Switch python version windows

Последнее обновление: 16.12.2022

На одной рабочей машине одновременно может быть установлено несколько версий Python. Это бывает полезно, когда идет работа с некоторыми внешними библиотеками, которые поддерживают разные версии python, либо в силу каких-то
других причин нам надо использовать несколько разных версий. Например, на момент написания статьи последней и актуальной является версия Python 3.11.
Но, допустим, необходимо также установить версию 3.10, как в этом случае управлять отдельными версиями Python?

Windows

На странице загрузок https://www.python.org/downloads/ мы можем найти ссылку на нужную версию:

Картинка с сайта: metanit.com

И также загрузить ее и установить:

Картинка с сайта: metanit.com

Чтобы при использовании интерпретатора Python не прописывать к нему весь путь, добавим при установке его в переменные среды. Но здесь надо учитывать, что в переменных среды
может содержаться несколько путей к разным интерпретаторам Python:

Картинка с сайта: metanit.com

Та версия Python, которая находится выше, будет версией по умолчанию. С помощью кнопки «Вверх» можно нужную нам версию переместить в начало, сделав версией по умолчанию.
Например, в моем случае это версия 3.11. Соответственно, если я введу в терминале команду

или

то консоль отобразит версию 3.11:

C:\python>python --version
Python 3.11.0

Для обращения к версии 3.10 (и всем другим версиям) необходимо использовать указывать номер версии:

C:\python>py -3.10 --version
Python 3.10.9

например, выполнение скрипта hello.py с помощью версии 3.10:

Подобным образом можно вызывать и другие версии Python.

MacOS

На MacOS можно установить разные версии, например, загрузив с официального сайта пакет установщика для определенной версии.

Для обращения к определенной версии Python на MacOS указываем явным образом подверсию в формате python3.[номер_подверсии]. Например, у меня установлена версия
Python 3.10. Проверим ее версию:

Аналогично обращении к версии python3.9 (при условии если она установлена)

К примеру выполнение скрипта hello.py с помощью версии python 3.10:

Linux

На Linux также можно установить одновременно несколько версий Python. Например, установка версий 3.10 и 3.11:

sudo apt-get install python3.10
sudo apt-get install python3.11

Одна из версий является версий по умолчанию. И для обращения к ней достаточно прописать python3, например, проверим версию по умолчанию:

Для обращения к другим версиям надо указывать подверсию:

python3.10 --version
python3.11 --version

Например, выполнение скрипта hello с помощью версии Python 3.10:

Но может сложиться ситуация, когда нам надо изменить версию по умолчанию. В этом случае применяется команда update-alternatives для связывания
определенной версии Python с командой python3. Например, мы хотим установить в качестве версии по умолчанию Python 3.11. В этом случае последовательно выполним следующие команды:

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.10 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.11 2

Числа справа указывают на приоритет/состояние. Так, для версии 3.11 указан больший приоритет, поэтому при обращении к python3 будет использоваться именно версия 3.11 (в моем случае это Python 3.11.0rc1)

Картинка с сайта: metanit.com

С помощью команды

sudo update-alternatives --config python3

можно изменить версию по умолчанию

Картинка с сайта: metanit.com

Python · October 25, 2024

pyenv for Windows

pyenv is a great tool. We have ported it to Windows. We need your thoughts to improve this library and your feedback helps to grow the project.

For existing python users, we support installation via pip.

Contributors and Interested people can join us on @Slack. Your help keeps us motivated!

• Introduction
• pyenv
• pyenv-win commands
• Installation
• Usage
• How to update pyenv
• Announcements
• FAQ
• How to contribute
• Bug Tracker and Support
• License and Copyright
• Author and Thanks

Introduction

pyenv for python is a great tool but, like rbenv for ruby developers, it doesn’t directly support Windows. After a bit of research and feedback from python developers, I discovered they wanted a similar feature for Windows systems.

