Какое расширение у значков windows

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

CUR

The ICO file format is an image file format for computer icons in Microsoft Windows. ICO files contain one or more small images at multiple sizes and color depths, such that they may be scaled appropriately. In Windows, all executables that display an icon to the user, on the desktop, in the Start Menu, or in file Explorer, must carry the icon in ICO format.

The CUR file format is an almost identical image file format for non-animated cursors in Microsoft Windows. The only differences between these two file formats are the bytes used to identify them and the addition of a hotspot in the CUR format header; the hotspot is defined as the pixel offset (in x,y coordinates) from the top-left corner of the cursor image to where the user is actually pointing the mouse.^{[citation needed]}

The ANI file format is used for animated Windows cursors.

Icons introduced in Windows 1.0 were 32×32 pixels in size and were monochrome.^[2] Support for 16 colors was introduced in Windows 3.0.^{[citation needed]}

Win32 introduced support for storing icon images of up to 16.7 million colors (TrueColor) and up to 256×256 pixels in dimensions.^[3] Windows 95 also introduced a new Device Independent Bitmap (DIB) engine.^[4] However, 256 color was the default icon color depth in Windows 95. It was possible to enable 65535 color (Highcolor) icons by either modifying the Shell Icon BPP value in the registry^[3][5] or by purchasing Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95. The Shell Icon Size value allows using larger icons in place of 32×32 icons and the Shell Small Icon Size value allows using custom sizes in place of 16×16 icons.^[3] Thus, a single icon file could store images of any size from 1×1 pixel up to 256×256 pixels (including non-square sizes) with 2 (rarely used), 16, 256, 65535, or 16.7 million colors; but the shell could not display very large sized icons. The notification area of the Windows taskbar was limited to 16 color icons by default until Windows Me when it was updated to support high color icons.

Windows XP added support for 32-bit color (16.7 million colors plus 8-bit alpha channel transparency) icon images, thus allowing semitransparent areas like shadows, anti-aliasing, and glass-like effects to be drawn in an icon. Windows XP, by default, employs 48×48 pixel icons in Windows Explorer. Windows XP can be forced to use icons as large as 256×256 by modifying the Shell icon size value but this would cause all 32×32 icons throughout the shell to be upscaled.^[3] Microsoft only recommended icon sizes up to 48×48 pixels for Windows XP.^[6] Windows XP can downscale larger icons if no closer image size is available.^[3]

Windows Vista added full support for 256×256-pixel 32-bit color icons,^{[Notes 1]} as well as support for the compressed PNG format. Although compression is not required, Microsoft recommends that all 32-bit color 256×256 icons in ICO files should be stored in PNG format to reduce the overall size of the file. The Windows Vista Explorer supports smoothly scaling icons to non-standard sizes which are rendered on the fly even if an image is not present for that size in the icon file. The Windows Vista shell adds a slider for «zooming» the icon sizes in and out. With users using higher resolutions and high DPI modes, larger icon formats (such as 256×256) are recommended.^[7][8]

While the IANA-registered MIME type for ICO files is image/vnd.microsoft.icon,^[9] it was submitted to IANA in 2003 by a third party and is not recognised by Microsoft software, which uses image/x-icon or image/ico instead.^[10][11] Erroneous types image/ico, image/icon, text/ico and application/ico have also been seen in use.^[9]

An ICO or CUR file is made up of an ICONDIR («Icon directory») structure, containing an ICONDIRENTRY structure for each image in the file, followed by a contiguous block of all image bitmap data (which may be in either Windows BMP format, excluding the BITMAPFILEHEADER structure, or in PNG format, stored in its entirety).^[3]

