Как посмотреть ip адреса устройств в локальной сети windows 7

Для того, чтобы узнать IP-адрес компьютера в локальной сети, необходимо выполнить следующие действия:

Октройте управление сетевыми подключениями:

• Windows XP: Пуск — Панель управления — Сетевые подключения
• Windows 7 \ Vista\ 8 \ 8.1 \ 10: Пуск — Панель управления — Центр управления сетями и общим доступом — Изменения параметров адаптера

Найдите Ваш адаптер, через который Вы подключены к локальной сети, обычно это «Подключение по локальной сети» или «Ethernet» и дважды кликните на него мышкой.

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В появившемся окне нажмите «Сведения…»

В следующем окне найдите строку «Адрес IPv4» — это и будет искомый IP-адрес компьютера.

Примечания

• IP-адрес компьютера после его перезагрузки или перезагрузки роутера\сплиттера\коммутатора может измениться. Для этого необходимо указать IP-адрес вручную.

Узнать, не подключился ли сосед к вашему wi-fi, посмотреть устройства в локальной сети и выявить сторонние несанкционированные хосты — все это можно с помощью IP-сканера. Разбираемся, как они работают, и какие программы можно бесплатно скачать в сети.

Что такое IP

IP — это протокол, который используют для передачи данных в сети. Когда вы отправляете отчет на работу или картинку другу, IP помогает ничего не перепутать и доставить файл нужному адресату. Это можно сравнить с адресом дома, который используют для отправки обычных бумажных писем.

IP бывает двух видов:

• IPv4: состоит из четырех чисел от 0 до 255 (например, 192.168.1.1). 
• IPv6: содержит 8 комбинаций из букв и цифр (например, 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

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Чтобы узнать IP-адрес компьютера на Windows:

1. Откройте параметры (Win + I).
2. Перейдите в «Сеть и Интернет».
3. Выберите «Состояние» или «Ethernet/Wi-Fi».
4. Нажмите «Свойства».

Зачем нужен IP-сканер

Сетевые IP-сканеры — это сервисы для исследования и анализа сетей. С их помощью можно:

• Узнать, какие устройства подключены к сети;

• Мониторить состояние сети, выявлять конфликты адресов и устройства, которые требуют обновления;

• Искать несанкционированные устройства, которые используют вашу сеть;

• Собирать данные о типах устройств, операционных системах и открытых портах (что важно для диагностики и планирования сети).

Как работает сканер сети:

1. Сканирование диапазона IP: сетевой сканер отправляет запросы на разные IP-адреса в заданном диапазоне, например от 192.168.1.1 до 192.168.1.255.

1. Ответы от устройств: компьютеры, принтеры или маршрутизаторы в сети отвечают на запросы сканера. Он получает всю информацию об устройстве: его имя, открытые порты и другие характеристики.

1. Составление отчета: после завершения сканирования сканер собирает и отображает информацию о найденных устройствах. Обычно отчет включает: IP-адреса, MAC-адреса (уникальные идентификаторы сетевых интерфейсов), операционные системы и статус открытых портов.

Таким образом, с помощью IP-сканера можно видеть, что происходит в сети, и обеспечивать ее безопасность.

Программы для поиска IP-адресов в локальной сети

Рассмотрим самые популярные сетевые IP-сканеры, которые используют системные администраторы.

Nmap

Это один из самых мощных инструментов для аудита сетей. Он работает на Windows, Linux и macOS. Nmap может показаться сложным для начинающих пользователей, но опытным специалистам он предоставляет множество возможностей: 

• Сканирование сети, выявление активных хостов и открытых портов;
• Поиск компьютеров в локальной сети;
• Определение операционных систем и версий программного обеспечения;
• Управление сетями и безопасностью. 

Nmap может выполнять сканирование с использованием различных методов: TCP, UDP, ICMP и др. А также поддерживает скрипты для автоматизации задач (Nmap Scripting Engine). 

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Advanced IP Scanner

Сканер IP-адресов для локальной сети. В отличие от Nmap, работает только на Windows. С его помощью можно: 

• Находить все подключенные устройства;
• Получить удаленный доступ к компьютерам через RDP или HTTP;
• Экспортировать результаты в формате CSV для дальнейшего использования.

