Rootkits subverting the windows kernel subverting the windows kernel

Book
description

«It’s imperative that everybody working in
the field of cyber-security read this book to understand the
growing threat of rootkits.»
—Mark Russinovich, editor, Windows IT Pro / Windows &
.NET Magazine

«This material is not only up-to-date, it
defines up-to-date. It is truly cutting-edge. As the only book on
the subject, Rootkits will be of interest to any
Windows security researcher or security programmer. It’s detailed,
well researched and the technical information is excellent. The
level of technical detail, research, and time invested in
developing relevant examples is impressive. In one word:
Outstanding.»
—Tony Bautts, Security Consultant; CEO, Xtivix, Inc.

«This book is an essential read for anyone
responsible for Windows security. Security professionals, Windows
system administrators, and programmers in general will want to
understand the techniques used by rootkit authors. At a time when
many IT and security professionals are still worrying about the
latest e-mail virus or how to get all of this month’s security
patches installed, Mr. Hoglund and Mr. Butler open your eyes to
some of the most stealthy and significant threats to the Windows
operating system. Only by understanding these offensive techniques
can you properly defend the networks and systems for which you are
responsible.»
—Jennifer Kolde, Security Consultant, Author, and
Instructor

«What’s worse than being owned? Not knowing
it. Find out what it means to be owned by reading Hoglund and
Butler’s first-of-a-kind book on rootkits. At the apex the
malicious hacker toolset—which includes decompilers,
disassemblers, fault-injection engines, kernel debuggers, payload
collections, coverage tools, and flow analysis tools—is the
rootkit. Beginning where Exploiting Software left off, this book
shows how attackers hide in plain sight.

«Rootkits are extremely powerful and are the next wave of attack
technology. Like other types of malicious code, rootkits thrive on
stealthiness. They hide away from standard system observers,
employing hooks, trampolines, and patches to get their work done.
Sophisticated rootkits run in such a way that other programs that
usually monitor machine behavior can’t easily detect them. A
rootkit thus provides insider access only to people who know that
it is running and available to accept commands. Kernel rootkits can
hide files and running processes to provide a backdoor into the
target machine.

«Understanding the ultimate attacker’s tool provides an important
motivator for those of us trying to defend systems. No authors are
better suited to give you a detailed hands-on understanding of
rootkits than Hoglund and Butler. Better to own this book than to
be owned.»
—Gary McGraw, Ph.D., CTO, Cigital, coauthor of Exploiting
Software (2004) and Building Secure Software (2002), both
from Addison-Wesley

«Greg and Jamie are unquestionably the go-to
experts when it comes to subverting the Windows API and creating
rootkits. These two masters come together to pierce the veil of
mystery surrounding rootkits, bringing this information out of the
shadows. Anyone even remotely interested in security for Windows
systems, including forensic analysis, should include this book very
high on their must-read list.»
—Harlan Carvey, author of Windows Forensics and Incident
Recovery (Addison-Wesley, 2005)

Rootkits are the ultimate backdoor, giving
hackers ongoing and virtually undetectable access to the systems
they exploit. Now, two of the world’s leading experts have written
the first comprehensive guide to rootkits: what they are, how they
work, how to build them, and how to detect them. Rootkit.com’s Greg
Hoglund and James Butler created and teach Black Hat’s legendary
course in rootkits. In this book, they reveal never-before-told
offensive aspects of rootkit technology—learn how attackers can
get in and stay in for years, without detection.

Hoglund and Butler show exactly how to
subvert the Windows XP and Windows 2000 kernels, teaching concepts
that are easily applied to virtually any modern operating system,
from Windows Server 2003 to Linux and UNIX. They teach rootkit
programming techniques that can be used for a wide range of
software, from white hat security tools to operating system drivers
and debuggers.

After reading this book, readers will be
able to

  • Understand the role of rootkits in remote command/control and
    software eavesdropping

  • Build kernel rootkits that can make processes, files, and
    directories invisible

  • Master key rootkit programming techniques, including hooking,
    runtime patching, and directly manipulating kernel objects

  • Work with layered drivers to implement keyboard sniffers and
    file filters

  • Detect rootkits and build host-based intrusion prevention
    software that resists rootkit attacks

  • «It’s imperative that everybody working in the field of cyber-security read this book to understand the growing threat of rootkits.»
    —Mark Russinovich, editor, Windows IT Pro / Windows & .NET Magazine

    «This material is not only up-to-date, it defines up-to-date. It is truly cutting-edge. As the only book on the subject, Rootkits will be of interest to any Windows security researcher or security programmer. It’s detailed, well researched and the technical information is excellent. The level of technical detail, research, and time invested in developing relevant examples is impressive. In one word: Outstanding.»
    —Tony Bautts, Security Consultant; CEO, Xtivix, Inc.

    «This book is an essential read for anyone responsible for Windows security. Security professionals, Windows system administrators, and programmers in general will want to understand the techniques used by rootkit authors. At a time when many IT and security professionals are still worrying about the latest e-mail virus or how to get all of this month’s security patches installed, Mr. Hoglund and Mr. Butler open your eyes to some of the most stealthy and significant threats to the Windows operating system. Only by understanding these offensive techniques can you properly defend the networks and systems for which you are responsible.»
    —Jennifer Kolde, Security Consultant, Author, and Instructor

    «What’s worse than being owned? Not knowing it. Find out what it means to be owned by reading Hoglund and Butler’s first-of-a-kind book on rootkits. At the apex the malicious hacker toolset—which includes decompilers, disassemblers, fault-injection engines, kernel debuggers, payload collections, coverage tools, and flow analysis tools—is the rootkit. Beginning where Exploiting Software left off, this book shows how attackers hide in plain sight.

    «Rootkits are extremely powerful and are the next wave of attack technology. Like other types of malicious code, rootkits thrive on stealthiness. They hide away from standard system observers, employing hooks, trampolines, and patches to get their work done. Sophisticated rootkits run in such a way that other programs that usually monitor machine behavior can’t easily detect them. A rootkit thus provides insider access only to people who know that it is running and available to accept commands. Kernel rootkits can hide files and running processes to provide a backdoor into the target machine.

    «Understanding the ultimate attacker’s tool provides an important motivator for those of us trying to defend systems. No authors are better suited to give you a detailed hands-on understanding of rootkits than Hoglund and Butler. Better to own this book than to be owned.»

    —Gary McGraw, Ph.D., CTO, Cigital, coauthor of Exploiting Software (2004) and Building Secure Software (2002), both from Addison-Wesley

    «Greg and Jamie are unquestionably the go-to experts when it comes to subverting the Windows API and creating rootkits. These two masters come together to pierce the veil of mystery surrounding rootkits, bringing this information out of the shadows. Anyone even remotely interested in security for Windows systems, including forensic analysis, should include this book very high on their must-read list.»
    —Harlan Carvey, author of Windows Forensics and Incident Recovery (Addison-Wesley, 2005)

    Rootkits are the ultimate backdoor, giving hackers ongoing and virtually undetectable access to the systems they exploit. Now, two of the world’s leading experts have written the first comprehensive guide to rootkits: what they are, how they work, how to build them, and how to detect them. Rootkit.com’s Greg Hoglund and James Butler created and teach Black Hat’s legendary course in rootkits. In this book, they reveal never-before-told offensive aspects of rootkit technology—learn how attackers can get in and stay in for years, without detection.

    Hoglund and Butler show exactly how to subvert the Windows XP and Windows 2000 kernels, teaching concepts that are easily applied to virtually any modern operating system, from Windows Server 2003 to Linux and UNIX. They teach rootkit programming techniques that can be used for a wide range of software, from white hat security tools to operating system drivers and debuggers.

    After reading this book, readers will be able to

    • Understand the role of rootkits in remote command/control and software eavesdropping
    • Build kernel rootkits that can make processes, files, and directories invisible
    • Master key rootkit programming techniques, including hooking, runtime patching, and directly manipulating kernel objects
    • Work with layered drivers to implement keyboard sniffers and file filters
    • Detect rootkits and build host-based intrusion prevention software that resists rootkit attacks

    Rootkits Subverting The Windows Kernel book: source code examples

    Still Work-in-progress..

    I have arranged the code according to its order in the book.
    I tested most of the code on Windows XP SP0 (no service packs installed) in a VM.
    I haven’t included the code for the networking from Chapter 9: Covert Channels (using TDI and NDIS).

    The code includes the following:

    1. Basic driver.
    2. Creating a file handle and a symlink
    3. Loading a driver using the quick and dirty way
    4. Loading a driver the correct way (using Service Manager)
    5. Decompress a SYS file from the rsrc section
    6. Parsing the IDT table
    7. CR0-trick to disable memory protection
    8. Injecting a DLL using remote threads
    9. Hooking SSDT (using it to hide processes’ names)
    10. Hooking the IDT
    11. SYSENTER hook
    12. Hooking the IRP major-functions table
    13. Hybrid hooking approach
    14. Detour patching
    15. Jump templates
    16. Sample keylogger (as a Layered driver)
    17. Grabbing OS version from the Registry
    18. Grabbing OS version from Kernel-Mode (OSVERSIONINFO structure)
    19. Hiding devices/drivers (using DKOM)
    20. Privilege elevation (using DKOM)
    21. Playing with the Keyboard LEDs (accessing the hardware directly)
    22. Keysniffer (by accessing the hardware directly)
      23-27. RootKit Detection methods.

    Lessons were put in order ( + some added code) by: 0xbahaa
    Forked from the original mirror by: fdiskyou
    Links to the book:

    • Google Books
    • Amazon

    «It’s imperative that everybody working in the field of cyber-security read this book to understand the growing threat of rootkits.»
    —Mark Russinovich, editor, Windows IT Pro / Windows & .NET Magazine

    «This material is not only up-to-date, it defines up-to-date. It is truly cutting-edge. As the only book on the subject, Rootkits will be of interest to any Windows security researcher or security programmer. It’s detailed, well researched and the technical information is excellent. The level of technical detail, research, and time invested in developing relevant examples is impressive. In one word: Outstanding.»
    —Tony Bautts, Security Consultant; CEO, Xtivix, Inc.

    «This book is an essential read for anyone responsible for Windows security. Security professionals, Windows system administrators, and programmers in general will want to understand the techniques used by rootkit authors. At a time when many IT and security professionals are still worrying about the latest e-mail virus or how to get all of this month’s security patches installed, Mr. Hoglund and Mr. Butler open your eyes to some of the most stealthy and significant threats to the Windows operating system. Only by understanding these offensive techniques can you properly defend the networks and systems for which you are responsible.»
    —Jennifer Kolde, Security Consultant, Author, and Instructor

    «What’s worse than being owned? Not knowing it. Find out what it means to be owned by reading Hoglund and Butler’s first-of-a-kind book on rootkits. At the apex the malicious hacker toolset—which includes decompilers, disassemblers, fault-injection engines, kernel debuggers, payload collections, coverage tools, and flow analysis tools—is the rootkit. Beginning where Exploiting Software left off, this book shows how attackers hide in plain sight.

    «Rootkits are extremely powerful and are the next wave of attack technology. Like other types of malicious code, rootkits thrive on stealthiness. They hide away from standard system observers, employing hooks, trampolines, and patches to get their work done. Sophisticated rootkits run in such a way that other programs that usually monitor machine behavior can’t easily detect them. A rootkit thus provides insider access only to people who know that it is running and available to accept commands. Kernel rootkits can hide files and running processes to provide a backdoor into the target machine.

    «Understanding the ultimate attacker’s tool provides an important motivator for those of us trying to defend systems. No authors are better suited to give you a detailed hands-on understanding of rootkits than Hoglund and Butler. Better to own this book than to be owned.»
    —Gary McGraw, Ph.D., CTO, Cigital, coauthor of Exploiting Software (2004) and Building Secure Software (2002), both from Addison-Wesley

    «Greg and Jamie are unquestionably the go-to experts when it comes to subverting the Windows API and creating rootkits. These two masters come together to pierce the veil of mystery surrounding rootkits, bringing this information out of the shadows. Anyone even remotely interested in security for Windows systems, including forensic analysis, should include this book very high on their must-read list.»
    —Harlan Carvey, author of Windows Forensics and Incident Recovery (Addison-Wesley, 2005)

    Rootkits are the ultimate backdoor, giving hackers ongoing and virtually undetectable access to the systems they exploit. Now, two of the world’s leading experts have written the first comprehensive guide to rootkits: what they are, how they work, how to build them, and how to detect them. Rootkit.com’s Greg Hoglund and James Butler created and teach Black Hat’s legendary course in rootkits. In this book, they reveal never-before-told offensive aspects of rootkit technology—learn how attackers can get in and stay in for years, without detection.

    Hoglund and Butler show exactly how to subvert the Windows XP and Windows 2000 kernels, teaching concepts that are easily applied to virtually any modern operating system, from Windows Server 2003 to Linux and UNIX. They teach rootkit programming techniques that can be used for a wide range of software, from white hat security tools to operating system drivers and debuggers.

    After reading this book, readers will be able to

    • Understand the role of rootkits in remote command/control and software eavesdropping
    • Build kernel rootkits that can make processes, files, and directories invisible
    • Master key rootkit programming techniques, including hooking, runtime patching, and directly manipulating kernel objects
    • Work with layered drivers to implement keyboard sniffers and file filters
    • Detect rootkits and build host-based intrusion prevention software that resists rootkit attacks

    Rootkits: Subverting the Windows Kernel

    Greg Hoglund, Jamie Butler

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    »It’s imperative that everybody working in the field of cyber-security read this book to understand the growing threat of rootkits.» —Mark Russinovich, editor, Windows IT Pro / Windows & .NET Magazine »This material is not only up-to-date, it defines up-to-date. It is truly cutting-edge. As the only book on the subject, Rootkits will be of interest to any Windows security researcher or security programmer. It’s detailed, well researched and the technical information is excellent. The level of technical detail, research, and time invested in developing relevant examples is impressive. In one word: Outstanding.» —Tony Bautts, Security Consultant; CEO, Xtivix, Inc. »This book is an essential read for anyone responsible for Windows security. Security professionals, Windows system administrators, and programmers in general will want to understand the techniques used by rootkit authors. At a time when many IT and security professionals are still worrying about the latest e-mail virus or how to get all of this month’s security patches installed, Mr. Hoglund and Mr. Butler open your eyes to some of the most stealthy and significant threats to the Windows operating system. Only by understanding these offensive techniques can you properly defend the networks and systems for which you are responsible.» —Jennifer Kolde, Security Consultant, Author, and Instructor »What’s worse than being owned? Not knowing it. Find out what it means to be owned by reading Hoglund and Butler’s first-of-a-kind book on rootkits. At the apex the malicious hacker toolset—which includes decompilers, disassemblers, fault-injection engines, kernel debuggers, payload collections, coverage tools, and flow analysis tools—is the rootkit. Beginning where Exploiting Software left off, this book shows how attackers hide in plain sight. »Rootkits are extremely powerful and are the next wave of attack technology. Like other types of malicious code, rootkits thrive on stealthiness. They hide away from standard system observers, employing hooks, trampolines, and patches to get their work done. Sophisticated rootkits run in such a way that other programs that usually monitor machine behavior can’t easily detect them. A rootkit thus provides insider access only to people who know that it is running and available to accept commands. Kernel rootkits can hide files and running processes to provide a backdoor into the target machine. »Understanding the ultimate attacker’s tool provides an important motivator for those of us trying to defend systems. No authors are better suited to give you a detailed hands-on understanding of rootkits than Hoglund and Butler. Better to own this book than to be owned.» —Gary McGraw, Ph.D., CTO, Cigital, coauthor of Exploiting Software (2004) and Building Secure Software (2002), both from Addison-Wesley »Greg and Jamie are unquestionably the go-to experts when it comes to subverting the Windows API and creating rootkits. These two masters come together to pierce the veil of mystery surrounding rootkits, bringing this information out of the shadows. Anyone even remotely interested in security for Windows systems, including forensic analysis, should include this book very high on their must-read list.» —Harlan Carvey, author of Windows Forensics and Incident Recovery (Addison-Wesley, 2005) Rootkits are the ultimate backdoor, giving hackers ongoing and virtually undetectable access to the systems they exploit. Now, two of the world’s leading experts have written the first comprehensive guide to rootkits: what they are, how they work, how to build them, and how to detect them. Rootkit.com’s Greg Hoglund and James Butler created and teach Black Hat’s legendary course in rootkits. In this book, they reveal never-before-told offensive aspects of rootkit technology—learn how attackers can get in and stay in for years, without detection. Hoglund and Butler show exactly how to subvert the Windows XP and Windows 2000 kernels, teaching concepts that are easily applied to virtually any modern operating system, from Windows Server 2003 to Linux and UNIX. Using extensive downloadable examples, they teach rootkit programming techniques that can be used for a wide range of software, from white hat security tools to operating system drivers and debuggers. After reading this book, readers will be able to *Understand the role of rootkits in remote command/control and software eavesdropping *Build kernel rootkits that can make processes, files, and directories invisible *Master key rootkit programming techniques, including hooking, runtime patching, and directly manipulating kernel objects *Work with layered drivers to implement keyboard sniffers and file filters *Detect rootkits and build host-based intrusion prevention software that resists rootkit attacks Visit rootkit.com for code and programs from this book. The site also contains enhancements to the book’s text, such as up-to-the-minute information on rootkits available nowhere else.

    Publisher:

    Addison-Wesley Professional

    english, 2005

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