Merge tool for windows

Обзор инструментов для визуального сравнения и разрешения конфликтов слияния

На хабре уже было много статей о распределенных системах управления версиями (DVCS), их сравнений, а также сравнений GUI-клиентов для них. Также были обсуждения плагинов к IDE для работы с git и mercurial. Но практически не было информации об инструментах визуального сравнения и разрешения конфликтов слияния.

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Недавно я «перескочил» с mercurial (который до сих пор считаю более удобным и логичным) на git, потому что, подавляющее большинство проектов, которые мне интересны, используют git и хостятся на github. В связи с этим, встал вопрос о пересмотре арсенала инструментов, в частности вопрос выбора инструмента визуального сравнения и слияния (diff and merge). Дабы восполнить недостаток информации на хабре, я решил написать этот мини-обзор. Как говориться — по горячим следам.

Под катом Вы также найдете примеры настроек Git для использования с DiffMerge и WinMerge под Windows. Думаю многим сэкономит время.

В принципе, все перечисленные инструменты хорошо справляются со своими задачами и данный обзор не тема для спора, т.к. каждый выбирает инструмент по вкусу.
Далее приводятся примеры настроек Git для работы с DiffMerge и WinMerge. По аналогии можно настроить взаимодействие Git с другими инструментами.

Git и DiffMerge

1) Добавим в директорию c:/Git/libexec/git-core/mergetools/
файл diffmerge следующего содержания:

diff_cmd () {
   "c:/Program Files/SourceGear/Common/DiffMerge/sgdm.exe" \
       "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
}

merge_cmd () {
   "c:/Program Files/SourceGear/Common/DiffMerge/sgdm.exe" \
   --merge --result="$MERGED" "$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1

   status=$?
}

2) Теперь добавим в файл c:/Users/swipe/.gitconfig
следующие строки:

[diff]    
   tool = diffmerge
[merge]
   tool = diffmerge
[mergetool "diffmerge"]
   cmd = "diffmerge"
   trustExitCode = true

3) Создадим конфликт и вызовем DiffMerge для его разрешения

git init // инициализируем репозиторий
создадим пустой файл readme.txt
git add . // добавим созданный файл в индекс
git commit -m "empty readme" // зафиксируем изменения
git branch new // создадим новую ветку
git checkout new // переключимся на новую ветку
добавим строку в файл readme.txt
git add . // добавим изменения в индекс
git commit -m "new string" // зафиксируем изменения в новой ветке
git checkout master // переключися на master ветку
добавим изменения в файл readme.txt
git add . // добавим изменения в индекс
git commit -m "master string" // зафиксируем их
git hist --all // посмотрим на дерево

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git difftool master new // сравним две ветви

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git merge new // сольем изменения в new с веткой master

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Выводится сообщение о конфликте слияния, чего мы и добивались.

git mergetool // разрешим этот конфликт

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В среднем окне, приведем файл к требуемому состоянию и сохраним изменения.
Конфликт разрешен.
Настройку DiffMegre подсмотрел тут:
http://twobitlabs.com/2011/08/install-diffmerge-git-mac-os-x/

Git и WinMerge

1) Добавим в директорию c:/Git/libexec/git-core/mergetools/
файл winmerge следующего содержания:

diff_cmd () {
   "c:/Program Files (x86)/WinMerge/WinMergeU.exe" \
       "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
}

merge_cmd () {
   "c:/Program Files (x86)/WinMerge/WinMergeU.exe" \
   "$PWD/$LOCAL" "$PWD/$REMOTE" "$PWD/$MERGED" >/dev/null 2>&1

   status=$?
}

Когда Git не может автоматически объединить изменения, происходит конфликт слияния и в конфликтующий файл добавляются маркеры слияния (<<<<<<<, =======, и >>>>>>>). Они необходимы для разрешения конфликта с помощью сторонних инструментов.
Рассмотрим файл readme.txt который образуется в результате выполнения слияния веток master и new в приведенном выше примере:

<<<<<<< HEAD
master str
=======
new str
>>>>>>> new

Мы можем открыть файл конфликтов с помощью программы WinMerge для разрешения конфликта.

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После этого откроется средство двухстороннего слияния:

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Исходя из описанной логики перепишем команду слияния merge_cmd следующим образом:

merge_cmd () {
   "c:/Program Files (x86)/WinMerge/WinMergeU.exe" \
       "$MERGED" >/dev/null 2>&1

   status=$?
}

По сути, оба приведенных варианта эквивалентны.

2) Отредактируем .gitconfig

[diff]    
   tool = winmerge
[difftool "winmerge"]
   cmd = "winmerge"

[merge]
   tool = winmerge
[mergetool "winmerge"]
    cmd = "winmerge"
    trustExitCode = false  
    keepBackup = false

последняя строчка отменяет сохранение backup-файлов в директории репозитория.

3) Создадим конфликт при слиянии двух веток (см. пример с использованием DiffMerge).

git difftool master new // сравним две ветви

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Для разрешения конфликта при слиянии веток, воспользуемся командой

git mergetool

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Отредактируем наш файл. После сохранения изменений, конфликт будет разрешен.
Настройки WinMerge подсмотрел тут:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/636253/msys-git-merge-tool-command-options-issue

Diff and merge tools are meant to assist users in comparing, exploring, and managing differences across files. The difference could be across files such as text, source code, data sets, and so on.

It streamlines the procedure of evaluating changes and resolving conflicts in collaborative development or document editing contexts. 

Using a diff tool, users can get a side-by-side representation of comparison between different files. Thus, users can follow modifications, track revisions, and spot possible issues in files for better version control. So, By allowing users to integrate several iterations of a file into a single one, a merge tool expands upon the diff tool.

However, diff and merge tools automate the entire update integration and maintain changes from different sources. Moreover, it resolves any conflict that could result from concurrent revisions.

In this article, we will introduce some exceptional diff and merge tools to simplify your file inspection process. As a result, your software development, version control, and collaborative file management will become easier than ever before. 

Benefits of Using Diff and Merge Tools 

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Deff and merge tools can simplify file collaboration with the following advantages: 

Analyze Differences:  With diff and merge tools, users can easily analyze the differences between two versions of a file. So, it’s beneficial while working collaboratively in a team to write codes or create documents. That is how it ensures that everyone is working with the same data. 

Visual Distinction: By using these tools, you can compare the differences between files visually. Thus, users can easily comprehend the alterations that were made in files. Thus, it will take less time and mistakes while merging files from different sources. 

Effective Merging:  The tools ensure effective merging while combining modifications from different team members. It allows users to pick which changes to preserve or reject and smoothly combine the changes. Moreover, it highlights the differences between two versions of the same file.

Resolving Conflicts: The probability of conflict is higher when multiple members are working on the same file. With diff and merge tools, those conflicts can be resolved, which lowers the possibility of errors. That is how it guarantees that everyone is on the same page. 

Version Control: These tools can sync with the version control platforms like Git. Therefore, users can better manage the modifications in their files. Moreover, it becomes easier to roll back to the prior version of the file and monitor the changes when necessary. 

Time-Saving: These tools can save you valuable time while working together on a file. So, users can compare different versions of a file and find discrepancies instead of doing it manually. 

Increased Accuracy: The tools provide a comprehensive view of changes made to a file. So, it saves time and reduces the chance of errors in your files. 

Here are some of the best diff and merge tools available out there.

Kaleidoscope 

Kaleidoscope enables you to find the distinction between text and image files or even between the whole directories of files. It is one of the most efficient file comparison software in the world that can review file changes in a matter of seconds. Also, the program receives frequent updates, and the pace of file comparisons becomes faster every day. 

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Key Features: 

• User-friendly UI and reader view  that helps focus on the content while comparing
• Spot changes on any files such as letters, legal documents, codes, and more
• Blocks, Fluid, and Unified layout for readable and beautiful diff of the files 
• Extracts and compares data from pdf and word documents
• Powerful data filtering capabilities whole, reviewing files and folders 
• Sync documents, images, and media fields in different devices and machines 
• Different layouts make it easier to find the latest edits 
• Find the tiniest retouch in a shortest possible time 
• Pre-configured integration that works with any content type 
• Code review features and easy merge techniques 

DiffDog 

Altova’s DiffDog is a versatile diff and merge tool that offers XML awareness to compare a wide range of file types. Using this tool, you can compare and merge text or source code files, XML, JSON, and even word docs. Moreover, it enables users to compare and synchronize directories, database schemas, and contents using an extensive feature set. 

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Key Features: 

• Compares files in a variety of formats and identify the differences 
• Allows users to merge files & directories by highlighting the differences 
• Provides options to resolve conflicts in different versions of files 
• Three-way merge feature essential for working with source control system 
• Easily compare and merge files from two different sources 
• Comprehensive XML schema comparison feature that sorts out differences in content 
• Compare database schemas and highlight differences in tables, columns, and more
• The batch-processing feature allows the automation of repetitive tasks 
• Integrates with Git, Subversion, Microsoft Visual Studio, and other Altova dev tools. 

WinMerge 

WinMerge is a diff and merge tool for Windows OS, which is free and open-source. It lets users analyze, compare and combine multiple versions of files and directories. Thus, users can easily differentiate the changes via text format and merge the required changes. It can be utilized as an external differencing and merging app or a standalone app. 

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Key Features: 

• Compare folders and subfolders and showcase them in a side-by-side comparison. 
• Compare specific files and understand the differences in content.
• Changes in files are highlighted with colors and options for merging. 
• A visual interface for handling changes in files.
• Highlight syntax in different programming languages to easily understand codes. 
• Line differences are highlighted in the compared files and provide easy navigation to jump between.
• Remove files or folders from comparison based on file types or names. 
• Plugins are available to extend functionality by including additional features of file types. 
• Supports Unicode file names and content making it simple to compare files and folders in various languages. 
• A portable version is available that can be run via removable media (USB and others). 

Araxis Merge 

Araxis Merge is a sophisticated file comparison and merging tool designed for Windows and macOS. The tool is especially known for 2 and 3-way file diff, merge, and folder synchronization. Software engineers, IT experts, and technical writers often utilize it to combine several versions of files and folders. 

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Key Features: 

• Three-way merging works ideally with source control systems.
• Compare the entire folder and its subfolders, and represent differences with a side-by-side comparison. 
• Options to choose from Software, web design, legal and publishing professionals. Source files, web pages, and contract draughts can be compared. 
• Effortlessly sort changes between source, HTML, XML, and other text file revisions. 
• Seamlessly merge, accept, edit, or delete changes on texts.
• Compare text from various file formats, including MS Word and Excel, OpenDocument, PDF, and RTF. 
• Compare images in detail with pixel and binary files by byte level. 
• Direct repository access for select systems and integration with dozens of others.
• Generate diff reports in HTML, XML, and UNIX and share them with anyone 
• Merge can be automated using scripts for more effective usage.

Code Compare 

Devart’s Code compare tool is a versatile and robust tool that makes it easier to compare and merge source code. It supports renowned programming languages such as C#, VB.NET, Java, JavaScript, SQL, XML, and more. Thus, it has become an essential tool for any developer using a version control system. 

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Key Features: 

• Supports three-way merging, which enables comparing and merging changes between three versions of a file. 
• Works flexibly with version control systems such as GIT, where you can have a primary version and altered versions by other users. 
• Integrates flawlessly with Microsoft Visual Studio enabling developers to compare merge files directly via IDE. 
• Comes with a standalone app that allows users to work outside of the visual studio 
• Syntax highlights for 50+ programming languages
• Compare entire folders and find out the differences between files 
• Code review feature to apply changes to code through team collaboration 
• Options available for handling and merging conflict within the files 
• Command line interface that can be utilized in the build phase or other automated processes.
• Customizable comparison settings such as white space ignoring, case sensitivity, and more. 

DeltaWalker 

DeltaWalker is an ideal tool for anyone looking to manage several versions of a file or folder. Its sophisticated features and user-friendly design make it simple to spot and address discrepancies. As a result, users can prevent mistakes and save time. 

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Key Features: 

• Binary-level file and folder comparison make it easy to identify the slightest differences between versions.
• Three-way merging automatically combines changes made within two separate versions of a file.
• Different formats of Image file comparison with pix-by-pix details   
• Visual comparison represents detailed and clear differences between file and folder versions. Thus, it becomes easier to identify graphical or visual asset changes. 
• Synchronizes files and folders across different sources, ensuring all versions are up-to-date and consistent. 
• Supports text, images, archives, Microsoft word, excel, and many more file formats.
• File comparison with different language options available 
• Personalized and nicely tuned HTML reports generated in seconds 
• Compare and Merge multiple files and especially large files  using batch operations 
• One-click integration with Git, SVN, Mercurial, and more platforms

Compare And Merge 

Compare and merge enables users to contrast and combine several revisions of text-based documents. Hence, It is often used in software development, technical writing, and other disciplines where it is necessary to examine and update numerous versions of a text.

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Key Features:

• The easy-to-use interface where you can view and resolve the file differences side-by-side. Ideal for source code, output files, HTML, XML, etc. 
• Check the source code against earlier iterations to see what has changed. For example, Perl, PHP, C++, Visual Basic, Delphi, etc.
• Combine your edits with your co-workers by creating a single master copy. Select your required section and combine a single line or a whole paragraph within a single click and unlimited revisions. 
• Evaluate the file differences for folders and their branches. 
• File differences are highlighted within lines 
• Get a quick overview of the changes in a summary bar 
• Use it like a text editor and fully edit text while comparing 
• Integrates with version control systems, including GIT, SVN, and more. 
• Customize the colors used to indicate differences and to remove certain sorts of differences. 

P4Merge

P4Merge is a popular diff and merge tool among developers. It’s a powerful tool for visualizing differences between files, branches, and even entire repositories. Thus, you can keep track of and contrast the results of previous and ongoing work for branches and specific files. 

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Key Features: 

• Highlights the text file differences making editing and resolving efforts easier.
• Select to edit or ignore line endings and white spaces 
• Identify the line-ending system for Windows, Mac, and Unix
• Shows line numbers while comparing and merging files 
• Pending merge shows the required code changes 
• Delete modified, unique, or unaltered files.
• Filter files based on name or extension 
• Compare, overlap, and display a side-by-side comparison 
• Highlight differences in compared & overlaid images 

Meld

Meld is a robust diff and merge tool that assists you in comparing files, directories, and version-controlled projects. This open-source tool is available for Linux, Windows, and MacOS and supports popular version control systems. Moreover, the tool helps you to get a thorough overview of code changes and understand the patches.

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Key Features: 

• A customizable interface where users can adjust the layout, color scheme, font size, etc.
• Live comparison option to compare, edit, and merge files and folders
• Go through the changes and work with every changed block 
• Simple text filtering option to remove unnecessary differences 
• Assistance for three-way merges with conflict resolution and base version display
• Determine and handle changed or missing files across several directories
• Check out the differences in a file comparison in depth by drilling down
• Skip certain files or directories to make more insightful comparisons
• Works flawlessly with Mercurial, Git, Bazaar, and more 
• Flexible review changes, commit, and push your codes

Guiffy 

Guiffy is a dedicated software that offers advanced cross-platform diff and merge capabilities. The solution comes with a strong visual representation that gives users comfort while comparing and combining files and folders. Besides, it is accessible through various operating systems and used by many professional organizations around the globe. 

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Key Features: 

• Three-way merge tool that uses the SureMerge technique with sophisticated algorithms and maintains ease of use. 
• Visual diff tool compares the source files of different types and provides built-in support for Unicode. Moreover, it supports 150 file encoding and character set formats.
• Integrates flexibly with Git, SVN, ClearCase, Perforce, and more
• Integrates with desktop, command line interfaces, and API library
• Folder comparison with file tree synchronization ability
• File comparison reports are generated in HTML format with Guiffy’s color and font. 

Beyond Compare 

Beyond Compare is a reliable diff and merge tool to compare files and directories effortlessly. Using its user-friendly interface and effective instructions, it is easy to spot differences and combine modifications in files and folders. You can produce reports and sync your data to keep track of comparisons. Besides, you can have complete control over the comparison process using this tool. 

