Как установить arch linux рядом с windows 10 — Ваш верный помощник с OS Windows

Newb’s Guide to installing Arch Next to Pre-installed Windows 10

The steps I took to dual boot Arch Linux alongside the preinstalled Windows 10 that came with my new Lenovo Ideapad. I used Ubuntu exclusively for the last 6 years so I’m Window’s illiterate. I don’t know a whole lot about the inner workings of Linux either.

Pre-Instllation Steps

Prepare the preinstalled Windows to share the system.

Verify the boot mode…

Boot into Windows
Press Win key and ‘R’ to start the Run dialog
In the Run dialog type «msinfo32» and press Enter
In the System Information windows, select System Summary on the left and check the value of BIOS mode item on the right.
Make sure the value is UEFI, which means Windows boots in UEFI/GPT mode

Disable secure boot

Open Settings (The gear icon in the start menu)
Click «Updates & Security»
In the «Recovery» menu, click «Restart now» under the «Advanced startup» header
After restart, choose the «Troubleshoot» option.
Choose «Advanced Options»
Choose «UEFI Firmware Settings»
Press the restart button to load the UEFI firmware
In the Security settings find and disable Secure Boot
In the Boot settings also find and disable Fast Boot

Disable Fast Startup

Open Control Panel (Press Windows key, Type «Control Panel» and press enter)
In the «View by» menu, choose «Small Icons» and click on «Power Options».
Open «Choose what power buttons do» on the left side menu.
Click «Change settings that are currently unavailable»
Uncheck «Turn on Fast Startup» and save changes.

Shrink the Windows partition

Press Windows Key + R and type diskmgmt.msc — hit enter
Right click the C drive and choose «Shrink Volume»
Enter the amount of space to shrink the partition (I shrunk mine by 200000mb — 200 gigs)
Click «Shrink»

Make a bootable USB

Choose a mirror from www.archlinux.org/download — I used the American pair.com mirror because it’s the first reputable domain I recognised.
Download the .iso file.
Download Rufus from https://rufus.akeo.ie/
Plug in a new USB stick and open Rufus
Select the USB drive and the downloaded Linux iso.
Choose the GPT partition scheme, FAT32 file system
Press start

Install Arch

We’re ready to boot and install Arch.

Boot the USB

Plug in the USB
Hold down the shift key while clicking Restart
Choose «Troubleshoot» then «Advanced Options» then «UEFI Firmware Settings» then restart.
In the Boot menu, find your bootable USB and move it up above the Windows boot manager so it will boot the USB first.
Save and exit

Load keyboard layout & locale

Type loadkeys us at the command line and press enter
Type locale-gen at the command line and press enter

Hookup them internets

At the command line type rfkill unblock wifi and press enter
Type iw dev and press enter. It will tell you the name of the Wifi interface.
Type wifi-menu <wifi_interface_name> (using your actual interface name) and press enter.
A UI will show allowing you to choose a network and log into it.
After logging in, ping google.com to verify the internets work. After a few packets are sent, CTRL+C to stop pinging — if it says no packets were lost then we’re good.

Partitioning

First type free -m, hit enter. Take note of the amount of total memory available.
Type gdisk /dev/sda and hit enter to start the GPT partitioning program
Create SWAP partition
- At the prompt, type n, press enter to create a new partition
- It will prompt for a partition number. Just hit enter to use the default.
- It asks where to start the first sector. Press enter to accept the default which is automatically the start of unallocated space.
- It asks for the last sector. Type +12GB (I have 12 gigs of memory — if you have more or less you should adjust accordingly) and press enter.
- If it says anything other than «Linux Filesystem» type 8200 at the next prompt. Hit enter.
Create Root partition
- At the prompt, type n, press enter to create a new partition
- It will prompt for a partition number. Just hit enter to use the default.
- It asks where to start the first sector. Press enter to accept the default which is automatically the start of unallocated space.
- It asks for the last sector. Press Enter to accept the default and use all of remaining unallocated space.
- If it says anything other than «Linux Filesystem» type 8300 at the next prompt. Hit enter.
At the prompt, type W, press enter to write changes to the drive. When prompted, type Y and press enter to confirm.

Create SWAP space

Type gdisk -l /dev/sda, press enter and take note of the partition number of the Swap part.
Type mkswap -L "Linux Swap" /dev/sda7 (My swap partition was number 7 — if yours is 5 use /dev/sda5 instead). Hit enter.
Type swapon /dev/sda7 (again, using the apprpriate swap partition number). Hit enter.
Verify status of swap space by typing free -m and press enter. If the last line starts with «Swap:» we’re good.

Format and mount the root partition

Type gdisk -l /dev/sda, press enter and take note of the partition number of the Root part.
Type mkfs.ext4 -L /dev/sda8 (My root partition was number 7 — if yours is 6 use /dev/sda6 instead). Hit enter.
Type mount /dev/sda8 /mnt (again, using the apprpriate swap partition number). Hit enter.

Start the installation

Type pacstrap /mnt base, hit enter.

Mount the EFI partition

Type gdisk -l /dev/sda, press enter and take note of the partition number of the EFI part.
Type mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi (My efi partition was number 1 — if yours is 2 use /dev/sda2 instead). Hit enter.

Configure the system

Type genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab. Hit enter.
Type cat /mnt/etc/fstab, press enter, to verify the file was created correctly.
Change root into the new installation: type arch-chroot /mnt and press enter.

Set the timezone

Type cd /usr/share/zoneinfo && ls press enter. Take note of the appropriate region and use it as follows…
Type cd <region> && ls (replacing <region> with the most appropriate region.) press enter. Take note of the most appropraite city.
Type ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/<region>/<city> /etc/localtime (replacing <region> and <city> with the most appropriate region and city.)
Type hwclock --systohc. Hit enter.