Images with less than 32 bits of color depth follow a particular format: the image is encoded as a single image consisting of a color mask (the «XOR mask») together with an opacity mask (the «AND mask»).^[6][3] The XOR mask must precede the AND mask inside the bitmap data; if the image is stored in bottom-up order (which it most likely is), the XOR mask would be drawn below the AND mask. The AND mask is 1 bit per pixel, regardless of the color depth specified by the BMP header, and specifies which pixels are fully transparent(1) and which are fully opaque(0). The XOR mask conforms to the bit depth specified in the BMP header and specifies the numerical color or palette value for each pixel. Together, the AND mask and XOR mask make for a non-transparent image representing an image with 1-bit transparency; they also allow for inversion of the background. The height for the image in the ICONDIRENTRY structure of the ICO/CUR file takes on that of the intended image dimensions (after the masks are composited), whereas the height in the BMP header takes on that of the two mask images combined (before they are composited). Therefore, the masks must each be of the same dimensions, and the height specified in the BMP header must be exactly twice the height specified in the ICONDIRENTRY structure.^[12]

32-bit images (including 32-bit BITMAPINFOHEADER-format BMP images^{[Notes 2]}) are specifically a 24-bit image with the addition of an 8-bit channel for alpha compositing. Thus, in 32-bit images, the AND mask is not required, but recommended for consideration. Windows XP and higher will use a 32-bit image in less than True color mode by constructing an AND mask based on the alpha channel (if one does not reside with the image already) if no 24-bit version of the image is supplied in the ICO/CUR file. However, earlier versions of Windows interpret all pixels with 100% opacity unless an AND mask is supplied with the image. Supplying a custom AND mask will also allow for tweaking and hinting by the icon author. Even if the AND mask is not supplied, if the image is in Windows BMP format, the BMP header must still specify a doubled height.

It’s important to note that in the AND mask, as for the pixel array of the bitmap, padding bytes must be appended to the end of each row in order to bring up its length to a multiple of four bytes since it’s basically a (monochrome) bitmap.^[3] The AND mask of an 8×8 pixels bitmap would have 1 byte of data and 3 bytes of padding(8*8*1bpp = 64 bits/8 = 8 bytes of total rows, so each row is 1 byte and 3 bytes of padding are needed), a 16×16 bitmap’s AND mask would have 2 bytes of data and 2 bytes of padding, a 32×32 bitmap’s AND mask would have 4 bytes of data and no padding. Note that the quantity of padding bytes needed depend on the dimensions of the bitmap and not its color depth since the AND mask is 1 bit per pixel regardless.

All values in ICO/CUR files are represented in little-endian byte order.

ICONDIR structure

Image entry

ICONDIRENTRY structure

All image data referenced by entries in the image directory proceed directly after the image directory. It is customary practice to store them in the same order as defined in the image directory.

If an image is stored in BMP format, it must exclude the opening BITMAPFILEHEADER structure.

The height of the BMP image must be twice the height declared in the image directory. This is because the actual image data will contain two parts: the actual image immediately followed by a 1 bit mask of the same size as the image used to determine which pixels will be drawn.

The mask has to align to a DWORD (32 bits) and should be packed with 0s. A 0 pixel means ‘the corresponding pixel in the image will be drawn’ and a 1 means ‘ignore this pixel’. The pixel colour is either explicit for 24 and 32 bit versions (which do not have colour tables), indexed for the other depths (1,2,4,8,16) in table of a four byte (BGRA) colours that follows the BITMAPINFOHEADER.

For 1 bit, typically the two colours are #00000000 and #00FFFFFF and the A channel is ignored.

The pixel data for 1,2,4,8 and 16 bits is packed by byte and DWORD aligned.

24 bit images are stored as B G R triples but are not DWORD aligned.

32 bit images are stored as B G R A quads.

Originally, ICOs and CURs were intended to be used on monochrome displays and used the formula Output = (Existing AND Mask) XOR Image but on colour screens, the cursor is composed using A channel blending and the mask is used to determine which pixels are included or excluded.

If an image is stored in PNG format, then there is no BITMAPINFOHEADER and the contents of the PNG image in full are used instead.