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Key Features:

• Rapidly compare entire drives and folders based on sizes and modified times
• Applies byte-by-byte comparison for verifying files and folders thoroughly
• Integrates seamlessly with FTP sites, cloud storage, and zip files 
• Powerful filters for more accurate and limited data representation
• Highlights compared syntax and texts in a text file with color coding 
• File comparison is allowed in Microsoft Word, Adobe Pdf, and other formats
• Dedicated view for data files, executables, binary data, and images 
• Merge view combines changes from two versions of files and folders into a single output.
• Simultaneously accepts changes in different files 
• Integrated source control commands to check in and check out files without interrupting workflows.
• A User-friendly folder sync interface makes it simple to automatically resolve data differences, 

Final Thoughts 

Diff and merge tools are becoming a necessary toolset for every development or project. Because the rise of remote work and collaboration in development is growing rapidly. Thus, we’ve enlisted the above-mentioned tools that have time-saving, error-reduction, and collaboration-improving features. Choose a tool that complements your workflow the best and notice a major improvement in productivity. 

You may also explore the best duplicate file finder to keep your Windows and Mac clean.

📝 Git on Windows: How to Set Up a Mergetool 🖥️🔧

Welcome, fellow tech enthusiasts! Today, we are diving into the world of Git on Windows and addressing a common issue that many struggle with: setting up a mergetool. 🔄💻

We know the struggle of finding the perfect mergetool that suits both Windows and non-Windows users. But worry not, we have got you covered! In this blog post, we will guide you step-by-step on how to configure a mergetool that is both user-friendly and efficient. 🤝🚀

But first, let’s take a quick look at the context that led to this question. Our curious user has already tried msysGit and Git on Cygwin and found them to work wonderfully, but the real challenge lies in configuring a mergetool. They even mentioned that Vimdiff works on Cygwin but prefer something more user-friendly. Let’s help them and their Windows-loving coworkers out! 😄💻

Choosing the Right Mergetool 🤔

Before diving into the technical steps, it’s important to choose a mergetool that strikes a balance between user-friendly features and compatibility with Git on Windows. Here are a couple of popular options:

1. KDiff3: This cross-platform mergetool offers a user-friendly interface and intuitive functionalities. It works seamlessly with Git on both Windows and macOS.

2. P4Merge: Known for its visual diff and merge capabilities, P4Merge is a powerful tool that is also user-friendly. It is available for Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Setting Up KDiff3 as Your Mergetool 🛠️✨

For this guide, we will focus on setting up KDiff3 as the mergetool for Git on Windows. Let’s get started, shall we? 🚀

1. Download and Install KDiff3 📥🔍

   Visit the KDiff3 website and download the latest stable release for Windows.

   Once the download is complete, run the installer and follow the on-screen instructions to install KDiff3 on your system.

2. Configure KDiff3 as Git’s Mergetool ⚙️💡

   Open your favorite Git Bash or command prompt and run the following command:

   git config --global merge.tool kdiff3

   This command tells Git to use KDiff3 as the default mergetool.

3. Resolve Merge Conflicts with KDiff3 🌟💻

   Now that KDiff3 is set as your mergetool, Git will automatically launch the tool whenever a merge conflict occurs.

   To resolve a merge conflict, simply run:

   git mergetool

   KDiff3 will guide you through the process and provide a visual interface to help you resolve conflicts efficiently.

Congratulations! You have successfully set up KDiff3 as your mergetool for Git on Windows. 🎉🎉

P4Merge: Another User-Friendly Mergetool Option 🦜✅

If KDiff3 doesn’t meet your requirements or you prefer to explore more options, P4Merge is an excellent alternative. Here’s a quick overview of how to set up P4Merge as your mergetool:

1. Download and install P4Merge.

2. Run the following command to configure P4Merge as Git’s mergetool:

   git config --global merge.tool p4merge

3. Resolve merge conflicts using the command:

   git mergetool

Take Your Merging Game to the Next Level! 🚀🏆

Setting up a mergetool that works seamlessly on Git for Windows doesn’t have to be a headache anymore. With our easy-to-follow guide, you can now choose between KDiff3 and P4Merge to resolve merge conflicts like a pro. 💪💻

So go ahead, download your preferred mergetool, configure it with Git, and elevate your merging game. Remember, the power of collaboration lies in smooth conflict resolution! 🌟🤝

If you found this guide helpful, share it with your fellow developers and Git enthusiasts. Comment below and let us know which mergetool you prefer or if you have any other tips and tricks to share. Happy merging! 🌟🤝💻

References:

• KDiff3 Website

• P4Merge Download