Set the host

Create the file /etc/hostname and write your hostnme in it with nano or vim
Create the file etc/hosts and populate it like this (replacing myhostname with whatever you put in your hostname file.)

127.0.0.1	localhost
::1		localhost
127.0.1.1	myhostname.localdomain	myhostname

Create the root user’s password

Type passwd and press enter
Enter a new root password and press enter. verify it and press enter.

Create new initramfs image

Type mkinitcpio -p linux. Hit enter.

Install Grub bootloader

Type pacman -Syu grub efibootmgr and hit enter.
Type pacman -Syu efibootmgr and hit enter.
Type grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg. Hit enter.
Type grub-install /dev/sda. Hit enter.
Verify the install… Type ls -l /boot/efi/EFI/arch/. Hit Enter. If you see a file called grubx64.efi then all is well.

Create new user

Type useradd -s /bin/bash -m username (replace «username» with the new user’s name). Hit enter.
Type passwd username (replace «username» with the new user’s name). Hit enter.
Enter and verify the password.

Install a desktop environment and some important packages

Type pacman -Syu gnome-desktop. Hit enter.
Type pacman -Syu gdm. Hit enter.
Type systemctl enable gdm. Hit enter.
Type pacman -Syu xterm. Hit enter.
Type pacman -Syu iw. Hit enter.
Type pacman -Syu dialog. Hit enter.
Type pacman -Syu vim. Hit enter.
Type pacman -Syu wpa_supplicant. Hit enter.
Type pacman -Syu os-prober. Hit enter.
Type grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg. Hit enter.

Unmount and reboot

Remove USB
Type exit. Hit enter.
Type umount -R /mnt. Hit enter.
Type reboot. Hit enter.
After a moment it will load back into Arch, this time with a desktop GUI.

Источник

In this guide, you will learn how to Dual boot Arch Linux with Windows 10 on UEFI system. This guide assumes that you already have Windows 10 installed on your system.

Prerequisites

Before you begin configuring the dual-boot setup, ensure that the following requirements are met:

A bootable installation medium of Arch Linux (Either USB or DVD). To download the latest Arch Linux ISO, proceed to the official Arch Linux download page. Once you have downloaded the ISO image, grab an 8GB USB drive and make it bootable using Rufus tool or any other application that can create a bootable USB drive.
A fast and stable internet connection for downloading and installing software packages.

Step 1) Create a separate partition for installation of Arch Linux

For the dual boot setup to work, we need to create a separate partition on the hard drive on which Arch Linux will be installed. To do so, head over to the disk management utility by pressing Windows Key + R. In the dialogue box, type diskmgmt.msc and hit ENTER.

This launches the disk management utility displaying the various disk partitions on your hard drive. We are going to create an unallocated partition by shrinking the C drive. If you have a bigger partition than the C drive, feel free to use it for creating the separate partition,

So, we are going to right-click on drive C and select the ‘Shrink Volume’ option as shown

On the pop-up dialogue box that appears, we are going to specify the amount to shrink as shown. This is the amount that will be designated for the installation of Arch Linux. In our example, we have shrunk 20 GB of hard disk space will serve as the unallocated space.

Once you are satisfied, click on the ‘Shrink’ button.

Your unallocated space will be indicated as shown below. In our case, we have set aside approximately 20G for the installation of Arch Linux.

With the unallocated partition in place, plug in your bootable USB and reboot your PC.

Step 2) Configure BIOS to boot from bootable medium

Before you begin with the installation process, it’s prudent to set the boot priority in the BIOS to select your bootable medium as the most preferred option. Depending on your vendor, you can press the Esc, or F10 key to enter the BIOS and navigate to the boot priority Menu.

Also note that we are using the UEFI mode for installation.

Once you have selected your boot medium, press the ESC button to continue with the booting process.

Step 3) Begin the installation of Arch Linux

On the bootup screen, you will be presented with options as shown below. Select the first option – Arch Linux install medium (x86_64, UEFI) and hit ENTER.

This initialize Arch Linux as evidenced by the boot messages on the screen.

After a few seconds, this ushers you to the prompt as shown below.

To confirm that you have EFI support, run the command:

# ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

You should get some entries on the screen as shown. If nothing is listed on your screen, then it means you are using MBR and this guide won’t work for you in configuring up a dual boot setup.

As you begin the installation, you might want to ensure that you have internet connectivity. Internet connectivity is crucial in setting time and date.

You can ping Google’s DNS as shown:

# ping 8.8.8.8 -c 4

You should get a positive reply as shown.

Step 4) Update time and date

Next, we are going to update the system time and date using the timedatectl command as shown.

# timedatectl set-ntp true

You can thereafter confirm the time and date using the command

# timedatectl status

Step 5) Create & format Linux partitions

Next, we are going to partition our hard drive and create some Linux partitions. An easy way of doing this is using the cfdisk utility. Run the command:

# cfdisk

This displays all the partitions available including Windows partitions.

As you can see, we have some free space of 19.5G that we created earlier in step 1 from shrinking drive C on the Windows side. Using this partition, we shall create the following Linux partitions :

Root partition / 12G
swap partition 4G

To achieve this, we will navigate to the free space with 19.5G just after /dev/sda3 volume and hit ENTER. We will then specify the volume as 12G for the root partition as shown below. Then hit ENTER.

The root partition will be created with the Linux filesystem type as shown.

Next, we will create another partition for swap. Using the same method, we will proceed to the remaining free partition of 7G and select the ‘New’ option.

Specify the partition size as 4G

Since this will be our swap partition, we need to go the extra step and modify the partition type. Therefore, we will select the ‘type’ option and hit ENTER.

In the list that appears, select ‘Linux Swap’ and hit ENTER.

At this point, both the root and Linux swap partitions are created as seen from the partition table below.

To save the partitions, select the ‘Write’ option and hit ENTER.