The ability to read PNG images from ICO format images was introduced in Windows Vista.^[7] A PNG image can be stored in the image in the same way as done for a standard Windows BMP format image, with the exception that the PNG image must be stored in its entirety, with its file header in 32bpp ARGB format.^[7]

Note: CUR files cannot use PNG image data and must use BMP image data as per ICOs.^[7]

Icons and cursors in Portable Executable (EXE or DLL) files are organised in resources of type RT_GROUP_ICON, RT_GROUP_CURSOR, RT_ICON and RT_CURSOR.^[13]

RT_GROUP_ICON and RT_GROUP_CURSOR resources contain NEWHEADER structure and one or more RESDIR structures which have almost the same format as corresponding ICONDIR and ICONDIRENTRY structures in ICO/CUR files. Main difference is in RESDIR that the last member of the structure contains two-byte resource identifier of the RT_ICON/RT_CURSOR instead of image offset in the file.

NEWHEADER/RESDIR structures also referred as GRPICONDIR/GRPICONDIRENTRY in many sources.^[14]

NEWHEADER structure

RESDIR structure

RT_ICON and RT_CURSOR resources have the same image data format as in ICO files and can store PNG images as well. Additionally, first four bytes of RT_CURSOR resource data contain the cursor hotspot data, as two WORD (16 bit) values (in contrast to CUR files, in which hotspot data is contained in the ICONDIRENTRY structure).^[15]

An icon library is a way to package Windows icons. It is typically a 16-bit New Executable or a 32-bit Portable Executable binary file having an .ICL extension with icon resources being the packaged icons. Windows Vista and later versions do not support viewing icons from 16-bit (New Executable) files.^[16]

• Apple Icon Image format
• BMP file format
• Computer icon
• Favicon
• List of icon software

• Icon design guidelines for Windows Vista icons
• Icon design guidelines for Windows 10 app icons
• Icons (1995 Microsoft Technical Article)
• The evolution of the ICO file format (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4)
• The format of icon resources
• The format of icon resources, revisited
• A Look Inside Windows Icons, Part 1 — PC Mag Jan 26, 1993 Vol.12 No. 2
• A Look Inside Windows Icons, Part 2 — PC Mag Feb 9, 1993 Vol.12 No. 3
• Enable High Color Icons in Windows 95 and later
• Enhance Java GUIs with Windows Icons

A Quick & Easy guide to Microsoft Windows Icon Size

There is sometimes a little confusion over the different sizes required to create a Windows 7 Application Icon file. This is in some way brought about by the flexibility of the ICO format and its ability to ‘contain’ many image sizes and colour depths but is also not helped by Microsoft’s own quite poor documentation on Windows Icon Size, see here.

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If you want to create an Windows 7 Compliant ‘Application Icon’, to be used as a short-cut, a file type, or embedded in an executable file, it must contain the minimum following icon sizes:

Standard Windows Icon Size for ICO format

• 256 x 256 pixels  – 32bit (24bit colour, 8bit transparency)
• 48 x 48 pixels  – 32bit (24bit colour, 8bit transparency)
• 32 x 32 pixels  – 32bit (24bit colour, 8bit transparency)
• 16 x 16 pixels  – 32bit (24bit colour, 8bit transparency)

To allow for backwards compatibility with Windows operating systems of software with a limited colour palette, you can also include the above icon sizes in 8bit (256 colours, 1bit colour transparency) and if you really wish to cover all eventualities in your icon design, 4bit (16 colours, 1bit transparency). This last colour depth is very rarely of use and as a rule I don’t tend to include it unless requested specifically by the client as it just uses up unnecessary space. In fact, more often than not, 32bit ICO files are fine for most projects but I recommend you test in the final application before making this decision.

Additional Common Windows Icon Sizes

There are other additional Icon sizes supported by Windows Icons but they are rarely used. However, I will list them here for completion.

Extra Icon Sizes

• 128 x 128 pixels
• 96 x 96 pixels
• 180 x 180 pixels
• 72 x 72 pixels
• 64 x 64 pixels
• 24 x 24 pixels

The size most commonly used size on this list is ’24 x 24′ as it is a standard size for menus within Windows 7 and 3rd-party software. When creating ICO files specifically for menus, rather than app icons, 16 x 16, 24 x 24 & 32 x 32 are the three most common sizes used.

Testing your Windows 7 Icon

The easiest way to test the compatibility of your Windows 7 ICO files is in a standard ‘Window’.

Save your ICO files into a folder and then use the ‘View’ drop down to select the view or size of icon you wish to see.

Windows 7 automatically scales the icons as you move between the sizes you have created. You can test this by moving the slider up and down.

The actual sizes displayed at each of the headings are as follows:

• Extra Large Icons – 256 x 256 pixels
• Large Icons – 96 x 96 pixels (Automatically rendered by Windows from 256 version)
• Medium Icons – 48 x 48 pixels
• Small Icons – 16 x 16 pixels
• List – 16 x 16 pixels
• Details – 16 x 16  pixels
• Tiles – 48 x 48 pixels
• Content – 32 x 32  pixels

Windows Icon Size Oddities

ICO files can also be used as overlays within Windows 7, a prime example is the small curved arrow used as a short-cut symbol on ‘Shortcut’ icons. Windows overlays a transparent ICO file with a small offset graphic within the bottom left corner, on top of the standard Application ICO file. Annotations is another case applying to the bottom right hand side but I have never come across a request from a client to create icons of this description in the 15 or so years I have been an icon designer, so it is not something I would lose any sleep over.

I hope you found this overview useful.

See all the guidelines and recommendations of the most suitable icon formats for each OS in one place.

It might seem overwhelming to consider all the requirements that mobile, desktop, and wearable device operation systems have for the icon formats and sizes. We gathered all popular OS guides in one article to ensure your interface meets the official guidelines. Pin this tab and use it as a reminder.

List of OS platforms

• Mobile
  • iOS
  • iPadOS
  • Android
  • HarmonyOS
• Desktop
  • MacOS
  • Windows
  • Linux
• Wearable gadgets
  • Watch OS
  • Wear OS
  • HarmonyOS for watch
  • visionOS
• TV
  • tvOS
  • Android TV
  • Tizen OS

Mobile

• iOS
• iPadOS
• Android
• HarmonyOS

iOS

See the full guidelines on the Apple official website.

Interface icons

Basically, there are no strict regulations about the size of the interface icon in iOS. You just need to adjust it to your app interface hierarchy and keep it consistent throughout the entire app. Here is a list of common sizes:

• 256px x 256px @1x, 512px x 512px @2x
• 128px x 128px @1x, 256px x 256px @2x
• 32px x 32px @1x, 64px x 64px @2x
• 16px x 16px @1x, 32px x 32px @2x

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

You can find all the basics about interface icons for iOS at the SF Symbols page.
Couldn’t find the icon you need in the main catalog from Apple? Here are custom-made:

• SF symbols by Icons8
• iOS icons by Icons8

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

App icon

Note: don’t put any additional border or overlay on your Settings icon. iOS automatically adds a 1-pixel stroke to all icons to look good on Settings’ white background.

iPadOS

iPadOS has similar requirements to iOS. See general Apple guidelines here.

Interface icons

Interface icon sizes used in iPadOS are also similar to iOS ones. To make sure, keep this list in mind:

• 256px x 256px @1x, 512px x 512px @2x
• 128px x 128px @1x, 256px x 256px @2x
• 32px x 32px @1x, 64px x 64px @2x
• 16px x 16px @1x, 32×32 px @2x

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Before creating your own icons, check this 10K+ icons catalog from Icons8 made by Apple guidelines.

App icon

Like iOS, here is the general tip: don’t add any border or overlay to the Settings icon cause the system will automatically add a stroke 1-pixel thickness around it. Use a standardized one from the SF Symbols list, or design yours with these sizes in mind:

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Android

Android is a mobile OS made by Google. The UI design is based on the Material Design System. Here, you can check the full guidelines for the latest version, Material 3. The following works with both smartphones and tablets operating on Android.

