System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(RuntimeAssembly assembly, String[] args) в Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssembly() в System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean preserveSyncCtx) в System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean preserveSyncCtx) в System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) в System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart() InnerException: System.IO.FileNotFoundException HResult=-2147024894 Message=Невозможно загрузить файл или сборку "Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Security.Cryptography, Version=5.0.505.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" или один из зависимых от них компонентов. Не удается найти указанный файл. Source=StockSharp.Algo FileName=Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Security.Cryptography, Version=5.0.505.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null FusionLog==== Информация о состоянии предварительной привязки === Журнал: User = YAR1K-SURFACE\yar1k Журнал: DisplayName = Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Security.Cryptography, Version=5.0.505.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null (Fully-specified) Журнал: Appbase = file:///C:/Users/Yaroslav/Documents/Visual Studio 2012/Projects/FSpreader/FSpreader/bin/Debug/ Журнал: Initial PrivatePath = NULL Вызов сборки: StockSharp.Algo, Version=4.1.13.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null. === Журнал: данная привязка начинается в контексте загрузки default. Журнал: используется файл конфигурации приложения: C:\Users\Yaroslav\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\FSpreader\FSpreader\bin\Debug\FSpreader.vshost.exe.Config. Журнал: используется файл конфигурации главного узла: Журнал: используется файл конфигурации компьютера из C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config. Журнал: политика в данный момент не применяется к ссылке (личная, пользовательская, частичная привязка сборки или привязка по местоположению). Журнал: попытка загрузки нового URL file:///C:/Users/Yaroslav/Documents/Visual Studio 2012/Projects/FSpreader/FSpreader/bin/Debug/Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Security.Cryptography.DLL. Журнал: попытка загрузки нового URL file:///C:/Users/Yaroslav/Documents/Visual Studio 2012/Projects/FSpreader/FSpreader/bin/Debug/Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Security.Cryptography/Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Security.Cryptography.DLL. Журнал: попытка загрузки нового URL file:///C:/Users/Yaroslav/Documents/Visual Studio 2012/Projects/FSpreader/FSpreader/bin/Debug/Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Security.Cryptography.EXE. Журнал: попытка загрузки нового URL file:///C:/Users/Yaroslav/Documents/Visual Studio 2012/Projects/FSpreader/FSpreader/bin/Debug/Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Security.Cryptography/Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Security.Cryptography.EXE. StackTrace: в StockSharp.Algo.Licensing.LicenseHelper..cctor() InnerException: