Localhost как узнать windows 10

В этой статье мы расскажем, что такое файл hosts и где он лежит.

hosts — это текстовый документ, в котором прописаны соответствия доменов IP-адресам. Когда вы вводите домен в адресной строке браузера, в первую очередь запрос IP-адреса отправляется к файлу hosts. Если в нем не прописана информация об искомом сайте, запрос перенаправляется к системе DNS.

Как выглядит файл hosts в Windows:

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Как выглядит файл hosts в Linux:

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Как появился файл hosts

В 1970-х годах появилась прародительница современного интернета: сеть под названием ARPAnet. Она состояла из нескольких сотен порталов с информацией. За маршрутизацию в этой сети отвечал файл hosts.txt: в нем хранились соответствия между именем ресурса и его IP-адресом.

В то время за hosts.txt отвечал Сетевой информационный центр Стэнфордского исследовательского института (сокращенно NIC SRI). Если в сети появился новый сайт, администраторы отправляли информацию об изменениях в NIC SRI. После этого они синхронизировали свой файл hosts с данными из NIC. Это происходило 1-2 раза в неделю.

Однако по мере распространения интернета эта схема работы стала невозможна: объем информации рос, и синхронизировать данные стало значительно сложнее.

В 1984 году появились документы, в которых была описана система DNS. Именно она пришла на замену hosts.txt.

Файл hosts по-прежнему существует, но его назначение изменилось. Он есть на каждом компьютере и отвечает за отображение сайтов на конкретном устройстве. На глобальную паутину hosts не влияет.

Как можно использовать файл hosts

Файл hosts можно использовать для проверки работы сайта: это полезно, если вы недавно зарегистрировали новый домен или изменили DNS-серверы для существующего. Обновление DNS происходит в течение 24 часов, однако hosts позволяет увидеть сайт раньше. Для этого в нем нужно прописать доменное имя и IP-адрес хоста.

Что такое хост? Это сервер или услуга, на которой размещен ваш сайт. Уточнить ее IP-адрес можно у поставщика услуг.

Где находится файл hosts

Расположение файла hosts зависит от семейства и версии ОС, которая установлена на вашем компьютере.

• Путь к файлу hosts на Windows 10: c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts
• Путь к файлу hosts на Windows 11: c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts
• Путь к файлу hosts на Windows 7: c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts
• Путь к файлу hosts на Linux: /etc/hosts
• Путь к файлу hosts на macOS: /private/etc/hosts

Не удается изменить файл hosts: как это исправить

Иногда попытка изменить hosts завершается ошибкой. С этим можно столкнуться, если вы редактируете файл в системе Windows.

Чтобы решить эту проблему, откройте Блокнот от имени администратора. Для этого:

1. Кликните по строке поиска. Нажмите на Блокнот правой кнопкой мыши и выберите Запуск от имени администратора:
   

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2. Нажмите на меню Файл и выберите Открыть.
   

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3. Выберите файл hosts на вашем компьютере и нажмите Открыть.
4. Добавьте данные о вашем сайте. В примере:
   123.123.123.123 — IP-адрес вашего хостинга,
   sweb.ru — доменное имя вашего сайта.
5. Затем нажмите Файл и выберите Сохранить
   

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Что такое localhost

localhost — это домен, который позволяет обратиться к вашему компьютеру напрямую. Это имя привязано к IP-адресу 127.0.0.1.

Как правило, localhost используется для настройки сетевых инструментов: например, если вы настроили сервер на компьютере и хотите к нему обратиться по имени или IP.

Помимо этого, localhost можно использовать, чтобы закрыть доступ к какому-либо сайту. Предположим, вы хотите заблокировать vk.com на конкретном компьютере. Тогда в файл hosts необходимо добавить строку:

127.0.0.1 vk.com

Как восстановить оригинальный файл hosts

Если вы случайно удалили файл hosts, его можно восстановить вручную. Для этого перейдите в папку, в которой он должен храниться. Затем создайте текстовый файл без расширения, назовите его hosts. После этого файл необходимо наполнить. Содержимое по умолчанию зависит от ОС, которая установлена на вашем компьютере.

