Как установить graphviz на windows

Platform: Windows

Windows users might want to check the status of known issues
(gvedit.exe, sfdp, commands) and consider trying an older archived
version as a workaround (e.g. graphviz-2.38.msi).

>>> import graphviz

>>> dot = graphviz.Digraph('round-table', comment='The Round Table')  

>>> dot  
<graphviz.graphs.Digraph object at 0x...>

>>> dot.node('A', 'King Arthur')  
>>> dot.node('B', 'Sir Bedevere the Wise')
>>> dot.node('L', 'Sir Lancelot the Brave')

>>> dot.edges(['AB', 'AL'])
>>> dot.edge('B', 'L', constraint='false')

>>> print(dot.source)  
// The Round Table
digraph "round-table" {
    A [label="King Arthur"]
    B [label="Sir Bedevere the Wise"]
    L [label="Sir Lancelot the Brave"]
    A -> B
    A -> L
    B -> L [constraint=false]
}

Attention

Skip/ignore any doctest_mark_exe() lines in documentation code examples.

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> dot.render(directory='doctest-output').replace('\\', '/')
'doctest-output/round-table.gv.pdf'

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> dot.render(directory='doctest-output', view=True)  
'doctest-output/round-table.gv.pdf'

Attention

Backslash-escapes and strings of the form <...>
have a special meaning in the DOT language
and are currently passed on as is by this library.
If you need to render arbitrary strings literally (e.g. from user input),
consider wrapping them with the graphviz.escape() function first.
See the sections on Backslash escapes
and Quoting and HTML-like labels below for details.

>>> import graphviz

>>> g = graphviz.Graph(format='png')  

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> dot = graphviz.Digraph('hello')
>>> dot.edge('hello', 'world')
>>> dot.format = 'svg'

>>> dot.render(directory='doctest-output').replace('\\', '/')
'doctest-output/hello.gv.svg'

>>> import graphviz

>>> h = graphviz.Graph('hello', format='svg')  

>>> h.edge('Hello', 'World')

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> h.pipe(format='pdf')[:4]
b'%PDF'

>>> print(h.pipe(encoding='utf-8'))  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg
...
</svg>

Tip

Because pipe() returns the raw stdout
from the layout subprocess by default (bytes),
you usually want to decode the return value
when piping into formats like 'svg' or 'plain',

Caution

The output for pipe() is buffered in memory,
so avoid this method if the data size is large.

Hint

You can also use display_svg(), display_png(), or .display_jpeg()
from IPython.display to display the rendered
Graph or Digraph as SVG, PNG or JPEG
in IPython/Jupyter.

>>> import graphviz  

>>> ps = graphviz.Digraph('pet-shop', node_attr={'shape': 'plaintext'})

>>> ps.node('parrot')
>>> ps.node('dead')
>>> ps.edge('parrot', 'dead')

>>> ps.graph_attr['rankdir'] = 'LR'  
>>> ps.edge_attr.update(arrowhead='vee', arrowsize='2')

>>> print(ps.source)  
digraph "pet-shop" {
    graph [rankdir=LR]
    node [shape=plaintext]
    edge [arrowhead=vee arrowsize=2]
    parrot
    dead
    parrot -> dead
}

Hint

Attribute statements affect all later graphs, nodes, or edges
within the same (sub-)graph.

>>> import graphviz

>>> ni = graphviz.Graph('ni')  

>>> ni.attr('node', shape='rarrow')
>>> ni.node('1', 'Ni!')
>>> ni.node('2', 'Ni!')

>>> ni.node('3', 'Ni!', shape='egg')

>>> ni.attr('node', shape='star')
>>> ni.node('4', 'Ni!')
>>> ni.node('5', 'Ni!')

>>> ni.attr(rankdir='LR')  

>>> ni.edges(['12', '23', '34', '45'])

>>> print(ni.source)  
graph ni {
    node [shape=rarrow]
    1 [label="Ni!"]
    2 [label="Ni!"]
    3 [label="Ni!" shape=egg]
    node [shape=star]
    4 [label="Ni!"]
    5 [label="Ni!"]
    rankdir=LR
    1 -- 2
    2 -- 3
    3 -- 4
    4 -- 5
}

Caution

As colons are used to indicate port and compass for edges,
node names containing one or more literal colons :
are currently not supported.
GH #54

Tip

There is no such restriction for the label argument,
so you can work around by choosing a colon-free name
together with the wanted label as demonstrated below

>>> import graphviz  

>>> cpp = graphviz.Digraph('C++')

>>> cpp.node('A', 'std::string')
>>> cpp.node('B', '"spam"')

>>> cpp.edge('A', 'B')

>>> print(cpp.source)  
digraph "C++" {
    A [label="std::string"]
    B [label="\"spam\""]
    A -> B
}

Attention

This means that literal backslashes need to be escaped (doubled) by the user.
As the backslash is also special in Python string literals
a second level of doubling is needed.
E.g. label='\\\\' for a label that is rendered as single literal backlash: \.

>>> import graphviz  

>>> e = graphviz.Digraph('escapes')

>>> e.node('backslash', label=r'\\')
>>> e.node('multi_line', label=r'centered\nleft\lright\r')

>>> print(e.source)  
digraph escapes {
    backslash [label="\\"]
    multi_line [label="centered\nleft\lright\r"]
}

>>> bs = graphviz.Digraph('literal_backslash')  

>>> bs.node(graphviz.escape('\\'))

>>> print(bs.source)  
digraph literal_backslash {
    "\\"
}

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> bs.render(format='svg', directory='doctest-output').replace('\\', '/')
'doctest-output/literal_backslash.gv.svg'

Historical note

To prevent breaking the internal quoting mechanism, the special meaning
of \" as a backslash-escaped quote has been disabled
since version 0.14 of this library.
E.g. both label='"' and label='\\"'
now produce the same DOT source [label="\""]
(a label that renders as a literal quote).
See also examples/graphviz-escapes.ipynb
(nbviewer).