When prompted if you want to write the partition to disk, simply type ‘yes’ and hit ENTER.

To exit cfdisk utility, select the ‘Quit’ option and hit ENTER.

Step 6) Format and mount the partitions

For the partitions to become usable and available for use, we need to format them and later mount them.

To format the root partition, run the command:

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda5

For swap partition, use the command:

# mkswap /dev/sda6

Then enable swap using the swapon command shown:

# swapon /dev/sda6

Next, mount the root partition to the /mnt directory

# mount /dev/sda5 /mnt

Additionally, we are going to create a directory for the EFI partition on which we will mount the Windows EFI system which , in our case is located on the /dev/sda1 partition.

# mkdir /mnt/efi

Then mount the EFI partition on the EFI mount point.

# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/efi

Step 7) Install base system and other required Linux firmware packages

Next, we are going to install the central packages for our Linux system including the base and Linux-firmware packages.

# pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware

This is going to take quite some time. At this point, you can take a much-deserved break and head out for a stroll and grab some coffee. When the installation is successful, you should get the following output.

Step Generate fstab file

The next step will be to generate the fstab file on the /mnt directory as follows.

# genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

Step 9) Setup timezone

After generating the ftab file, navigate to the newly created root filesystem

# arch-chroot /mnt

You can verify that you are in the root filesystem using the command as shown.

# ls

Time zone information is found in the /usr/share/zoneinfo/ directory. To set your timezone, create a symbolic link to the /etc/localtime

Path.

# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/US/Pacific /etc/localtime

Next, sync the hardware clock using the command:

# hwclock --systohc

Step 10) Set up locale

The locale determines the system language, currency format, numbering and date on your system. This information is contained in the /etc/locale.gen file. So, open the file using the vim editor.

# vim /etc/locale.gen

NOTE: To install the vim editor, use the pacman command as follows:

# pacman -Sy vim

Once you have accessed the file, scroll and uncomment your preferred locale. In this case, we have decided to go with en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8

Save and exit the file. Next generate the locale configuration using the command.

# locale-gen

Next, create a new locale configuration file and save the locale as shown.

# echo "LANG=EN_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf

Step 11) Set up hostname

Next, we are going to configure the hostname of our Arch System. First, create a new file and specify the hostname as shown.

# echo linuxtechi > /etc/hostname

Afterwards, modify the /etc/hosts file as follows.

# echo "127.0.1.1  linuxtechi" >> /etc/hosts

Step 12) Install netctl Network Manager

To use the internet once the installation is complete and upon a reboot, we need to install a network manager. In this example we wil install the netctl network manager as follows

# pacman -Sy netctl

During the installation some optional dependencies for netctl are listed. We are going to install the following dependencies. These are:

dhcpcd – For DHCP support
wpa-supplicant – For wireless networking
ifplugd – For wired connections networking

These dependencies will help you set up networking without a problem when you next boot in to Arch Linux.

To install the optional dependencies, run the command below:

# pacman -Sy dhcpcd wpa-supplicant ifplugd

36-install-dhcpcd-wpa_supplicant-ifplugd

Step 13) Create a regular user

Next, we will create a regular user called linuxtechi and place him in the wheel group as follows.

# useradd -G wheel -m linuxtechi

The next step will be to assign a password to the user.

# passwd linuxtechi

Step 14) Install GRUB bootloader

We are getting close to the finish line. In this step, we will install the grub bootloader to enable us boot into our Arch Linux system upon a reboot.

We will install the grub bootloader package alongside the efi boot manager package since we are using the UEFI mode.

# pacman -S grub efibootmgr

Next, install the os-prober package which will enable Arch Linux to detect the Windows operating system.

# pacman -S os-prober

Then install grub on the EFI directory as shown.

# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB

And install a grub configuration file as shown.

# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

The last line is an indication that Arch has detected the presence of Windows Boot manager on /dev/sda1 partition. Perfect!

The finally, set a password for the root user as shown.

# passwd

Then exit and reboot your system.

# exit
# reboot

Step 15) Boot into Arch Linux

When booting, the GRUB bootloader will display various options including booting into Arch Linux, which is the first option, and also booting into Windows which is the last option in my case.

Step 16) Post Installation tasks

One of the things I noted when I logged in is that I do not have any internet connection. This is an issue caused by the default dhcp profile settings which need to be modified to accommodate the network interface attached to the Arch Linux system.

To find the interfaces attached run the command:

$ ip link

The output confirms that our network interface is enp0s3

We need to modify the ethernet-dhcp file in the /etc/netctl/examples/ path and edit out network interface.

But first, lets copy the file to the /etc/netctl directory.

Switch to the root user

# su

Copy the ethernet-dhcp file to the /etc/netctl directory.

# cp /etc/netctl/examples/ethernet-dhcp  /etc/netctl/custom-dhcp-profile

Next, navigate to the /etc/netctl directory.

# cd /etc/netctl

Use the vim editor to edit the file.

# vim custom-dhcp-profile

The interface attribute is set to eth0.

However, as we saw earlier, our network interface is enp0s3. Therefore, modify it to enp0s3. Additionally, uncomment the line starting with the DHCPClient parameter.

DHCPClient=dhcpcd

This enables the system to accept IP addresses using the dhcp service.

Save and exit the configuration file. Next, enable the custom dhcp profile.

# netctl enable custom-dhcp-profile

And finally enable the dhcp service.

# systemctl enable dhcpcd.service

Your interface should now pick an IP address from the router and you should have an internet connection.

You can install an X windows system as shown,

$ sudo pacman -S xorg xorg-server

Then install a display manager. For example, to install GNOME, run:

$ sudo pacman -S gnome

Then start and enable gdm service

$ sudo systemctl start gdm
$ sudo systemctl enable gdm

This brings us to the end of this lengthy topic. Hopefully, you are now in a position to Dual boot Arch Linux with Windows on UEFI system.

Read Also : How to Create and Configure Sudo User on Arch Linux

Источник

Установка Arch Linux рядом с Windows 10. UEFI.systemd-boot (без GRUB)

Предлагаю посмотреть на базовую установку Arch Linux 64 рядом с Windows UEFI с использованием менеджера загрузки systemd-boot

Исходные данные

Комп ASUS K53BR x64 с UEFI

Графика AMD

Оператива 4 Gb

Винт 465,8 Gb с системой разделов GPT
Установлена Windows 10 64-бит

Сеть WIFI

Требуется

Установка базовой системы Arch Linux 64-bit рядом с Windows 10. UEFI.
Использование менеджера загрузки systemd-boot.

Запускаемся с USB в режиме EFI

Проверяем режим EFI

efivar -l

Должны вывестись список строк.

Подключаем интернет

wifi-menu

Выбираем сеть, вводим пароль.

Проверяем наличие интернет

ping ya.ru

Должны начать выводиться списки загружаемых пакетов

Прерываем и выходим из ping командой ctrl+c

Синхронизация системных часов

timedatectl set-ntp true

Посмотрим наши старые загрузочные записи (если есть)

efibootmgr

1. Видим, что загрузились через USB UEFI
2. Загрузчик Windows
3-5. Записи прочих загрузчиков. Если в свое время устанавливались другие дистрибутивы в раздел EFI, то таких записей может быть несколько. В любом случае визуально все можно понять.

Удаляем не нужные записи командой efibootmgr -b x -B, где x — номер записи в списке по последней цифре. В моем случае это записи 3,4,5.

efibootmgr -b 0 -B

efibootmgr -b 2 -B
efibootmgr -b 5 -B

Просмотрим разделы Windows

Видим, что раздел EFI находится на /dev/sda2. Сюда будем подключать наш загрузчик.
/dev/sda3 и /dev/sda4 — это, соответственно, диски C и D на Windows.

Разметка диска

cfdisk

На свободном месте добавляем разделы

Для root

new 20G type system linux подтверждаем write

Для swap

new 4.8G type linux swap подтверждаем write

Раздел /dev/sda2 с EFI не трогаем, раздел под /home я не создавал, так как пользоваться им практически не придется. Вся инфа лежит на windows разделе. Размер для root и swap, каждый выбирает на свое усмотрение.

Выходим из cfdisk через quit

Получaем разделы

root — sda5

boot — sda2

swap — sda6

Форматирование и подключение

#root

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda5 -L «ARCH»

mount /dev/sda5 /mnt

#boot

mkdir -p /mnt/boot

mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot

#swap

mkswap /dev/sda6

swapon /dev/sda6

Просматриваем и проверяем разделы и подключение

cfdisk

Выходим из cfdisk

Обновляем пакеты

pacman -Syy

При обновлении пакетов видна скорость скачивания с сервера. Если устраивает,то следующий пункт можно пропустить.

Настройка сервера загрузки, как пример, для российского сервера.

nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

Вверху прописываем

Записываем изменения командой ctrl+o

Подтверждаем enter Выходим из редактора ctrl+x

Устанавливаем базовую систему и пакет для будущего использования AUR.

pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware base-devel

Генерируем fstab

genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

Просмотрим созданный fstab

nano /mnt/etc/fstab

Переходим в систему

arch-chroot /mnt

Устанавливаем редактор nano

pacman -S nano

Настроим локаль, время, имя компьютера

loadkeys ru

setfont cyr-sun16

nano /etc/locale.gen

Здесь раскомментирум строки

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8

ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8

Записываем изменения командой ctrl+o

Подтверждаем enter

Выходим из редактора ctrl+x

locale-gen

nano /etc/locale.conf

Прописываем строку

LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8

Записываем изменения командой ctrl+o

Подтверждаем enter

Выходим из редактора ctrl+x

export LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8

nano /etc/vconsole.conf

Прописываем строки

KEYMAP=ru

FONT=cyr-sun16

Записываем изменения командой ctrl+o

Подтверждаем enter

Выходим из редактора ctrl+x

Настраиваем зону и системное время, как пример, для Россия Москва

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Moscow /etc/localtime

hwclock —systohc

Настраиваем имя компьютера

nano /etc/hostname

Прописываем

userhost — имя вашего компьютера

Записываем изменения командой ctrl+o

Подтверждаем enter

Выходим из редактора ctrl+x

nano /etc/hosts

Прописываем строчку

127.0.1.1 userhost.localdomain userhost

Записываем изменения командой ctrl+o

Подтверждаем enter

Выходим из редактора ctrl+x

Устанавливаем пароль для root

passwd

Здесь же добавляю нового пользователя

useradd -G wheel -s /bin/bash -m username
где username — ваше имя пользователя

Открываем права для нового пользователя

nano /etc/sudoers

Раскомментируем строку %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

Записываем изменения командой ctrl+o

Подтверждаем enter

Выходим из редактора ctrl+x

Устанавливаем пароль для нового пользователя

passwd username

Устанавливаем дополнительные пакеты (и пакеты, которые вы считаете нужными)

pacman -S efibootmgr iw wpa_supplicant dialog netctl dhcpcd

Для работы с дисками

pacman -S ntfs-3g mtools fuse2

Запускаем менеджер загрузки

bootctl install

Будут созданы необходимые директории и точка входа загрузчика

Настраиваем менеджер загрузки

nano /boot/loader/loader.conf

Закомментируем все строки, добавим свои

default arch
timeout 5
editor 1

Инфа из WIKI

Получаем

Создаем файлы конфигурации

Для пользователей процессоров Intel нужно установить дополнительный пакет
pacman -S intel-ucode

nano /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf

title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux
# initrd /intel-ucode.img # раскомментировать для пользователей Intel
initrd /initramfs-linux.img
options root=/dev/sda5 rw

Здесь sda5 — это наш примонтированный root раздел

Просмотрим последовательность при запуске системы

efibootmgr

Установим выбранную последовательность загрузки

efibootmgr -o 0,3,4,1 # в моем случае Arch будет первым

Выходим

exit

Отмонтируем диски

umount -R /mnt

Перегружаемся

reboot

Базовая система установлена. Остальное устанавливаем на свой вкус и цвет.

…далее

Arch «будет тем, что вы из него сделаете»

Удачи!

Источник

In this article you can read how to setup a PC that both runs
Windows 10 Pro and the latest Arch Linux (Januari 2020). After
following this guide you’ll have a PC that allows you to select
to boot either into Windows 10 or Arch Linux. All you need is a
free harddisk a Windows License and preferrably two USB sticks
that we use to install the Windows and Arch Linux ISO files
onto. We use Windows to create the bootable USB sticks but if
you’re running Mac, see the links below.

Prerequisites

PC with ethernet connection.
A harddisk onto which we install Windows and Arch Linux
1x USB stick for Arch Linux
1x USB stick for Windows 10.
A PC that runs Windows.
We assume you have a UEFI bios.

Create a bootable USB Installer for Arch Linux

You’re going to prepare two USB sticks, one will be used for the
Arch Linux installer and the other for the Windows 10
Installer. When you don’t have two USB sticks you’ll have to
reuse one; in this case first create this bootable Arch Linux USB
stick.

Download the Arch Linux ISO.
Select a server nearby your location
Download the file with a name like archlinux-2020.01.01-x86_64.iso.
Do not download the the bootstrap version
Download the Rufus Windows application.
Run Rufus:
- Device: select your USB stick
- Boot selection: press the SELECT button and brofwse to your arch iso file.
- Partition Scheme: GPT
- Target System: UEFI
- File system: FAT32
- Press START: Select DD

Create a bootable USB Installer for Windows

To download the Windows 10 Pro ISO we can either use the
Windows Media Creation Tool
which also creates a bootable USB or trick the Windows website to
download the ISO file and use Rufus instead. The Windows Media
Creation Tool is known to be buggy and therefore we’re going to
use Rufus to create a bootable USB stick, just like we did for
the Arch Linux bootable USB stick.

By default when you try open the download page for the Windows 10
ISO, the Microsoft website forces you to use the Windows Media
Creation Tool; at least when you’re using Windows to download the
ISO. Luckily we can trick the website to pretend we’re visiting
the website from a Mac. When the Microsoft website thinks we’re
using a Mac it magically allows us to download the ISO.

Use the Chrome browser and search for «Windows 10 Pro ISO»
Open the link to something like: https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10ISO
Press CTRL + SHIFT + I to open the Developers Tools
Click the menu icon (3 dots) on the right of the Developer Tools
Select More tools > Network Conditions
Unselect the User agent [x] Select automatically setting.
Select Safari — Mac
Reload the page.
Select Windows 10, press Confirm
Select your language
Select the 64-bit download

Open the network conditions via the Chrome Developer Tools

Select Safari on Mac as your user agent

Once you’ve downloaded the Windows 10 Pro ISO, open Rufus again
and place the USB stick in your PC. Note that all data on this
stick will be removed when we copy the Windows 10 Pro Installer
onto this bootable USB stick.

Run Rufus
Device: select your USB stick
Bool selection: press SELECT and browse to your Windows ISO file.
Partition Scheme: GPT
Target System: UEFI
File System: NTFS
Press START

Create bootable Windows Installer USB with Rufus

Install Arch Linux

Now that you have a bootable Arch Linux USB installer and a
bootable Windows 10 Pro USB installer you’ll have to install Arch
Linux first. This means that you have to start with the most
important step first: partitioning.

Partitioning is known to be difficult when you’re new to
Linux. Though let me tell you that it’s a lot easier than you
think. What might be a bit difficult is to choose the sizes
of your partitions. I’ll describe what I normally use and you can
follow along or choose your own partitions sizes.

I do assume that you’ve got one harddisk onto which you want to
install both Arch Linux and Windows 10 Pro. I use a 2TB SSD disk
where I choose 1TB for Arch Linux and 1TB for Windows.

When you’ve got more than one harddisk and you want to use
another harddisk to install Arch Linux and Windows 10 you have to
make sure that your UEFI bios boots from the harddisk onto which
we’re going to install Arch Linux and Windows.

Boot from the Arch Linux USB

Put your USB stick with the Arch Linux installer into your PC
Boot from USB
Select Arch Linux archiso x86_64 UEFI CD, press Enter

When your screen turns crazy after you have pressed Enter,
reboot and follow these steps instead:

Boot from from USB
Select «Arch Linux archiso x86_64 UEFI CD», press e
Scroll to the end of the command and add nomodeset
Press enter.

Partitioning your harddisk

To find your harddisk we use fdisk. You might have multiple
harddisks and at this point it doesn’t really matter which one
you use; this is up to you.

# fdisk -l

You’ll see a similar output as below. The Disk /dev/sdb is what
we’re after. We’ll use the /dev/sdb disk to install Arch Linux
and Windows. Note that my PC came pre-installed with Windows 10
Pro which uses a digital license. This means my motherboard has
the license baked into it and it’s safe to remove the existing
partitions. When you don’t have a digital license make sure you
have a copy of your Windows 10 License Key.

You’ll create three partitions. The boot partition, the root Arch
Linux partition and one that the Windows installer will use to
install Windows 10. I recommend writing the partitions numbers,
sizes and types down as you might want to refer to these when
installing Windows 10.

# fdisk -l 

Disk /dev/sdb: 3.65 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Disk model: Samsung SSD 860 
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: E413F59B-D9CB-4E10-A358-C5E7309DF4D9

Device          Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdb1        2048     526335     524288  256M EFI System
/dev/sdb2      526336 4295493631 4294967296    2T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb3  4295493632 7814037134 3518543503  1.7T Microsoft basic data

Now that you know the disk name, you can run gdisk to partition your
disk. First we’ll remove all the existing partitions.

# gdisk /dev/sdb

Remove exiting partitions:

- Press `d`
- Partition number (1-2): 1 [PRESS ENTER]
- Press `d`
- Repeat for all your paritions.

Create the boot and main partion for Arch Linux:

- Press `n`
- Partition number: 1
- First sector: [PRESS ENTER]
- Last sector: +256M 
- Hex code or GUID: ef00 

- Press `n`
- Partition number: 2
- First sector: [PRESS ENTER]
- Last sector: 1T 
- Hex code or GUID: 8300

Create the Windows Partition:

- Press `n`
- Partition number: 3
- First sector: [PRESS ENTER]
- Last sector: [PRESS ENTER}
- Hex code or GUID: 0700

Save and exit.

- Press `w`
- Do you want to proced: `y`

Lets see the created partitions:

# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 3.65 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Disk model: Samsung SSD 860 
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: E413F59B-D9CB-4E10-A358-C5E7309DF4D9

Device          Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdb1        2048     526335     524288  256M EFI System
/dev/sdb2      526336 4295493631 4294967296    2T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb3  4295493632 7814037134 3518543503  1.7T Microsoft basic data

Format the partitions:

# mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdb1
# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb2

Setup and install Arch Linux base system

Mount system: you first mount the main system (/dev/sdb2) after which you
mount the boot partition (/dev/sdb1).

# mkdir /mnt
# mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt

# mkdir /mnt/boot
# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot

Setup base system:

# pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware
# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
# arch-chroot /mnt

Install some core utilities:

# pacman -S emacs
# pacman -S git
# pacman -S kitty
# pacman -S dhcpcd
# pacman -S openssh

Configure timezone

# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Amsterdam /etc/localtime
# hwclock --systohc

# emacs -nw /etc/locale.gen
-- uncomment: en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8

# locale-gen
# localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# emacs -nw /etc/locale.conf
-- add the following lines:
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8

Hostname

# emacs -nw /etc/hostname
-- set your hostname, e.g. roxlu, arch, etc.)

Host file

# emacs -nw /etc/hosts

-- make sure it reads something like: 
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 yourhostname.localdomain yourhostname

Add your main account:

# useradd -m -g users -s /bin/bash roxlu
# gpasswd -a roxlu wheel
# passwd roxlu

Set root password:

# passwd

Install the rEFInd boot loader

I’ve been using the rEFInd boot loader for quite a while and have
been very happy with it; I like that it’s a graphical menu that
you can customise. So let’s install the rEFInd boot loader.

# pacman -S refind-efi
# refind-install

The refind-install util will copy some required files to the
boot partition for you but we still have to configure rEFInd to
make sure that it loads the correct files when booting. You have
to set the correct UUID in the /boot/refind_linux.conf.

We have to get the UUID of our root partition (not boot). You can
use the following command to get the UUID for the root partition:

# findmnt -no UUID /
3d72956e-db77-43b4-b299-14a0de20ea4c

To copy the UUID easily I’m using emacs that I use to create a
split window. In the right window I run M-x eshell in which I
execute findmnt -no UUID / and copy the UUID. In the left pane
I opened the /boot/refind_linux.conf. Now make sure that it reads
something similar as this:

# emacs -nw /boot/refind_linux.conf

-- create a split window
-- M-x eshell, and run `blkid /dev/sdb2` in 
-- copy the UUID into `refind_linux.conf` so that it looks like:

"Boot with standard options"  "rw root=UUID=3d72956e-db77-43b4-b299-14a0de20ea4c"
"Boot to single-user mode"    "rw root=UUID=3d72956e-db77-43b4-b299-14a0de20ea4c single"
"Boot with minimal options"   "rw root=UUID=3d72956e-db77-43b4-b299-14a0de20ea4c"

Now verify that your boot partition is setup correctly. It should
look similar to this listing:

# cd /boot
# ls -1

EFI
initramfs-linux-fallback.img
initramfs-linux.img
refind_linux.conf
vmlinuz-linux

When you’re missing the kernel executable vmlinuz-linux or
any of the initramfs-* something went wrong. Try to reinstall
the kernel using:

# pacman -S linux

When you reboot now, you’ll get a similar menu as in the image above, but you’ll see only the Linux menu option, we’re going to add Windows later.

Setup networking using DHCP

I’m using DHCP to automatically configure my network. When you
don’t use DHCP you can set your IP manually but that’s out of the
scope of this document. To enable DHCP for a network interface, we’ll
check which one is currently in use. To do this we use the ip addr
command. Find the interface that you want to setup; this is most likely
the one which comes directly after the link/loopback interface with
a link designation like link/ether

 # ip addr

 3: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:d8:61:4f:ba:df brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.178/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eno1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5c2d:3270:4:9ca8/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

In the example above, the name of our network interface is
eno1. Now, that you know the name of the network interface we
can enable DHCP on it. Note that below we use dhcpcd and
not dhcp.

# systemctl enable dhcpcd@eno1

Reboot

Remove the USB stick and exit the chroot environment, then
execute reboot. When your PC restarts you should see the rEFInd
boot menu that you need to start Linux.

# exit
# reboot

When you don’t get the rEFInd menu something went wrong. See the
next section which allows you to go back into your just installed
Arch Linux. When you do get the rEFInd boot menu: congrats, you
just installed Arch Linux successfully. Skip the next step and
continue with the Windows 10 Pro install.

Fixing errors when your boot menu is broken

Don’t worry, you don’t have to reinstall everything again. When
you don’t see the rEFInd boot menu after restarting you either
made an error while configuring rEFInd or creating the partitions.
When your partitions are incorrect, you might have to reinstall
Arch Linux again. When it’s something related to rEFInd, you
might be able to fix it by checking your configs again.