У Advanced IP Scanner простой интуитивно понятный интерфейс. Он хорошо подходит для домашних компьютеров и небольших офисов. Это автономный исполняемый файл, который можно запускать без установки в любое удобное время.

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Angry IP Scanner

Программа для просмотра устройств в сети. Имеет простой графический интерфейс, работает на Windows, macOS и Linux. 

С помощью Angry IP Scanner можно: 

• Быстро сканировать сетевые порты и IP-адреса в заданном диапазоне;
• Собирать информацию о хостах (имя хоста, MAC-адрес и статус);
• Экспортировать результаты в разных форматах для дальнейшего использования (CSV, TXT, XML и др.).

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Angry IP Scanner подходит для быстрого анализа локальных сетей. Это простой инструмент без сложных настроек. Для расширения его функциональности можно использовать дополнительные плагины, например:

• Ping Plugin: сканирует доступность IP-адресов с помощью команды ping;
• HTTP Plugin: проверяет доступность веб-серверов;
• DNS Plugin: выполняет DNS-запросы и получает информацию о доменных именах, связанных с IP-адресами;
• MAC Address Plugin: извлекает MAC-адреса устройств в локальной сети;
• WMI Plugin: получает информацию о Windows-устройствах через WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation).

Free IP scanner

Бесплатный сканер локальной сети Windows. С его помощью можно: 

• Сканировать сеть в заданном диапазоне IP-адресов и отображать активные устройства;
• Получать информацию о MAC-адресах и именах хостов;
• Настраивать уровни приоритетов процесса сканирования и максимальное количество потоков;
• Экспортировать результаты сканирования в текстовые файлы.

Free IP Scanner подходит пользователям, которым нужен простой инструмент для быстрого сканирования сети. Работает после установки на компьютер, скачать и использовать можно без регистрации.

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Встроенная командная строка 

Для нахождения хостов в сети вместо IP-сканера можно задействовать обычную командную строку (cmd). Для этого используют команды:

• ping: для проверки доступности конкретного IP-адреса или доменного имени;
• arp: для отображения таблицы ARP, которая содержит IP-адреса и соответствующие MAC-адреса (после выполнения команды ping);
• net view: для отображения всех компьютеров в локальной сети, если они работают в рабочей группе или домене;
• tracert: для отслеживания маршрута до определенного IP-адреса или домена и выявления проблем с сетью;
• nslookup: для получения информации о DNS и проверки доступности доменных имен.

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Еще можно использовать PowerShell — это мощная командная оболочка и язык сценариев от Microsoft, который предоставляет инструменты для работы с сетью.

Как выбрать сканер IP-адресов

При выборе сетевого IP-сканера ориентируйтесь на его:

• Функциональность: некоторые инструменты помогают находить устройства в сети, другие — собрать о них информацию и выгружать ее в удобном формате;

• Интерфейс: простые инструменты, типа Advanced IP Scanner подойдут для домашнего использования, более сложные вроде Nmap рассчитаны на профессионалов;

• Документация и поддержка: убедитесь, что у сервиса есть понятная документация и служба поддержка, особенно, если пользуетесь им впервые;

• Совместимость: выбранный сканер должен быть совместим с вашей операционной системой (Windows, Linux, macOS).

Выбор сканера сети зависит от поставленной задачи и ваших навыков. Тестируйте разные инструменты, чтобы найти подходящий вариант.

Главное о сетевых IP-сканерах

• IP-адрес позволяет идентифицировать компьютер в сети;

• С помощью IP-сканера можно обнаружить подключенные устройства и мониторить проблемы сети;

• Есть бесплатные сканеры сети, которые можно установить на компьютер, например, Free IP scanner, и сканеры, которые запускаются с автономного исполняемого файла, например Advanced IP Scanner;

• Помимо специализированных IP-сканеров можно использовать командную строку или PowerShell от Microsoft.

Peres­vetik
[923K]

10 лет назад 

Чтобы узнать свой IP адрес,вам следует открыть на компьютере такой компонент,который называется-Сетевые подключения.И заходит туда через Пуск-затем переходим в Панель управления.Открываем вкладку свойства сети и может увидеть свой адрес. Во вкладе-Сеть нужно открыть-Протокол Интернета.

Также это возможно сделать через командную строку.Напишите в ней- ipconfig и кликните на клавишу Enter. И вы увидите свой адрес на экране.