This project was forked from rbenv-win and modified for pyenv. It is now fairly mature, thanks to help from many different contributors.

pyenv is a simple python version management tool. It lets you easily switch between multiple versions of Python. It’s simple, unobtrusive, and follows the UNIX tradition of single-purpose tools that do one thing well.

pyenv-win commands

   commands     List all available pyenv commands
   local        Set or show the local application-specific Python version
   global       Set or show the global Python version
   shell        Set or show the shell-specific Python version
   install      Install 1 or more versions of Python 
   uninstall    Uninstall 1 or more versions of Python
   update       Update the cached version DB
   rehash       Rehash pyenv shims (run this after switching Python versions)
   vname        Show the current Python version
   version      Show the current Python version and its origin
   version-name Show the current Python version
   versions     List all Python versions available to pyenv
   exec         Runs an executable by first preparing PATH so that the selected Python
   which        Display the full path to an executable
   whence       List all Python versions that contain the given executable

Installation

Currently we support following ways, choose any of your comfort:

• Power Shell — easiest way
• Git Commands — default way + adding manual settings
• Pyenv-win zip — manual installation
• Python pip — for existing users
• Chocolatey
• How to use 32-train
  • check announcements

Hurray! When you are done here are steps to Validate

NOTE: If you are running Windows 10 1905 or newer, you might need to disable the built-in Python launcher via Start > «Manage App Execution Aliases» and turning off the «App Installer» aliases for Python

Power Shell

The easiest way to install pyenv-win is to run the following installation command in a PowerShell terminal:

Invoke-WebRequest -UseBasicParsing -Uri "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win/master/pyenv-win/install-pyenv-win.ps1" -OutFile "./install-pyenv-win.ps1"; &"./install-pyenv-win.ps1"

If you are getting any UnauthorizedAccess error as below then start Windows PowerShell with the «Run as administrator» option and run Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope LocalMachine, now re-run the above installation command.

& : File C:\Users\kirankotari\install-pyenv-win.ps1 cannot be loaded because running scripts is disabled on this system. For
more information, see about_Execution_Policies at https:/go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170.
At line:1 char:173
+ ... n.ps1" -OutFile "./install-pyenv-win.ps1"; &"./install-pyenv-win.ps1"
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 + CategoryInfo          : SecurityError: (:) [], PSSecurityException 
 + FullyQualifiedErrorId : UnauthorizedAccess

For more information on ‘digitally signed’ or ‘Security warning’ you can refer to following issue #332

Installation is complete!

Git Commands

The default way to install pyenv-win, it needs git commands you need to install git/git-bash for windows

If you are using PowerShell or Git Bash use $HOME instead of %USERPROFILE%

git clone using command prompt git clone https://github.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win.git "%USERPROFILE%\.pyenv"

steps to add System Settings

Note: Don’t forget the check above link, it contains final steps to complete.

Installation is complete!

Pyenv-win zip

Manual installation steps for pyenv-win

If you are using PowerShell or Git Bash use $HOME instead of %USERPROFILE%

1. Download pyenv-win.zip

2. Create a .pyenv directory using command prompt mkdir %USERPROFILE%/.pyenv if not exist

3. Extract and move files to %USERPROFILE%\.pyenv\

4. Ensure there is a bin folder under %USERPROFILE%\.pyenv\pyenv-win

steps to add System Settings

Note: Don’t forget the check above link, it contains final steps to complete.

Installation is complete!

Python pip

For existing python users

If you are using PowerShell or Git Bash use $HOME instead of %USERPROFILE%

installation command via command prompt
pip install pyenv-win --target %USERPROFILE%\\.pyenv

if you having an error on above command use the folllowing to resolve it. ref. link #303
pip install pyenv-win --target %USERPROFILE%\\.pyenv --no-user --upgrade

steps to add System Settings

Note: Don’t forget the check above link, it contains final steps to complete.

Installation is complete!

Chocolatey

This needs choco commands to install, installation link

Chocolatey command choco install pyenv-win

Chocolatey page: pyenv-win

Installation is complete!