>>> import graphviz  

>>> q = graphviz.Digraph()

>>> q.edge('spam', 'eggs eggs')
>>> q.edge('node', '"here\'s a quote"')

>>> print(q.source)  
digraph {
    spam -> "eggs eggs"
    "node" -> "\"here's a quote\""
}

>>> h = graphviz.Graph('html_table')  

>>> h.node('tab', label='''<<TABLE>
...  <TR>
...    <TD>left</TD>
...    <TD>right</TD>
...  </TR>
... </TABLE>>''')

>>> d = graphviz.Digraph('diamond', format='svg')  

>>> d.node('diamond', label=graphviz.nohtml('<>'))

>>> print(d.source)  
digraph diamond {
    diamond [label="<>"]
}

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> d.render(directory='doctest-output').replace('\\', '/')
'doctest-output/diamond.gv.svg'

Historical note

Before version 0.8.2,
the only workaround was to add leading or trailing space
(label=' <>'):

>>> import graphviz  

>>> p = graphviz.Graph(name='parent')
>>> p.edge('spam', 'eggs')

>>> c = graphviz.Graph(name='child', node_attr={'shape': 'box'})
>>> c.edge('foo', 'bar')

>>> p.subgraph(c)

>>> p = graphviz.Graph('parent')  
>>> p.edge('spam', 'eggs')

>>> with p.subgraph(name='child', node_attr={'shape': 'box'}) as c:
...    c.edge('foo', 'bar')

>>> print(p.source)  
graph parent {
    spam -- eggs
    subgraph child {
        node [shape=box]
        foo -- bar
    }
}

Tip

If the name of a subgraph begins with 'cluster' (all lowercase),
the layout engine treats it as a special cluster subgraph
(example ).
See the Subgraphs and Clusters section in DOT language.

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> p = graphviz.Graph('parent', directory='doctest-output')

>>> with p.subgraph(name='child') as c:
...    c.edge('bacon', 'eggs')
...    c.render().replace('\\', '/')
'doctest-output/child.gv.pdf'

Note

These copied attributes are only relevant for rendering the subgraph
independently (i.e. as a stand-alone graph) from within the with-block.

>>> import graphviz  

>>> g = graphviz.Graph(engine='neato')

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> import graphviz

>>> n = graphviz.Digraph(name='splines', engine='neato',
...                      graph_attr={'splines': 'true'},
...                      node_attr={'shape': 'point'})
>>> n.node('a', pos='0,0!', color='blue')
>>> n.node('b', pos='100,0!', color='green')
>>> n.node('c', pos='50,50!', color='red')
>>> n.edge('a', 'b', pos='0,0 30,66 70,60 100,0')
>>> n.render(neato_no_op=2, directory='doctest-output').replace('\\', '/')
'doctest-output/splines.gv.pdf'

>>> import graphviz  

>>> w = graphviz.Digraph('wide')

>>> w.edges(('0', str(i)) for i in range(1, 10))

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> w.view()  

Hint

unflatten() improves the aspect ratio of graphs
with many leaves or disconnected nodes.

>>> u = w.unflatten(stagger=3)  

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> u.view()  

>>> u = w.unflatten(stagger=2)  
>>> u  
<graphviz.sources.Source object at 0x...>

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> u.view()  

>>> import graphviz

>>> rt = graphviz.Digraph(comment='The Round Table')  

>>> rt.body.append('\t"King Arthur" -> {\n\t\t"Sir Bedevere", "Sir Lancelot"\n\t}\n')
>>> rt.edge('Sir Bedevere', 'Sir Lancelot', constraint='false')

>>> print(rt.source)  
// The Round Table
digraph {
    "King Arthur" -> {
        "Sir Bedevere", "Sir Lancelot"
    }
    "Sir Bedevere" -> "Sir Lancelot" [constraint=false]
}

Attention

Note that you might need to correctly quote/escape identifiers
and strings containing whitespace or other special characters
when using this method.

>>> import graphviz  

>>> src = graphviz.Source('digraph "the holy hand grenade" { rankdir=LR; 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> lob }')

>>> src  
<graphviz.sources.Source object at 0x...>

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> src.render('doctest-output/holy-grenade.gv').replace('\\', '/')
'doctest-output/holy-grenade.gv.pdf'

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> src.render('doctest-output/holy-grenade.gv', view=True).replace('\\', '/')  
'doctest-output/holy-grenade.gv.pdf'

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> import pathlib
>>> import graphviz

>>> src = 'digraph "the holy hand grenade" { rankdir=LR; 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> lob }'
>>> filepath = pathlib.Path('doctest-output/the-holy-hand-grenade.gv')
>>> filepath.write_text(src, encoding='ascii')
66

>>> graphviz.render('dot', 'png', filepath).replace('\\', '/')
'doctest-output/the-holy-hand-grenade.gv.png'

Tip

You can use the tempfile.mktemp() function
from the stdlib tempfile module to render to a different file
for each invocation. This avoids needing to close the viewer window
each time within such an incremental workflow
(and also serves to preserves the intermediate steps).

>>> import tempfile  
>>> import graphviz

>>> g = graphviz.Graph()

>>> g.node('spam')

>>> doctest_mark_exe()  # skip this line

>>> g.view(tempfile.mktemp('.gv'))  
'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmp3aoie8d0.gv.pdf'

>>> g.view(tempfile.mktemp('.gv'))  
'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmphh4ig7a_.gv.pdf'