Стандартный hosts для Windows:


# Copyright (c) 1993-2006 Microsoft Corp.

#

# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
#
# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
# space.
#
# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
#
# For example:
#
# 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server
# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com
# x client host
# localhost name resolution is handle within DNS itself.
# 127.0.0.1 localhost
# ::1 localhost

Стандартный hosts для Linux:


127.0.0.1 localhost

127.0.1.1 username

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

Вместо username укажите имя вашей учетной записи на компьютере.

Стандартный hosts для MacOS:


##

# Host Database

#

# localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
# when the system is booting. Do not change this entry.
##
127.0.0.1 localhost
255.255.255.255 broadcasthost
::1 localhost

После этого сохраните файл.

Несмотря на то, что файл hosts уже не влияет на работу сайтов в глобальной сети, он помогает решить некоторые важные задачи на вашем компьютере.

This brief tutorial shows students and new users how to edit or modify Windows 10 local host files.

The Local Host File in Windows 10 maps IP addresses to hostnames on the local computer. It has priority over DNS. When you type in a domain name in your browser to go to a website, your computer translates the domain name into an IP address and connects to the server hosting the website.

If the IP to domain mapping isn’t included in the host file, it looks up a DNS server online. So, editing the local host file in Windows 10 can be useful if you want to access a website using a specific IP address or if you want to block access to certain websites by redirecting their IP address to a different address.

Overall, editing the local host file can be a useful tool for network administrators or users who want more control over their computer’s network settings.

Open Windows 10 Hosts File

The process of editing Windows 10 host files is simple. To add an entry or modify the host’s File, simply open the host’s File at the path below using Notepad or any other text editor.

c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts

A similar line below should appear in the File.

# Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp.
#
# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
#
# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
# space.
#
# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
#
# For example:
#
#      102.54.94.97     rhino.acme.com          # source server
#       38.25.63.10     x.acme.com              # x client host

# localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself.
#	127.0.0.1       localhost
#	::1             localhost

Changes you make to the host’s File take effect immediately. If you want to undo changes to the host’s File, simply open the File and remove the lines you added or precede the line with a # to ignore it.

Add Host Records

An administrator on Windows systems must open the host’s File. If the host’s File is Fileopened as an administrator, it won’t allow changes to be saved.

To open as an administrator, follow the steps below:

• Press the Windows key and type Notepad in the search field.
• Right-click on the Notepad icon and select Run as administrator.
• In Notepad, click File, thFilepen. In the File name field, paste c:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

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For example, to add an entry to translate 127.0.0.1 to example.com, open the host’s File and file its entry by scrolling down to the end of the File and add your new entries:

# Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp.
#
# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
# For example:
#
#      102.54.94.97     rhino.acme.com          # source server
#       38.25.63.10     x.acme.com              # x client host

# localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself.
#	127.0.0.1       localhost
#	::1             localhost
127.0.0.1               example.com
...

Save the File and exit.

As we said above, the changes take effect immediately. You can use example.com in your browser when you save the File.

The Hosts file in Windows 11/10, is used to map hostnames to IP addresses. This Hosts file is located deep down in the Windows folder. It is a plain text file, and the size of the original default Hosts file is around 824 bytes.

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The HOSTS file is used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows. This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should be placed in the first column, followed by the corresponding host name. Moreover, the IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one space.

In this post, we will see its location and also how to manage, lock, or edit the Hosts file in Windows 11/10. We will discuss the following:

• Host file location
• Lock Hosts file to prevent hijacking
• Block website using the Hosts file
• How to edit the Hosts file
• Using free Hosts File Editor software.

Let us take a look at them.

Host file location in Windows

The Hosts file in Windows is located at the following location:

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

Lock Hosts file to prevent hijacking

Imagine clicking on www.thewindowsclub.com and seeing a completely different website load in your browser. Malware can redirect Web addresses on your computer by altering your Hosts file. This is referred to as the Host File Hijack.

To prevent Host file hijacks, you may navigate to it, right-click on it, select Properties and make it a Read-only file. This will lock down your Hosts file and prevent anyone or any malware from writing to it.

Block website using the Hosts file

To block a website using the Hosts File, simply add the following entry:

127.0.0.1       blocksite.com

Although I do not do it, many users like to manually add entries to it in order to block the opening of one or more particular websites. Others, like to download and use List from well-known sources like mvps.org, to add entries that block malware sites from opening.

How to edit Hosts file in Windows 11/10

To edit the Hosts file in Windows 11/10:

1. Open Explorer
2. Navigate to \System32\drivers\etc\ location
3. Locate Hosts file
4. Right-click on it and select Notepad
5. Make the changes and Save.