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Ай пи адрес бывает внутренним и внешним,внутренний мы уже выяснили,как узнать.А внешний

ip адрес можно узнать на любом специальном для этой цели сервисе.Поэтому тут никакой сложности нет.

Odess­itka
[108K]

8 лет назад 

Сейчас поисковик Яндекс стал ооочень умным и поэтому можно даже не искать свой ip адрес в компьютере и заморачиваться, а просто зайти на Яндекс и спросить как узнать свой ip и сразу под строкой браузера вы увидите свой адрес.

Вот оно до чего дошли технологии…

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Annet­007
[27.2K]

10 лет назад 

Наберите в Яндексе фразу как узнать ip компьютера и нажмите клавишу enter.

Тут же под поисковой строкой вы увидите свой ip.

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Удобно? Мне кажется, что да! Нет необходимости лезть в «Свойства» компьютера, когда можно одним нажатием кнопки все про себя узнать=)

Знаете ответ?

Scanning for IP address lets you have better control over your network. With 1-2 commands, you can quickly map out the devices in your network and the IP addresses that they are using. But to understand how to scan a network, first, you need to understand how are IP addresses assigned.

DHCP (Assigning IPs Dynamically)

An automated process in networking, called DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), assigns IP dynamic addresses to hosts as soon as they enter the network. In a home or small network, the DHCP server is usually a part of the router. When you come into the network, the router will look for an available IP address in its pool and assign it to you, so that your device can communicate with others without any conflict.

Dynamic allocation of IP addresses is a great advantage for both end-users and network admins. But sometimes you would need to have some control in order to manage and troubleshoot your network more efficiently.

Related post: Find device or IP with MAC

Related Post: PowerShell Kill Process Command

If you are here for free tools and trials, here is our list of the four best tools for discovering IP addresses on a network:

1. ManageEngine OpUtils – FREE TRIAL A suite of network address monitoring tools that covers IP addresses, MAC addresses, and port numbers with a cut-down free version also available. Installs on Windows Server and Linux.
2. Angry IP Scanner A free network scanner that identifies all connected devices and lists their IP addresses plus connection response speeds. Available for Windows, macOS, Linux.
3. SolarWinds Engineer’s Toolset Ping Sweep This utility scans a network and records every IP address that is in use. The Engineer’s Toolset also includes subnetting tools for DHCP management and the Open Port Scanner. Runs on Windows Server.
4. MyLAN Viewer A network scanner that identifies all connected devices and lists their IP addresses and MAC addresses. Runs on Windows.

Download Remote Shutdown and Reboot Cheat Sheet

What will you learn in this Tutorial

In this tutorial, you will learn the basic networking skills on how to scan a network for IP addresses. We will scan a network with native OS commands, find which addresses were assigned dynamically, which statically, and test their connectivity.

In the end, we will compare some free IPAM tools aka IP address scanning tools that can give you additional information. To improve your IP addressing insights, even more, we will show you some tools that allow you to track IP addresses and even manage them.

Simple IP Scanning

Operating Systems, like Windows and Linux, come with their own native simple networking set of tools. Commands such as “ipconfig”, “arp -a”, or “ping” allow simple scanning and troubleshooting.

The simplest way to get a quick list of IP addresses and their devices connected to your network is with those OS native commands found in the command line. With a list of the assigned IP address and their devices, you can easily find the devices that are causing the most problems.

• ipconfig This command displays all network settings assigned to one or all adapters in the computer. You can find information such as your own IP, subnet, and Gateway. For Linux and MacOS is “ifconfig”.
• arp -a When you issue the “arp -a”, you’ll get IP-address-to-mac conversion and the allocation type (whether dynamic or static) of all devices in your network.
• PingIt helps determine connectivity between two hosts and find the IP address of a hostname.

Related Post: Best IP & Port Scanners

Reading The Output

Finding your own network adapter configuration

In the following screenshot, you’ll see the output from the ipconfig command. On a Windows, the ipconfig command can be entered through the Command line.

Go to Run > type cmd > type ipconfig

• This Windows computer has 5 network adapters, but the last one (Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi) is the only one connected to a network. The rest are disconnected.
  

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• In this network, the router (or Default Gateway) is playing the role of the DHCP server. It is assigning the IP address dynamically and giving access to the Internet.
• You are reading two of the most important IP addresses for your device; Your own device’s IP (IPv4 and IPv6) and your Gateway. The Subnet Mask is also very important, it shows that you are on the same subnet as the gateway.

Now you know your subnet, which in this case is 192.168.1.0/24 (using the CIDR range). Now you need to find the rest of the IP address in your network.

Scanning your Network

The job of the ARP protocol is to map IPs to MAC addresses. It provides a method for hosts on a LAN to communicate without knowing any address and create a cache of information. When a new computer enters the LAN, it receives an IP and updates its ARP cache with the Gateway information. This ARP cache can be found using the “arp-a” command.

• Use the command line to enter the “arp -a” command.
  

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• This computer has been connected for some time into the LAN, so its ARP cache is very precise and complete. The first IP address shown in the display is the Gateway (the same we found through the ipconfig command).
• The output shows the IP, the MAC addresses, and their assignation type. The addresses displayed here were dynamically assigned by the DHCP server in the LAN. All of these IPs are devices connected to the LAN (192.168.1.0/24). The other static addresses are reserved for Multicasting.
• With the MAC information, you can know the vendor. Try searching for vendor prefixes or use an automatic online tool such as MACvendors.

Testing Connectivity

Finally, with some information, you can test connectivity. In the following test, we tried an extended ping with “ping -t” to the gateway. With this, you can learn some simple insights about delay and latency.

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From the list generated by the ARP command, you could ping all the live hosts. Or you can go beyond and ping the entire subnet to find hosts not found by the ARP (but that would be too much manual work…). Later, we’ll discuss how to automatically ping entire subnets at once.

Enhancing IP Scanning

Although having a list of devices and their allocated IP address will give you good insights, the information will not be enough when your network scales. Manual IP scanning in multiple subnets and BYOD (Bring-Your-Own-Device) scenarios is nearly impossible.  As the network scales, problems will scale too.

Larger networks demand more results, flexibility, and easy-to-read set of commands.

An IP Address Scanner tool helps you with larger demands. These tools are able to map the entire local network, finds live hosts, and to provide the results of the “arp-a” in a clearer format. Other IP Scanners do not depend on ARP but they operate using repeated ping tests. A Ping Sweep tool lets you ping entire subnets and find live hosts just with one button.

Some other IP Scanners go the extra mile and give more information such as Port number, DNS, DHCP, etc. All of this data is also presented in the most visual and easy-to-read format. They also allow users to save all results and present them in detailed reports.

The best IP Address discovery tools

Our methodology for selecting a third-party tool to scan for IP addresses

We reviewed the market for IP address discovery tools and analyzed options based on the following criteria:

• A service that can be run on demand, on a schedule, or continuously
• Scans of the entire network or the option to limit searches to an address range
• DNS resolution
• Mapping from MAC addresses to IP addresses
• A system that can also provide availability and response time tests
• A free trial that provides a no-cost opportunity to assess the package or a free tool
• Value for money from a system that is offered at a fair price or a free tool that is worth installing

With these selection criteria in mind, we identified a number of network scanners that will discover IP addresses and identify the devices to which they have been allocated by mapping to MAC addresses.

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ManageEngine OpUtils combines an IP address manager, a switch port mapper for MAC address discovery, and a port scanner to identify open TCP and UDP ports on all devices. This combination delivers all address-related functions that you will need in order to fully manage your network.

Key Features:

• IP Address Manager: OpUtils IP address manager, provides users with a centralized tool for efficient management and organization of IP addresses within the network.
• Subnet Planner: The subnet planner feature assists in planning and optimizing network subnets. This helps network administrators allocate and manage IP address spaces more effectively.
• Identification of Abandoned Addresses: This functionality aids in reclaiming and optimizing IP resources.
• Robust Utilities Suite: This feature ensures that OpUtils provides a holistic solution for address-related functions in network management.

Why do we recommend it?

We recommend ManageEngine OpUtils for its efficient network management capabilities. OpUtils offers an IP address manager as part of its utility suite, so you can discover all connected devices, and their associated IP addresses, and then manage them from a single console.

The IP address manager is, in itself, a suite of utilities. This group of services includes an IP address scanner. This will discover all of the devices connected to your network and list the IP addresses allocated to them. The IPAM is able to produce IP address reconciliation reports that will enable you to update your native DHCP server in case it fails to notice expired address leases.

The IP address tracker service in the bundle can produce a hierarchical view of your network, enabling you to identify subnets and the allocation of addresses to each. DHCP management tools in the pack let you manage subnet address pools. The switch port mapper identifies each device by MAC address and switch port number. The port scanner in OpUtils lets you see which TCP and UDP ports on each device are open.

OpUtils is available for Windows Server and for Linux.

Who is it recommended for?

ManageEngine OpUtils is recommended for various-sized networks, from SMBs to large enterprises. The solution is designed for any network admin or IT professional within those networks, looking for a complete IP address management solution.

OpUtils is available in a Free version, which includes a port scanner and Ping utilities. Contact the ManageEngine sales team for a quote on the paid version. The paid version of OpUtils can be downloaded as a 30-day free trial.

ManageEngine OUtils
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2. Angry IP Scanner

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Angry IP Scanner is one of the most popular scanners on the web, with over 29 million downloads. It is open-source, free, and available for Windows, MacOS, and Linux. It can let you scan your local network or the Internet-facing IP addresses.

Key Features:

• On-Demand Ping Sweeps: With this feature, users can initiate scans at their convenience, allowing for flexibility in assessing and discovering devices within the network or specified IP ranges.
• Tabulated Results: This feature enhances the user experience, providing a quick overview of the scanned data.
• Save to File: This feature is valuable for record-keeping, analysis, and documentation purposes. Users can store and reference the scan data at a later time, facilitating further analysis or sharing of findings.

Why do we recommend it?

Angry IP Scanner is recommended for being one of the most used and relied-on open-source tools. If IP address scanning is all you need, Angry IP Scanner is easy to use and quite efficient in scanning both local and Internet-facing IP addresses.

This tool is not only capable of scanning IP addresses but also ports. When you define an IP address range, you can also specify a number of the port, and see if a device in your network is using a specific service (defined by the port). Angry IP Scanner also lets you save all the scan results into multiple formats, such as TXT, XML, CVS, etc.

When you scan, you’ll know what hosts are alive, their response time, hostname, MAC address, etc. If you want even more information, you can extend results by developing Java plugins.

Who is it recommended for?

Angry IP Scanner is recommended for one-off scans of smaller networks. It works very well in uncomplicated situations and small networks where network admins require a fast and simple way to scan networks. Angry IP Scanner does not scale well on larger networks.

Open Source and 100% free. Get Angry IP from its official site.

3. SolarWinds Engineer’s Toolset Ping Sweep

Tested on: Windows & Windows Server

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SolarWinds Engineer’s Toolset Ping Sweep is one of more than 60 network management systems in the Engineer’s Toolset. The package provides systems for monitoring networks but it is mainly a bundle of network troubleshooting tools.

Key Features:

• Network Device Discovery: The Ping Sweep tool facilitates the discovery of network devices, allowing users to identify and locate devices connected to the network.
• IP Address Recording: Users can record and keep track of IP addresses currently in use within the network, aiding in the management and organization of IP allocations.
• Address Range Scanning: The tool enables scanning across a specified range of IP addresses, providing a comprehensive overview of devices within that range and helping to identify potential issues.
• Hostname Visualization: Users can easily view hostnames associated with the discovered devices, enhancing the ability to recognize and manage network entities efficiently.
• Response Time Metrics: Ping Sweep provides response time metrics for the discovered devices, offering insights into the network’s responsiveness and performance.

Why do we recommend it?

The Ping Sweep tool is part of the SolarWinds Engineer’s Toolset. This package provides a single dashboard for many tools, so you don’t have to go looking around your desktop to find this or any of the other utilities when you need them. The package is for Windows Server but you can also install it on a Windows PC.

The GUI interface includes a field where the user can enter a range of IP addresses to scan. The field can also take a non-sequential list, and if that list is long, you can write it into a text file and put the path and file name in the IP address range field instead of the actual addresses.

The interface makes the output easy to read and it shows a line for each address in the given range or list. You can select a setting that will restrict the output to only show those addresses that responded. The record for a discovered IP address shows the response time of the Ping test to that node and the utility will also check in the local DNS file to show the hostname for the discovered device.

As well as viewing the results in the Engineer’s Toolset dashboard, you can store results to a text file or a CSV for further analysis. The system doesn’t provide the option to run continuously, so you would use this tool for on-demand address testing. The Engineer’s Toolset also includes facilities for managing DNS and DHCP servers and there are a number of subnetting utilities in the package.