Validate Installation

Add System Settings

It’s a easy way to use PowerShell here

1. Adding PYENV, PYENV_HOME and PYENV_ROOT to your Environment Variables

[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('PYENV',$env:USERPROFILE + "\.pyenv\pyenv-win\","User")

[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('PYENV_ROOT',$env:USERPROFILE + "\.pyenv\pyenv-win\","User")

[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('PYENV_HOME',$env:USERPROFILE + "\.pyenv\pyenv-win\","User")

1. Now adding the following paths to your USER PATH variable in order to access the pyenv command

[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('path', $env:USERPROFILE + "\.pyenv\pyenv-win\bin;" + $env:USERPROFILE + "\.pyenv\pyenv-win\shims;" + [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('path', "User"),"User")

Installation is done. Hurray!

How to use 32-train

Using Git

1. For 32-train prerequisite is installing pyenv-win using Git
2. Go to .pyenv dir command cd %USERPROFILE%\.pyenv
3. run git checkout -b 32bit-train origin/32bit-train
4. run pyenv --version and you should see 2.32.x

Using pip

1. run pip install pyenv-win==2.32.x --target %USERPROFILE%\.pyenv

2. steps to add System Settings

Using Zip

1. Download pyenv-win.zip

2. Follow step 2 from Pyenv-win zip

3. steps to add System Settings

Validate

1. Reopen the command prompt and run pyenv --version
2. Now type pyenv to view it’s usage

If you are getting «command not found» error, check the below note and manually check the settings

For Visual Studio Code or another IDE with a built in terminal, restart it and check again

Manually check the settings

Ensure all environment variables are properly set via the GUI:

This PC 
   → Properties
      → Advanced system settings 
         → Advanced → Environment Variables... 
            → PATH

NOTE: If you are running Windows 10 1905 or newer, you might need to disable the built-in Python launcher via Start > «Manage App Execution Aliases» and turning off the «App Installer» aliases for Python

Usage

• To view a list of python versions supported by pyenv windows: pyenv install -l
• To filter the list: pyenv install -l | findstr 3.8
• To install a python version: pyenv install 3.5.2
  • Note: An install wizard may pop up for some non-silent installs. You’ll need to click through the wizard during installation. There’s no need to change any options in it. or you can use -q for quiet installation
  • You can also install multiple versions in one command too: pyenv install 2.4.3 3.6.8
• To set a python version as the global version: pyenv global 3.5.2
  • This is the version of python that will be used by default if a local version (see below) isn’t set.
  • Note: The version must first be installed.
• To set a python version as the local version: pyenv local 3.5.2.
  • The version given will be used whenever python is called from within this folder. This is different than a virtual env, which needs to be explicitly activated.
  • Note: The version must first be installed.
• After (un)installing any libraries using pip or modifying the files in a version’s folder, you must run pyenv rehash to update pyenv with new shims for the python and libraries’ executables.
  • Note: This must be run outside of the .pyenv folder.
• To uninstall a python version: pyenv uninstall 3.5.2
• To view which python you are using and its path: pyenv version
• To view all the python versions installed on this system: pyenv versions
• Update the list of discoverable Python versions using: pyenv update command for pyenv-win 2.64.x and 2.32.x versions

How to update pyenv

• If installed via pip
  • Add your pyenv-win installation path to easy_install.pth file located in site-packages. This should make pip recognise pyenv-win as installed.
  • Get updates via pip pip install --upgrade pyenv-win
• If installed via Git
  • Go to %USERPROFILE%\.pyenv\pyenv-win (which is your installed path) and run git pull
• If installed via zip
  • Download the latest zip and extract it
  • Go to %USERPROFILE%\.pyenv\pyenv-win and replace the folders libexec and bin with the new ones you just downloaded
• If installed via the installer
  • Run the following in a Powershell terminal: &"${env:PYENV_HOME}\install-pyenv-win.ps1"

Announcements

==================
To keep in sync with pyenv linux/mac, pyenv-win now installs 64bit versions by default. To support compatibility with older versions of pyenv-win, we maintain a 32bit train (branch) as a separate release.

Both releases can install 64bit and 32bit python versions; the difference is in version names, for example:

• 64bit-train (master), i.e. pyenv version 2.64.x

> pyenv install -l | findstr 3.8
....
3.8.0-win32
3.8.0
3.8.1rc1-win32
3.8.1rc1
3.8.1-win32
3.8.1
3.8.2-win32
3.8.2
3.9.0-win32
3.9.0
....