Interface icons

Google uses dp to measure the size of icons. 1dp is basically equal to 1px on the 160dpi screen. If, for example, your interface is viewed on a 320dpi screen, 1px will be equal here to 2dp, and so on.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Here are some handy sources to check:

• Material icons by Icons8
• Material icons catalog on Google Fonts
• Material icons Figma plugin from Google
• Design principles for icons in Material design

App icons

Quick format check to follow in your Android app icon design:

• Final artwork size: 512px x 512px
• Format: 32-bit PNG
• Color space: sRGB
• Max file size: 1024KB

Google Play automatically applies a 20% squared corner radius to your app icon. Ensure that all important parts of your design fit 384px x 384px, and nothing will be cut. A shadow mask will also be applied automatically, so upload your artwork without it.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Other than that, Google doesn’t allow you to use additional text or graphic elements on your app icon that:

• indicate your app ranking
• promote deals or incentivize installs
• indicate participation in a Play program
• can mislead users.

For more information, check Google Play icon design specifications.

HarmonyOS

HarmonyOS is the operating system developed by Huawei. The main idea is based on full adaptivity. This means that using the same system capabilities, you can apply it to all kinds of devices, including mobile phones, tablets, PCs, smart TVs, wearables, smart speakers, head units, earphones, and AR/VR glasses. This makes a bit of a difference in the interface design. All elements are measured not in pixels but in vp (virtual pixels) to ensure that all interface elements have a consistent visual volume on devices with different densities. But keep in mind that you need specific icon maker software to produce elements of this type.

Interface icons

The final size of the system icon in HarmonyOS is 24vp with 1vp of space reserved around the drawing area. The drawing area depends on the shape of your graphics, which is:

See the full guide for the interface icons on the official HarmonyOS portal.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

App icon

HarmonyOS app icons adopt the neumorphism design approach, so using a semi-transparent blur effect and layered design techniques is preferable. The system automatically applies an adaptive mask to unify icons.

The final artwork should be uploaded in *.png. Here is the sizing:

Check out the comprehensive app icon official guide here.

Desktop

• MacOS
• Windows
• Linux

MacOS

Here is Apple’s guide for designing macOS apps.

Interface icons

Standard sizes for all system icons in the Apple ecosystem are the following:

• 256px x 256px @1x, 512×512 px @2x
• 128×128 px @1x, 256×256 px @2x
• 32×32 px @1x, 64×64 px @2x
• 16×16 px @1x, 32×32 px @2x

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

You can find all the basics about interface icons for macOS at the SF Symbols page.
Couldn’t find the icon you need in the main catalog from Apple? Here are custom-made:

• SF symbols by Icons8
• iOS icons by Icons8

App icon

Use the drop shadow in the icon-design template. The app-icon template includes the system-defined drop shadow that helps your app icon coordinate with other macOS icons.

Create a 1024px x 1024px version of your macOS app icon for the App Store. In addition, you also need to supply the icon in the following sizes.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Learn more about the design guide for macOS app icons here.

Document icons

If your macOS app can use a custom document type, you can create a document icon to represent it. It looks like a piece of paper with its top-right corner folded down. This helps people distinguish documents from apps and other content, even when icon sizes are small.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

You can supply a combination of background fill, center image, and text to create a custom document icon.

Sizes for the background fill image:

• 512px x 512px @1x, 1024px x 1024px @2x
• 256px x 256px @1x, 512px x 512px @2x
• 128px x 128px @1x, 256px x 256px @2x
• 32px x 32px @1x, 64px x 64px @2x
• 16px x 16px @1x, 32px x 32px @2x

Center images (pictogram) sizes:

• 256px x 256px @1x, 512px x 512px @2x
• 128px x 128px @1x, 256px x 256px @2x
• 32px x 32px @1x, 64px x 64px @2x
• 16px x 16px @1x, 32px x 32px @2x

Define a margin that measures about 10% of the image canvas and keep most of the image within it. Although parts of the image can extend into this margin for optical alignment, it’s best when the image occupies about 80% of the image canvas. For example, most of the center image in a 256px x 256px canvas would fit in an area that measures 205px x 205px.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

You can use minimalistic icons from the Icons8 pack designed by Apple’s guidelines for your center image. The complete guide for macOS custom document icon design is here.

Windows

The complete info about icons used in Windows OS apps is on the official Microsoft page.

Interface icons

Windows 11 introduces a new system icon font, Segoe Fluent Icons. All glyphs in Segoe Fluent Icons are drawn in a monoline style. That means they’re created through a single stroke of 1epx.

For easier usage, the size of the icon complements the font size around it. For example, if you use 16pt font, put a 16epx *.svg icon next to it.

You can check these colored Windows 11 icons that fit with Microsoft guidelines.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

App icon

When Windows displays your app’s icon, it will first look for an exact size match. If there is no match, it will look for the next size above and scale down. Including more icon sizes with your app means Windows will more often have a pixel-perfect match and reduce the amount of scaling applied to scaled icons.

Here is the complete list of icons and variations for Windows OS.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Linux

Being an open-source OS made by developers, Linux doesn’t have its own human interface. Several significant contributors provide Linux users with an interface. In this article, we will cover the most popular.

GNOME

The largest human interface contributor to Linux. You can find GNOME Human Interface Guidelines here.

Interface icons

GNOME UI icons use the “symbolic” style. This is simple and monochrome and is designed to work well in smaller sizes. As an example of such minimalistic icons, you can use this pack by Icons8, which is designed for small interfaces and is not overloaded by too many details.

This is a list of all preferable sizes of symbolics:

• 16px x 16px
• 32px x 32px
• 64px x 64px
• 128px x 128px

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

The GNOME team strongly recommends using these sizes only and *.svg format to prevent fuzzy rendering.

See the main UI icons guide on the GNOME website.

App icons

GNOME’s app icon’s standard size is 128px × 128px. But the icon itself shouldn’t fill this space entirely. Follow the guides in the app icon template, and ensure your icon has a similar visual weight to other app icons.

App icons are defined at 128px × 128px but are typically viewed at 64px × 64px and can be scaled down to 32px × 32px. Therefore, avoid adding too much detail, as this will be lost at small sizes.

The official guideline is here.

KDE

Unlike any other guidelines in this article, the KDE design system divides icons into colorful and monochromatic types. Each has a separate design guide.

Interface icons

The size of the icon depends on the purpose:

Application icons

Application icons always use the colorful icon style. Their baseline size is 48 pixels.
Learn more about app icon design guidelines on the KDE website.

Elementary OS

Probably, the Linux contributor with the richest design environment.

Interface icons

Design each icon for the size it’s meant to be viewed at. So the Elementary team recommends you design icons in each size individually. Here is Dustin Curtis’ article, Pixel-fitting, that can help you with that.

The main system sizes for icons in Elementary OS are:

• 16px x 16px
• 24px x 24px
• 32px x 32px
• 48px x 48px
• 64px x 64px
• 128px x 128px

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

This sizing is also applied to the app icons. Note: only the colored icon can be used as the application pic. For more information, check the complete guide here.

Wearable gadgets

• Watch OS
• Wear OS
• HarmonyOS for watch
• visionOS

Watch OS

Apple doesn’t have any additional considerations for the watchOS since it uses iOS icon guidelines.

Interface icons

Here is a list of standard sizes:

• 256px x 256px @1x, 512px x 512px @2x
• 128px x 128px @1x, 256px x 256px @2x
• 32px x 32px @1x, 64px x 64px @2x
• 16px x 16px @1x, 32ps x 32px @2x

You can find all the basics about interface icons for iOS at the SF Symbols page.
Couldn’t find the icon you need in the main catalog from Apple? Here are custom-made:

• SF symbols by Icons8
• iOS icons by Icons8
• Simple small icons made perfect for tiny interfaces.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

App icons

A watchOS app icon is circular and displays no accompanying text. Sizes in pixels:

If you have a companion iPhone app, you must also supply your watchOS app icon in the following sizes.

