In this article, I will explain how you can install and configure an NFS Server on a Windows 2019 Server. I will also show you the steps to create an NFS shared folder and mount the shared folder on Linux clients.
What is the Network File System (NFS)?
Network File System (NFS) provides a file-sharing solution that lets you transfer files between computers running Windows Server and other non-Windows operating systems such as Linux or UNIX using the NFS protocol.
NFS in Windows Server includes Server for NFS and Client for NFS. A computer running Windows Server can use Server for NFS to act as an NFS file server for other non-Windows client computers.
Client for NFS allows a Windows-based computer running Windows Server to access files stored on a non-Windows NFS server.
Understanding Test lab:
For this, we will use the virtual test lab created in VirtualBox.
- WS2K19-DC01: Domain Controller and DNS
- UBUNTU1804: Ubuntu OS, NFS client.
Install Server for NFS role service in Windows Server 2019:
To install the Server for NFS role service in Windows Server 2019, follow the below steps:
1. Open Server Manager. Click on Tools and select Add Role and Features.
2. On the Before you begin page, click Next.
3. Select Role-based or feature-based installation and click Next.
4. Select a server from the server pool on which you want to install the Network File System for Server role service, click Next.
5. On select server roles page, expand File and Storage Services, expand File and iSCSI Services. Select Server for NFS checkbox.
6. A new window will pop up, click on Add Features to include required features and management tools needed by the NFS server.
7. Make sure that the Server for NFS role service is selected. Click Next.
8. On select features, click Next.
9. Click Install and complete the installation process.
10. Click Close to finish the installation.
How to Create an NFS Shared Folder on Server 2019:
After installing the Server for NFS on Windows Server 2019, the next step is to create an NFS shared folder by using the File and Storage Services console.
11. On the Server Manager Console, click on File and Storage Services.
12. Click on Shares. Right-click in the empty area and select New Share.
13. On Select the profile for this share, select NFS Share – Quick profile. Click Next.
14. To configure a specific folder as NFS shared folder, select the checkbox Type a custom path and type the path for the specific folder you’d like to set as a shared folder. Click Next.
15. Verify share name, local path and remote path for NFS shared folder. Click Next.
16. Specify the Authentication methods as per your requirement.
17. To set up the NFS share permissions, click Add button.
18. Specify the Hosts you’d like and assign the access permissions from the drop-down menu.
- Host: 172.18.72.103 (IP address of Ubuntu VM)
- Share Permissions: Read/Write
19. Click on Add.
20. Using the same steps, you can add permission for other Hosts as well. Click Next.
21. Specify NTFS permission. As we are just testing NFS sharing, we are going with default permission. Click Next.
22. Review the selections, click on the Create button.
23. Click on the close button after verifying the successful creation of the NFS shared folder.
24. Verify the NFS shared folder under the shares list. Access the local path of the NFS shared folder. Create one text file and put some text under it.
Mount the NFS shared Folder on Linux Client (Ubuntu Machine):
25. On the Ubuntu machine, verify the local IP address and network connectivity with the NFS server.
26. To mount an NFS shared folder on a Linux machine, open terminal. Type command: mkdir /data
This command will create one directory name data under the root directory.
27. Type command:
Syntax: mount -t nfs <NFS-Server-IP>/<NFS-Shared-Folder-Name> /<Mount-Point>
For example, to mount an NFS shared folder named share1 of the NFS server that is configured with IP address 172.18.72.5, the folder should be mapped on the /data mount point.
In our case command will look like:
mount –t nfs 172.18.72.5:/share1 /data
28. Verify the content of the text file which we have created earlier on the NFS server.
In this blog post, we have learned the steps on how to install and configure NFS in Windows Server 2019.
I hope, you enjoyed it. Thank you for reading.
Video Guide: Installing and Configuring NFS Server role in Windows Server 2019
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Network File System (NFS) клиент по умолчанию не установлен в Windows Server 2022/2019/2016 и десяточных версиях Windows 11/10. Для его установки запустите Server Manager, выберите Add Roles and Features -> Client for NFS.