• 32bit-train, i.e. pyenv version 2.32.x

>pyenv install -l | findstr 3.8
....
3.8.0
3.8.0-amd64
3.8.1rc1
3.8.1rc1-amd64
3.8.1
3.8.1-amd64
3.8.2
3.8.2-amd64
....

==================
Support for Python versions below 2.4 have been dropped since their installers don’t install «cleanly» like versions from 2.4 onward and they’re predominantly out of use/support in most environments now.

==================

FAQ

• Question: Does pyenv for windows support python2?

  • Answer: Yes, We support python2 from version 2.4+ until python.org officially removes it.
  • Versions below 2.4 use outdated Wise installers and have issues installing multiple patch versions, unlike Windows MSI and the new Python3 installers that support «extraction» installations.

• Question: Does pyenv for windows support python3?

  • Answer: Yes, we support python3 from version 3.0. We support it from 3.0 until python.org officially removes it.

• Question: I am getting the issue batch file cannot be found. while installing python, what should I do?

  • Answer: You can ignore it. It’s just calling pyenv rehash command before creating the bat file on some devices.

• Question: System is stuck while uninstalling a python version

  • Answer: Navigate to the location where you installed pyenv, open its ‘versions’ folder (usually %USERPROFILE%\.pyenv\pyenv-win\versions), and delete the folder of the version you want removed.

• Question: I installed pyenv-win using pip. How can I uninstall it?

  • Answer: Follow the pip instructions in How to update pyenv and then run pip uninstall pyenv-win

• Question: pyenv-win is not recognised, but I have set the ENV PATH?

  • Answer: According to Windows, when adding a path under the User variable you need to logout and login again, in order to reflect any change. For the System variable it’s not required.

Change Log

New in 3.1.1

• Fix #413: bug: pyenv install failing because the system cannot find the file specified ‘dark.exe’
• Adding: python 3.8, 3.9 and 3.10 in classifiers

New in 3.1

• Fix #142: Prefer the local installer over the web based installer
• Fix #401, #396, #383 and #360: Added the same level of support for local based installer as we have for web based installers in #410
  • Note: It is best to uninstall affected versions (3.9.11 and above) via Windows’ Add or remove Programs systems settings page before running the pyenv uninstall command for those versions.

New in 3.0

• Fix #311: Support many global and shell versions.
• Fix #318: pyenv global and pyenv local no longer affect PYENV_VERSION, which only pyenv shell should affect.
• The test suite emulates a 32 bit architecture environment.
• The test suite now also runs tests using powershell and pwsh in addition to cmd.
• pyenv shell now works like pyenv global and pyenv local in that, on 32-bit platforms, it adds -win32 to every supplied version if not explicitly added.

New in 2.64.11

• Fix #287: Prevent infinite recursion by removing the shims directory from the path.
• Fix #259: Correctly handle spaces in pyenv path.
• Fix #305: Fix exec preferring the last version listed in .python-version instead of the first.
  • Note: pyenv rehash must be called after upgrading. Expect the following error message if you don’t:

    'Scripts' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
    operable program or batch file.
    

New in 2.64.10

• Check PATH in pyenv version to report other Python versions.

New in 2.64.9

• Feature #210: Support extended installer options
• Fix #269: Migration from travis-ci to GitHub Actions
• Fix exec shims for bat files.
• Fix #193: PowerShell support for pyenv shell

New in 2.64.8

• Fix #198: PEP 514 support (64 bits only, excluding pypy).

New in 2.64.7.4

• Fix #256: Fix pyenv --version for username with space.

New in 2.64.7.3

• Fix #254: Fix exec with many local versions.

New in 2.64.7.2

• Fix #250: PATH is not impacted after a pyenv exec.

New in 2.64.7.1

• Fix #246: pyenv which and pyenv whence show help if no argument specified.
• Fix exec problems after merge of #140.
• Fix #247: no more incorrect file name in bash script if username contains a space.
• Fix #243: hot fix for pyenv exec.