You can find the official guidelines here.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Wear OS

Wear OS follows Material Design principles for iconography.

Interface icons

Interface icons for Wear OS are the same size as the main Android UI icons.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Here are some handy sources to check:

• Material icons by Icons8
• Material icons catalog on Google Fonts
• Material icons Figma plugin from Google
• Design principles for icons in Material design

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

App icons

Since applications for Wear OS are available at the main Google Play app store, the sizing and format for the app icons here are the same as for Android.

• Final artwork size: 512px x 512px
• Format: 32-bit PNG
• Color space: sRGB
• Max file size: 1024KB

Google Play automatically applies a 20% squared corner radius to your app icon. Ensure that all important parts of your design fit 384px x 384px, and nothing will be cut. A shadow mask will also be applied automatically, so upload your artwork without it.

For more, check Google Play icon design specifications.

HarmonyOS for watch

Since the most important feature of this OS is about full adaptivity of the interface, HarmonyOS for watch icons guidelines is no different from HarmonyOS for other devices.

Interface icons

The final size of the system icon in HarmonyOS is 24vp with 1vp of space reserved around the drawing area. The drawing area depends on the shape of your graphics, which is:

See the full guide for the interface icons on the official HarmonyOS portal.

App icon

This icon type is consistent with that on the mobile phone home screen. Use round backdrops.

• Backdrop (slice) size: 76vp (transparent blank area around the backdrop)
• Icon size: 60vp.

The final artwork should be uploaded in *.png. Here is the sizing:

Check out the comprehensive app icon official guide here.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

visionOS

Apple Vision Pro is all about new, multi-dimensional experiences, so its apps should also fit this new concept of “Spatial user interface.” Check Apple’s introduction video to learn the basics about this concept.

Interface icons

For the UI icons in visionOS use the standard list of sizing requirements that is general for all OS’s in the Apple ecosystem:

More about it here.

App icons

A visionOS app icon is circular. It includes up to three layers:

• background layer
• one or two layers on top

Altogether, it produces the 3D effect. All layers should be provided separately as flat, squared images. Apple recommends designing mostly center-oriented layers for the best volume effect. More about this on Apple’s website.

Create an app icon that measures 1024px x 1024px for display in the Home View.

TV

• tvOS
• Android TV
• Tizen OS

tvOS

Here are the main guidelines from Apple about designing for tvOS.

Interface icons

TvOS uses the list of sizing requirements that are standard for most OS’s in the Apple ecosystem:

More about it here.

App icons

App icons use the PNG format and support the following color spaces:

• sRGB (color)
• Gray Gamma 2.2 (grayscale)

In addition, app icons in tvOS support Display P3 (wide-gamut color).

The sizing is the following:

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Android TV

Like for Android for smartphones, for Android TV, Google uses Material 3 as the main guidelines.

Interface icons

System icons are measured in dp. 1dp is basically equal to 1px on the 160dpi screen. If, for example, your interface is viewed on a 320dpi screen, 1px will be equal here to 2dp, and so on.

Here are some handy sources to check:

• Material icons by Icons8
• Material icons catalog on Google Fonts
• Material icons Figma plugin from Google
• Design principles for icons in Material design

App icons

There are two formats to consider: banners and launcher icons for Android TV.

Banner

The Banner logo is a 16×9 aspect ratio logo used in Android TV OS to show your app launcher. You can also provide xhdpi resources with the size of 320px x 180px when using API level 25 or lower.

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Launcher icon

The Launcher icon is a 1×1 aspect ratio resource used in multiple places, such as Settings and Media session integrations (Now playing card) on Android TV. The launcher icon can also be used in the Your Apps row on Google TV.

A full guide on creating app icons for Android TV is here.

Tizen OS

Most of the Samsung Smaty TVs use Tizen OS. This open-source operational system allows you to customize your app for it freely.

Interface icons

There are no strict rules about interface icon sizing in Tizen Os for smart TVs. Here is the list of the most common sizes used depending on the screen type:

Check full guides on the main developer’s website.