Если вы хотите установить графические консоли управления NFS (nfsmgmt.msc), выберите дополнительно Services for Network File System Management Tools в Remote Server Administration Tools -> Role Administration Tools -> File Services Tools.
Или вы можете установить клиент NFS и консоль управления с помощью PowerShell:
Install-WindowsFeature NFS-Client, RSAT-NFS-Admin
В Windows 10/11 для установки NFS клиента выполните:
Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName ServicesForNFS-ClientOnly, ClientForNFS-Infrastructure -Online -NoRestart
Клиент NFS в Windows поддерживает NFSv2 и NFSv3.
Теперь вы можете подключить NFS шару с помощью PowerShell:
New-PSdrive -PSProvider FileSystem -Name M -Root \\192.168.0.211\mnt\hyperv -Persist
Опция Persist включает автоматическое подключение NFS шары после перезагрузки.
Из CMD:
mount -o anon nolock \\192.168.0.211\mnt\hyperv M:
Также вы можете смонтировать NFS каталог из графического интерфейса File Explorer.
Для отключения NFS шары, выполните:
Umount M:
Или
Remove-PSdrive -Name M
При подключении NFS шары может появится ошибка:
The remote device or resource won’t accept the connection.
Чтобы исправить проблему, запустите консоль Services for Network File System (NFS) и проверьте права для подключения к удаленному ресурсу.
Если вы хотите подключиться к NFS ресурсу под anonymouse пользователем, нужно добавить два параметра реестра:
New-ItemProperty HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\ClientForNFS\CurrentVersion\Default -Name AnonymousUID -Value 000001f4 -PropertyType "DWord"
New-ItemProperty HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\ClientForNFS\CurrentVersion\Default -Name AnonymousGID -Value 00000064 -PropertyType "DWord"
Если для подключения нужно всегда использовать учетную запись root, измените значения параметров AnonymousUID и AnonymousGID на 0.
Если вы используете NFS подключения в окружении Active Directory, нужно отменить важный нюанс.
Если в AD не добавлены UNIX атрибуты и User Name Mapping не настроен, то для подключения к NFS серверу из Windows будет использоваться анонимное подключение. Для использование учетных данных для подключения к NFS вам нужно внести изменения в схему AD (атрибуты uidNumber и gidNumber).
На контроллерах домена WS 2012R2 можно добавить вкладку UNIX атрибутов в свойствах пользователя AD:
Dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:adminui /all
Однако эта опция является deprecated в Windows Server 2016 и атрибуты пользователя предлагается править вручную или с помощью PowerShell:
Set-ADUser -identity user1 -add @{uidNumber="<user_unix_uid>";gidNumber="<user_unix_gid>"}
При подключении NFS каталога также может появится ошибка:
You can't access this shared folder because your organization's security policies block unauthenticated guest access. These policies help protect your PC from unsafe or malicious devices on the network.
В этом случае нужно создать параметр реестра AllowInsecureGuestAuth:New-ItemProperty HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanWorkstation\Parameters -Name AllowInsecureGuestAuth -Value 00000001
New-ItemProperty HKLM:\ oftware\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\LanmanWorkstation -Name AllowInsecureGuestAuth -Value 00000001
Затем перепустите службу NFS.
Introduction
In this article, we will explore the what, who, where, when, why, and how of Network File System (NFS) as Storage Server functionality on the Windows Server 2019 platform, so let’s get started.
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I have recently been testing and working through some scenarios where I require the NFS client on a Windows machine to access some NAS shares over the NFS protocol, not much has changed I believe between Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2019 but thought it might help some to see how easy it is to get going.
I am picking up at this stage with my fully patched and ready to go Windows Server running 2019. As mentioned previously I want to use this machine to access my NFS share which doesn’t matter what it is or what it is for but this Windows machine is running in Microsoft Azure and I am access Azure NetApp Files over the NFS protocols, Azure NetApp Files can be presented over both NFS and SMB and I will have additional posts about this later.