Here I’ll explain how you can go back into your just installed
Arch Linux so you’re able to verify some things and check the rEFInd
configuration.

Put the Arch Linux bootable USB installer in your PC.
Boot from the Arch Linux USB (see above how to do this).
Mount your installed Arch Linux and chroot into it. Make sure
to use the correct partitions that you used when partitioning
your filesystem.
```
  # mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt
  # mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot
  # arch-chroot /mnt
```
Now you’re back into your install and you can fix it!

Install Windows 10 Pro

At this point you should be able to access the rEFInd boot menu
when you boot your PC. Now you instert the bootable Windows 10
Pro USB stick into your PC, remove the Arch Linux installer USB
and reboot. After the reboot, rEFInd will show you a couple of
extra options. I got two extra options for the Windows
installer. I selected the menu option with Boot
EFI\Rufus\ntfs_x64.efi from UEFI_NTFS

Installing Windows 10 is a pretty trivial and straightforward
process. The only thing which might be worth mentioning is the
partitioning step. When the installer starts, one of the first
screens will ask if you want to repair an existing installation
or do a advanced full install. Choose the advanced option and
when you’re asked to select the partition make sure to select the
one that you prepared when partitioning for Arch Linux.

Select the correct partition, press Next and follow the
screens from the installer. Once Windows has been installed
remove the USB key and restart. rEFInd will contain an extra
option for Windows 10 Pro.

Windows removed rEFInd: how to reinstall rEFInd?

It might happen that the Windows installer removed the rEFInd
boot menu and forced it’s own boot manager to be the default one.
This means that when we reboot we won’t get the rEFInd boot menu
anymore. You can fix this issue by reinstalling rEFInd.

First boot into your Arch Linux installation as described above
in the Boot from the Arch Linux USB.
Next run refind-install again
Remove the USB stick
Reboot

This should bring back the rEFInd boot menu and it will have two
options now, one for Windows 10 Pro and one for Arch Linux. Congratulations
you have successfully installed Arch Linux and Windows 10 Pro as a
dual boot on your PC with the rEFInd boot menu.

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Источник

1. Pre-Installation Preparation

Before touching partitions, back up any important files from your Windows system. Verify that Windows is installed in UEFI mode: in Windows press Win+R, run msinfo32, and ensure BIOS Mode is “UEFI” (Installing And Setting Up Arch Linux to Dual Boot Alongside Window 10 · GitHub). Also confirm Windows uses GPT, not MBR, in Disk Management. Next, disable “Fast Startup” in Windows (via Control Panel → Power Options) because it hibernates the disk and can block Linux from mounting it (Is it necessary to disable Fast Boot in Windows to dual boot with linux(EFISTUB)? — Unix & Linux Stack Exchange). In your PC’s UEFI/BIOS settings, disable Secure Boot if possible (this avoids bootloader signature issues) and Fast Boot (if present, to ensure the USB can boot).

Download the Arch Linux ISO from the official site and create a bootable USB. For example, use a tool like Rufus on Windows: select the ISO, set the partition scheme to GPT and file system to FAT32, and flash it (Installing And Setting Up Arch Linux to Dual Boot Alongside Window 10 · GitHub). This makes the USB UEFI-bootable. When done, reboot and enter your firmware’s boot menu (often by pressing a key like F12, F10, or Esc during startup) and choose the USB under UEFI devices (Installing And Setting Up Arch Linux to Dual Boot Alongside Window 10 · GitHub).

2. Booting Arch Linux in UEFI Mode

Boot the USB in UEFI mode. You should land at an Arch Linux prompt (typically as the root user, no password). If needed, set your keyboard layout (e.g. loadkeys us for US layout) and verify network connectivity next.

3. Internet Connection (Wi-Fi)

If you have a wired connection, it usually connects automatically via DHCP. Test it with ping -c 3 archlinux.org. For Wi-Fi, run:

rfkill unblock wifi 
iw dev        # identify your wireless interface name (e.g. wlan0)
wifi-menu wlan0   # (or your interface name) to select and connect to a network

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After connecting, verify with ping -c 3 archlinux.org. A working connection is required for package installation (Installing And Setting Up Arch Linux to Dual Boot Alongside Window 10 · GitHub).

4. Disk Partitioning

WARNING: Be careful not to delete your Windows partitions. You may have already shrunk the Windows partition from Windows Disk Management to make free space. If not, reboot into Windows, open Disk Management (diskmgmt.msc), right-click the Windows (C:) partition, and choose Shrink Volume to free up at least ~20–50 GB (20000–50000 MB) for Arch (Installing And Setting Up Arch Linux to Dual Boot Alongside Window 10 · GitHub).

Back in Arch’s live environment, list disks with fdisk -l to identify your drive (e.g. /dev/sda). Use cfdisk (or fdisk/gdisk) to partition. Select your disk (e.g. /dev/sda) and a GPT label:

cfdisk /dev/sda

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In the cfdisk menu, create new partitions in the free space:

EFI System Partition (ESP): If Windows is already in UEFI mode, an EFI partition (around 100–500 MB, FAT32) should exist (often /dev/sda1). We will reuse that for the bootloader. If not present, create a new small (e.g. 500 MB) FAT32 partition and set its type to “EFI System” (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide).
Swap Partition: Create a Linux swap partition. For example, if you have 8 GB RAM, make 8–12 GB here. After selecting “New”, accept the defaults to start at free space and enter the size (e.g. 12G), then set its type to “Linux swap” (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide).
Root Partition: Use the remaining space to create an ext4 root partition. Again select “New”, accept the remaining free space, and set the type to “Linux filesystem” (ID 8300) (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide).

Write the changes (“Write” in cfdisk) and confirm. Then quit cfdisk (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide).