App icons

The main icon should have the following properties:

• File format: PNG file with a transparent background
• Size for a WVGA-screen device: 82px x 82px
• Size for the Tizen Store: 512px x 512px

NOTE: Always surround each icon with 2 pixels of transparent free space.

An application icon for Samsung Smart TV for 2016 model groups and later has two images. To correctly display your application icon on 2016 Samsung Smart TVs and later, you must comply with the conditions:

Картинка с сайта: blog.icons8.com

Summary

When designing the app, always check the requirements of each OS since they sometimes can be tricky.

For an easier way, you can always choose icons from the main OS’s catalog:

• SF Symbols 5 by Apple
• Material symbols on Google fonts
• WinUI Gallery sources by Microsoft

You also can use these custom-made icons:

• SF Symbols Regular
• SF Symbols Regular filled
• Material Filled
• Material Outline
• Material Two-tone
• Windows 11 Color
• Windows 11 Outline
• Windows 11 Filled
• Windows Metro
• Simple Small
• Tiny Color
• Tiny Glyph
• Color Glass

About the author
Natalie Novice. Content marketing manager with a designer’s eye and a storyteller’s heart. Transforms dense UX concepts into binge-worthy blog posts, secretly rewrites all team communications for clarity, and maintains a “wall of shame” documenting terrible designs spotted in the wild.

Материал из РУВИКИ — свободной энциклопедии

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. ICO.

ICO (Windows icon) — формат хранения файлов значков в Microsoft Windows.

Формат ICO аналогичен формату CUR (Windows cursors), предназначенному для хранения курсоров. Отличие состоит в численном значении одного поля в заголовочной структуре и интерпретации значений двух других полей этой же структуры.

Один ICO-файл содержит один или несколько значков разных размеров и разрешений. Размер значка может быть любым, но наиболее употребимы квадратные значки со стороной 16, 32 и 48 пикселей. Также используются значки с размером 24, 40, 60, 72, 92, 108, 128 пикселей.

Значки бывают в естественном цвете (True Color, глубина цвета 24 бит), High Color (глубина цвета 16 бит) или с фиксированной палитрой (из двухсот пятидесяти шести, шестнадцати или всего из двух цветов). В этом случае число, соответствующее каждому пикселю, указывает не на цвет, а на номер цвета в палитре.

По своей структуре изображения в файле ICO наиболее близки к BMP, но принципиально отличаются от них наличием дополнительного изображения — маски, накладываемой на задний план при помощи операции побитового «И», что позволяет реализовать (полную) прозрачность рисунка. Последующее наложение основного изображения с помощью «исключающего ИЛИ» может даже дать «инверсные» пиксели в тех местах, где задний план не был замаскирован.

Кроме того, начиная с Windows XP поддерживаются 32-битные значки — каждому пикселу соответствует 24-бита цвета и 8-битный альфа-канал, позволяющий реализовать 256 уровней частичной прозрачности. С помощью альфа-канала можно отображать значки со сглаженными (размытыми) краями и тенью, сочетающимися с любым фоном; маска в этом случае игнорируется.

Начиная с Windows Vista, формат поддерживает размеры значков более 256 пикселей на сторону и сжатие с помощью формата PNG. В этом случае маска не содержится в файле отдельно, а генерируется автоматически из альфа-канала PNG изображения.^[2]

Файл состоит из заголовка фиксированной длины, каталога информации о изображениях и непосредственно изображений.

Заголовок[править | править код]

Заголовок имеет размер 6 байт:

Каталог информации об изображениях[править | править код]

Представляет собой последовательные записи фиксированного размера (16 байт), следующие одна за другой. Количество записей определяется полем count заголовка.

Часть полей может содержать 0 и легко получается из других данных; например, если изображение не хранится в формате PNG, тогда количество битов на пиксель рассчитывается на основе информации о размере растра, а также его ширине и высоте.

• Значок
• favicon
• Глубина цвета