Installing the Client for NFS
I am pretty sure this could also be achieved through the system manager and selecting the Add Features dialog and working through the wizard approach, I have been purposely doing a lot more of my tasks through PowerShell so that I can re-use and make my tasks quicker, this is something I have picked up from my learnings around Infrastructure as Code. For that reason, I am using PowerShell. I am sure someone else had documented the process through the system manager and UI.
First of all, let’s see what NFS based features we have available to us by running the below command.
Get-WindowsFeature -Name NFS*
As you can see from the image above, we have one feature available to us, “Client for NFS” by installing this it will allow us to mount NFS exports to our Windows machine so we can access the data within.
To install this feature run the following command.
Install-WindowsFeature -Name NFS-Client
That’s it, it’s that simple, hardly not worth mentioning. That’s the NFS Client installed on our machine, next we need to make sure from the NAS server point of view that the IP address of this windows machine can access that data.
As I said before I am using Azure NetApp Files, this export is configured in the following screen when configuring Azure NetApp Files. I will provide a step by step walkthrough of this process after this initial post.
As you can see from the above, I have allowed all clients from all subnets using the export policy (This is the default setting for ANF), my advice is that if this was production you should to create more secure export policies.
Mounting the share
Now we have our NFS Client and we have our export policy from whichever NAS device you are looking to mount onto your Windows, next we actually need to mount the share for use.
Some people will ask now, why you are using NFS when you can use SMB, certain applications, certain environments may require this method and protocol. If this was a traditional Windows environment and this share was going to house predominately user shares and home drives, then absolutely the way to do this would most likely be with the SMB protocol.
Next up is open up a command prompt with Administrator privileges, the mount command is going to be the command you use and then you will be using the NAS IP Address followed by the share name and then which letter you would like to mount this to on your Windows system.
Mount 10.1.1.4:/vZillaANFShare n:
Providing you have the correct configuration, mostly down to the export policy on your NAS device then this process should take seconds. And then by seeing the success message as per above but then checking this now as a mapped network drive as per below.
Quick post hope that it is useful for somebody. This was something I was working on so that I could test Azure NetApp Files without access to Azure Active Directory services (due to corporate policy) this stopped me from being able to use SMB but allowed me to test the functionality via NFS on Windows and Ubuntu.
Justin Parisi did a great blog on this at the start of the year – Windows NFS? WHO DOES THAT???
2019-11-12
In this article, we want to teach you How To Set up an NFS server on Windows Server 2019.
An NFS is a protocol that lets users on client computers access files on a network, making it a distributed file system.
NFS or Network File System is necessary for helping your business share files over a network.
You can access remote data and files from any remote computer or device that links to the network you will use.
All people within a network will have access to the same files, making file-sharing efforts easier.
To install the NFS server on your Windows Server, you can follow the steps below.
Install NFS on Windows Server 2019
First, open your server manager app.
Then, on the server manager click on the Add roles and Features. On the “before you begin” screen click next to continue.
Next, you will see the select installation type screen. You need to choose role-based and click on the Next button.
In the next window, you need to select the destination server. Select your server and click on the next.
At this point, in the select server roles window, expand the File and Storage Services, and under it expand File and iSCSI services. Here you need to check the box next to the Server for NFS.
This will open a pop-up window, just click on the Add Features to continue.
After that, you will back to the Select Server Roles window, and press Next to continue.
In the Next window, you can always get back and add more features. So press Next to continue.
Then, click on the Install button to start your NFS server installation. When your installation is completed, click on the close button to Finish your installation on Windows Server 2019.
Conclusion
At this point, you learn to Set up an NFS server on Windows Server 2019.
Hope you enjoy it.
In future articles, we will show you how to configure the NFS share folder.
May you will be interested in these articles:
Set up Plesk on Windows Server 2019.
How To Change HostName on Windows Server/Client.
How To Create an FTP Site on Windows Server 2016.
Add Multiple IP Addresses on Windows Server 2016.