Now let us go into a detailed explanation.

To edit the Hosts file, navigate to the following folder location:

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\

Here you will see the Hosts file. Right-click on it and select Notepad. Make the changes and Save.

But sometimes, even when you are logged on with administrative credentials, you may receive the following error message:

Access to C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\ hosts was denied

Or

Cannot create the C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts file. Make sure that the path and file name are correct.

In this case, type Notepad in Start search and right-click on the Notepad result. Select Run as administrator.

Open the Hosts file, make the necessary changes, and then click Save.

Using free Hosts File Editor software

If you are looking for an easier way, you can use a free Hosts file Editor software.

1] Using HostsMan

While you can always manually manage or edit Hosts file manually, I would like to suggest that you use a third-party freeware tool like HostsMan to do it.

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HostsMan is a feature-rich tool that lets you add, remove, edit entries in the Hosts file. It also lets you easily add third-party Hosts lists that help in blocking malware sites and lets you easily enable or disable the Hosts file. It includes a built-in hosts file updater & a hosts editor. It lets you scan the hosts file for errors, duplicates, and possible hijacks – and also lets you create an Exclusion list. One more useful feature it offers is the Hosts file backup manager. Backup your Hosts file to a safe place and use it to restore it, should the need arise.

Hostman also lets you Flush DNS cache, open Hosts with a text editor, count the number of hosts, find duplicates, replace IP, scan hosts for malicious entries, rearrange hosts, manage DNS Client Service, and more. In short, it’s the only Hosts Manager that you will ever need. You can download it from its home page.

TIP: SwitchHosts is a Hosts file switcher for Windows that allows you to change your Hosts file with a click. It is useful if you need to have two Hosts files on your PC.

2] Using SysMate Hosts File Manager

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SysMate Hosts File Manager and is another tool that lets you do so. With Host File Walker you can add as many records to the system hosts file. It even lets you backup and restore the Hosts File.

3] Using Host File Editor tool

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Host File Editor is another good tool that you can use. It has the following features:

• Enable and disable hosts file from the system tray
• Cut, copy, paste, duplicate, enable, disable and move entries
• Filter and sort host entries
• Backup and restore various hosts file configurations when switching between environments
• Ping endpoints to check availability.

You can download it from here. It offers a portable version too.

4] HostsDock

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HostsDock is another useful software to edit the hosts file on Windows 11/10 computers. This is an open-source hosts file editor software that also lets you create new local hosts files and save them. You can also connect to a remote hosts file which is an important option. Some other interesting features are also available which are as follows:

1. Syntax Highlighter that can automatically highlight IP addresses, comments, domains, etc., present in the hosts file. It detects all these items by itself and then highlights them
2. Basic editing options like undo/redo, search and replace, cut, paste, etc.
3. Create folding block
4. Test IP addresses in the hosts file with the ping command
5. A navigation pane to quickly switch to local and remote hosts files, check system hosts info, etc.

You can download this tool from eshengsky.github.io. Launch the tool after installation and it will show the system hosts file. After that, you can use the available options to add or create a new hosts file, use editing options, export the hosts file, and more.

5] Hosts File Editor PowerToy

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The Hosts File Editor PowerToy also lets you edit the Hosts file.

How do I grant permission to edit the Hosts file in Windows 11/10?

If you want to grant permission to edit the hosts file in Windows 11/10 using Notepad, then you need to run Notepad as an administrator. You should also sign in to your Windows 11/10 system with an administrator account to edit hosts file so that you won’t get any errors while saving the hosts file.

Read: What is LMHOSTS file in Windows?

Do not have permission to edit the Hosts file?

If you are unable to edit the hosts file on Windows 11/10 or you do not have permission to edit the hosts file, then you can use the following solutions:

1. Use Notepad with administrative privileges and then open a hosts file to edit it
2. Copy the hosts file from the original location to the desktop or some other location, edit that file, and then copy the edited file and paste it into the original location to overwrite the hosts file
3. Use some third-party hosts file editing tools, etc.

TIP: See this post if Hosts File is not working in Windows. How to manually reset the Hosts file back to default in Windows may also interest you.

If your browser has been hijacked, you might find this post on Browser Hijacking and Free Browser Hijacker Removal Tools helpful.