New in 2.64.6.1

• Use GitHub Actions to publish to PyPi.

New in 2.64.5

• Fix #239: Improve rehash error when no version installed.
• Add pypy support.
• Fix #140: Get rid of temp exec.bat to support multiple exec in parallel.

New in 2.64.4

• More python versions supported.
• Fix #217: Add missing call to exec.bat.
• Enhancement #225: Add tox support.
• Fix #204: Support many local versions.
• Enhancement #220: Rehash all installed versions with more shims.
• Enhancement #221: Add pyenv global --unset.

New in 2.64.3

• Version naming conventions have now changed from using 64-bit suffixes when specifying a version to (un)install. Now all you need to use is the version number to install your platform’s specific bit version.
  • *WARNING*: This change is backwards incompatible with v1.2.5 or less; if upgrading from that version, install 32bit-train which is backward compatible, or uninstall all versions of python prior to upgrading pyenv.
  • Ex. pyenv install 2.7.17 will install as 64-bit on x64 and 32-bit on x86. (64-bit can still use 2.7.17-win32 to install the 32-bit version)
  • pyenv global/local/shell also now recognize your platform and select the appropriate bit version. (64-bit users will need to specify [version]-win32 to use the 32-bit versions now)
• Added support for true unobtrusive, local installs.
  • *WARNING*: This change is backwards incompatible with v1.2.5 or less; if upgrading from that version, install 32bit-train which is backward compatible, or uninstall all versions of python prior to upgrading pyenv.
  • No install/uninstall records are written to the registry or Start Menu anymore (no «Programs and Features» records).
  • When installing a patch version of python (ex. 3.6.1) installing another patch version (ex. 3.6.2) won’t reuse the same folder and overwrite the previously installed minor version. They’re now kept separate.
  • Uninstalls are now a simple folder deletion. (Can be done manually by the user safely now or pyenv uninstall)
• Added support for (un)installing multiple versions of python in a single command or all DB versions via the -a/--all switch.
  • When using --all on x64 computers you can use --32only or --64only to install only 32-bit or only 64-bit version s of python. (Does nothing on 32-bit computers, and better filters may be in the works later on)
• pyenv global/rehash is called automatically after (un)installing a new Python version. (last version specified, if installing multiple)
• Pyenv now uses a cached DB of versions scraped straight from the Python mirror site and can be updated manually by a user using pyenv update. Users no longer have to wait for pyenv’s source repo to be updated to use a new version of Python when it releases, and can also use the new alpha/beta python releases.
• pyenv install now has a -c/--clear to empty cached installers in the %PYENV%\install_cache folder.
• pyenv rehash now acknowledges %PATHEXT% (plus PY and PYW) when creating shims instead of just for exe, bat, cmd and py files so more executables are available from \Scripts and libraries installed using pip.
• Shims created using pyenv rehash no longer call pyenv exec, but instead call python directly to prevent issues with other programs executing the shims.
• Shims now use cp1250 as the default code page since Python2 will never actually support cp65001. cp1250 has better support for upper ANSI characters (ex. «Pokémon»), but still isn’t full UTF-8 compatible.
• Note: Support for Python versions below 2.4 have been dropped since their installers don’t install «cleanly» like versions from 2.4 onward and they’re predominantly out of use/support in most environments now.

How to contribute

• Fork the project & clone locally.
• Create an upstream remote and sync your local copy before you branch.
• Branch for each separate piece of work. It’s good practice to write test cases.
• Do the work, write good commit messages, and read the CONTRIBUTING file if there is one.
• Test the changes by running tests\bat_files\test_install.bat and tests\bat_files\test_uninstall.bat
• Push to your origin repository.
• Create a new Pull Request in GitHub.

Bug Tracker and Support

• Please report any suggestions, bug reports, or annoyances with pyenv-win through the GitHub bug tracker.

License and Copyright

• pyenv-win is licensed under MIT 2019

Author and Thanks

pyenv-win was developed by Kiran Kumar Kotari and Contributors
Thanks for all Contributors and Supports for patience for the latest major release.