5. Format and Mount Partitions

Format each partition to its filesystem:

mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1     # Format EFI partition as FAT32 (if newly created; skip if reusing Windows EFI)
mkswap /dev/sda2            # Format swap partition
swapon /dev/sda2            # Enable swap
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3         # Format root partition as ext4

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(Adjust /dev/sdXN numbers to match your EFI, swap, and root partitions.) Format and activate swap as shown (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide); format root as ext4 (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide).

Next, mount the new root partition and EFI partition (bootloader space). For example:

mount /dev/sda3 /mnt       # Mount the root partition
mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi     # Create a mount point for EFI
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi  # Mount the EFI (ESP) here

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(This assumes /dev/sda1 is the EFI; use the correct device.) These commands are analogous to those shown in the guide (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide). Verify with lsblk that /mnt is your root and /mnt/boot/efi is your EFI.

6. Install the Base System

Install the core Arch system packages using pacstrap:

pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware

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This installs the base filesystem, the Linux kernel, and firmware for common devices (Comprehensive Arch Linux Installation Guide | Liquid Web). You can also add packages like base-devel or a text editor here (e.g. nano) as needed.

7. Configure the New System

Generate an fstab file so the system knows where to mount partitions on boot:

genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

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Review it with cat /mnt/etc/fstab to ensure it lists your root and EFI partitions correctly (Comprehensive Arch Linux Installation Guide | Liquid Web).

Now enter the new system environment with arch-chroot:

arch-chroot /mnt

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You are now effectively “root” in your installed system. All following commands apply inside the new Arch system.

Timezone and Clock

Set your timezone, for example for New York:

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/New_York /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc

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This links the appropriate zoneinfo file and generates /etc/adjtime (Comprehensive Arch Linux Installation Guide | Liquid Web) (Comprehensive Arch Linux Installation Guide | Liquid Web). Replace the path with your region/city.

Locale

Edit /etc/locale.gen, uncomment your locale (e.g. en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8), then run:

locale-gen
echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf

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These commands (and uncommenting the locale) are shown in the guide (Comprehensive Arch Linux Installation Guide | Liquid Web) (Comprehensive Arch Linux Installation Guide | Liquid Web). This sets the system language.

Hostname and Hosts

Set a hostname by creating /etc/hostname with your chosen name. For example:

echo "archpc" > /etc/hostname

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Then edit /etc/hosts and add lines:

127.0.0.1   localhost
::1         localhost
127.0.1.1   archpc.localdomain   archpc

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Replace archpc with your hostname as shown (Comprehensive Arch Linux Installation Guide | Liquid Web).

Root Password and Initramfs

Set the root password:

passwd

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Enter a secure password when prompted (Comprehensive Arch Linux Installation Guide | Liquid Web). Then rebuild the initial ramdisk:

mkinitcpio -P

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This ensures the boot image is up-to-date (most tutorials include this step).

Create a Regular User (optional but recommended)

Create a normal user for daily use and add it to the “wheel” group (for sudo). For example:

useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash username
passwd username

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Give that user a password. Then install and enable sudo by editing /etc/sudoers with EDITOR=nano visudo and uncommenting the line %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL.

8. Install the Bootloader (GRUB)

Install GRUB with UEFI support so you can boot Arch (and Windows). First, install the packages:

pacman -S grub efibootmgr os-prober

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Here, os-prober helps detect Windows. Now install GRUB to the EFI directory and generate its config:

grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

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These commands create the GRUB UEFI entry (How to Install & Configure Arch Linux on UEFI Systems) (How to Install & Configure Arch Linux on UEFI Systems). If everything works, /boot/grub/grub.cfg will be generated and should include menu entries for both Arch and Windows. (If Windows is not listed, ensure os-prober was installed and re-run grub-mkconfig.)

9. Install KDE Plasma and SDDM

If you want a graphical desktop, install KDE Plasma and its apps. For a full set:

pacman -S plasma-meta kde-applications-meta

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This pulls in the KDE desktop environment and standard KDE apps (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide). You may also install a graphical display server (xorg) if not already installed.

Enable the SDDM display/login manager (default for KDE) and networking (using NetworkManager, since you used NetworkManager earlier):

systemctl enable sddm
systemctl enable NetworkManager

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This ensures KDE’s login screen and network service start at boot (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide). (You could also use dhcpcd or another network service if you prefer.)

10. Finalize and Reboot

Exit the chroot, unmount partitions, and reboot:

exit
umount -R /mnt
reboot

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Remove the USB drive when the system shuts down. On reboot, you should see the GRUB menu offering Arch Linux and Windows. Select Arch to boot into your new system with KDE. Log in as your new user or root (depending on setup) and enjoy Arch Linux! (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide).

Common Pitfalls: Be careful not to overwrite the Windows partitions. Always confirm device names (/dev/sdX) before formatting. If GRUB doesn’t show Windows, ensure os-prober is installed and rerun grub-mkconfig. Disabling Fast Startup in Windows is essential; otherwise Linux will refuse to mount the Windows drive (Is it necessary to disable Fast Boot in Windows to dual boot with linux(EFISTUB)? — Unix & Linux Stack Exchange). Ensure your firmware is booting in UEFI mode (not legacy) for both OSes, or the dual-boot will fail.

Sources: Steps adapted from the official Arch Wiki and community guides (Comprehensive Arch Linux Installation Guide | Liquid Web) (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide) (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide) (How to Install & Configure Arch Linux on UEFI Systems) (How to Install Arch Linux: A Beginner’s Practical Guide), including Windows preparation notes (Is it necessary to disable Fast Boot in Windows to dual boot with linux(EFISTUB)? — Unix & Linux Stack Exchange) (Installing And Setting Up Arch Linux to Dual Boot Alongside Window 10 · GitHub).

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