After discovering all devices with the Ping Sweep tool, network managers can switch to the Open Port Scanner to examine which ports are open on each device or run through a list of devices to see all results in one list.

Who is it recommended for?

This is a useful package for network troubleshooting on a large or mid-sized network or for network monitoring on a small network. The Engineer’s Toolset also provides utilities to examine DNS and DHCP servers and it provides other OIP address management utilities. You can also use facilities in the package to check on the ports on each endpoint on your network.

The Engineer’s Toolset is a single package for all 60 utilities, including the Ping Sweep tool. The software package runs on Windows Server or Windows. You can examine the package by accessing a 14-day free trial.

IP Address Tracker Tools

Having a map of IP addresses, MAC addresses, used ports, etc, is great for networking inventorying and may help with some troubleshooting cases. But a list can not control and display real-time results.

An IP address Tracker is a good upgrade to our set of tools and commands described so far. It does allow scanning multiple subnets and displaying results, but it also allows you to keep track of one or more IP addresses.

An IP Address Tracker will notice when an IP address is released. This can be either because the device lost connectivity or it changed IP address. It will help you minimize IP addressing conflicts (when two devices are trying to take the same IP) and reduce DNS errors.

MyLAN Viewer

Картинка с сайта: www.websentra.com

MyLAN Viewer is a NetBIOS and IP address scanner for Windows systems. Just like the IP Scanners shown above, this tool will scan a network and show devices in an easy-to-read format.

Key Features:

• Continuous Scans: Continuous scanning ensures that the information remains up-to-date and reflects any changes in the network.
• Alerts for IP Address Profile Changes: This feature is valuable for immediate awareness of any alterations in the network configuration or device characteristics.
• Device Details: Users can access comprehensive device details, enhancing their ability to understand and manage the devices within the network.

Why do we recommend it?

MyLAN Viewer is recommended for its dedicated IP scanning capabilities. It provides advanced IP scanning, including continuous scans, schedules, and alerts for IP address profile changes. Also, if you are looking for a comprehensive network data collection (aside from IP addresses), MyLAN Viewer is a great option.

But MyLANViewer goes beyond, and not only shows computer name, IP, and  MAC, but also NIC, OS version, logged users, shared folders, and much more.

This tool is able to track specific IP addresses and show notifications when their state change. With it, you can also keep track of network security by showing port information and detecting rogue DHCP servers. MyLAN Viewer tracks all devices in the subnet including hidden, and displays alerts when new devices enter the network, and others go.

This tool can also display the following metrics as well:

Display Whois data.

Perform traceroute.

Manage “Remote Shutdown and Wake On LAN (WOL)”.

Monitor wireless networks.

Who is it recommended for?

MyLAN Viewer is recommended for network admins working with Windows-based networks and who need detailed information about connected devices. It does not scale well on large networks, thus it is better to use MyLAN Viewer on smaller networks.

Price: Free, but only available for Windows systems.

Download: Get MyLAN Viewer from its official site.

Related Post: Best Wake On LAN Tools

IP Address Management (IPAM)

Basic IP Address Scanning should be enough to manage small networks. But when networks scale they depend on multiple subnets and detailed management requirements.

Sometimes large-scale networks have standalone DHCP and DNS Servers in order to assign addresses to multiple subnets. But IP conflicts occur and it is really challenging to manage them manually. An IP Address Management or “IPAM” is a piece of software able to actively control DHCP and DNS. It also gives you the ability to manage multiple subnets.

IP address scanning FAQs

How do I find a network name from an IP address?

To get the network name of a host from an IP address you need to query the DNS server. Open a Command Prompt window and enter nslookup <IP_address> putting in the IP address you have instead of <IP_address>.

How do I identify an unknown device on my network?

To see all of the devices connected to your network, type arp -a in a Command Prompt window. This will show you the allocated IP addresses and the MAC addresses of all connected devices. To get the hostname of each IP address you see in the list, use nslookup <IP_address> putting in the IP address you have instead of <IP_address>.

How can I tell what device is at an IP address?

To get deeper information on devices connected to your network rather than just an IP address or MAC address, use a network monitor that scans for details with SNMP – the SolarWinds Network Performance Monitor is one example.