Как очистить загрузчик windows — Ваш верный помощник с OS Windows

Applies ToWindows 11 Windows 10

Note: If your issue prevents you from booting into Windows, you won’t be able to follow the steps in this article. After the device tries to restart a few times, it should automatically enter the Windows Recovery Environment. To find information about restoring your device in this scenario, please visit the article, Windows Recovery Environment.

Summary

A «clean boot» starts Windows with a minimal set of drivers and startup programs, so that you can determine whether a background program is interfering with your game or program. This is similar to starting Windows in Safe Mode, but provides you more control over which services and programs run at startup to help you isolate the cause of a problem.

How to perform a clean boot

These steps might look complicated at first glance, but following them in order, step-by-step, will help get you back on track.

Sign in to the computer as an administrator. See Manage user accounts in Windows to learn more about configuring a user account as an administrator.
Select Search , type msconfig , and then select System Configuration from the list of results.

Important: If the computer is connected to a network, network policy settings might prevent you from following these steps. Only use the System Configuration utility to change the advanced boot options on the computer with guidance from a Microsoft support engineer. Using the System Configuration utility might make the computer unusable.
On the Services tab of System Configuration, select Hide all Microsoft services, and then select Disable all. Select Apply.

Картинка с сайта: support.microsoft.com
On the Startup tab of System Configuration, select Open Task Manager.

Картинка с сайта: support.microsoft.com
On the Startup apps tab in Task Manager, for each Enabled startup item, select the item and then select Disable. (Keep track of which items have been Disabled. You will need to know this later.)
Close Task Manager.
On the Startup tab of System Configuration, select OK. When you restart the computer, it will be in a clean boot environment. You can now try to troubleshoot your problem by trying the troubleshooting steps in the section, Install, uninstall, or run an application.

Warning: Your computer might temporarily lose some functionality while in a clean boot environment.
Once you are done troubleshooting your problem and want to return your computer to a normal startup, follow the steps in the section, Reset the computer to start normally after clean boot troubleshooting.

Install, uninstall, or run an application

After you restart the computer, you’ll have a clean boot environment. Then, do one of the following, as appropriate for your situation:

Note: If you receive the error, «The Windows Installer service could not be accessed», you’ll need more information. Follow the steps in the section, How to start the Windows Installer service when system services are not loaded. Then try installing or uninstalling the app or update again.

If the installation or uninstallation is successful, your issue is resolved. To return your computer to a normal startup, follow the steps in the section, Reset the computer to start normally after clean boot troubleshooting.

If the installation or uninstallation still fails, that means this issue is not caused by interference from a service or an app. You might need to contact the program manufacturer for more specific support.

If the app runs correctly while in a clean boot environment, then your problem was caused by interference from another app or service. You can find out which app or service is causing the issue by following the steps in the section, How to determine what is causing the problem after you do a clean boot.

If your app still doesn’t run as expected while in a clean boot environment, then your problem is not caused by interference from another app or service. You might need to contact the program manufacturer for more specific support.

If you run a Setup program without starting the Windows Installer service, you might receive the following error message:

The Windows Installer service could not be accessed. Contact your support personnel to verify that the Windows Installer service is properly registered.

The Windows Installer service doesn’t start if you clear the Load system services check box in the System Configuration utility. To use the Windows Installer service when system services are not loaded, start the service manually. Here’s how:

Select Search , then type computer management. Select Computer Management from the list of results.
In the console tree, select the arrow to expand Services and Applications, and then select Services.
In the details pane, right-click Windows Installer, and then select Start.

How to determine what is causing the problem after you do a clean boot

If your problem does not occur while the computer is in a clean boot environment, then you can determine which startup app or service is causing the problem by systematically turning them on or off and restarting the computer. While turning on a single service or startup item and rebooting each time will eventually find the problematic service or application, the most efficient way to do this is to test half of them at a time, thus eliminating half of the items as the potential cause with each reboot of the computer. You can then repeat this process until you’ve isolated the problem. For detailed steps for how to do this, expand the following section:

Sign in to the computer as an administrator. See Manage user accounts in Windows to learn more about configuring a user account as an administrator.
Select Search , then type msconfig. Select System Configuration from the list of results.
Select the Services tab, and then select Hide all Microsoft services.
Select each of the check boxes in the upper half of the Service list.
Select OK, then restart Windows.
After the computer restarts, determine whether the problem still occurs.
- If the problem still occurs, one of the checked items is the problematic service. Repeat steps 1 through 6, but in Step 4, clear the lower half of the boxes in the Service list that you selected in your last test.
- If the problem doesn’t occur, the checked items are not the cause of the problem. Repeat steps 1 through 6, but in Step 4, turn on the upper half of the boxes that you cleared in the Service list in the last test.
- Repeat these steps until you’ve either isolated the problem to a single service, or until you’ve determined that none of the services are the cause of the problem. If you experience the problem when only one service is selected in the Service list, then that startup service is the one causing the problem, and you should go to step 9. If none of the services cause the problem, go to step 7.
Select the Startup tab, then select Open Task Manager. On the Startup apps tab on Task Manager, one at a time, select the upper half of the items you Disabled earlier, then select Enable.
Restart Windows.
- If the problem still occurs, repeat step 7, but this time disable the lower half of the items you enabled in your last test.
- If the problem does not occur, repeat step 7, but disable everything you enabled in your last test and enable the other half of the items you disabled.
- If you still experience the problem after only one Startup item is enabled, then the enabled item is the one causing the problem, and you should go to step 9. If no Startup item causes the problem, there might be a problem with a Microsoft service. See Recovery options in Windows.
After you determine the startup item or the service that causes the problem, contact the program manufacturer to determine whether the problem can be resolved, or run Windows with the service unchecked or the Startup item disabled.

Reset the computer to start normally after clean boot troubleshooting

After you finish troubleshooting, follow these steps to reset the computer to start normally.

Select Search , then type msconfig. Select System Configuration from the list of results.
On the General tab, select Normal Startup.
Select the Services tab, clear the check box beside Hide all Microsoft services, select Enable all, then select Apply.
Select the Startup tab, then select Open Task Manager.
In Task Manager, Enable all of the startup programs you had disabled before, and then select OK.
When you’re prompted to restart the computer, select Restart.

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Источник

Исправить загрузочное меню можно с помощью встроенной в Windows программы BCDEdit.exe (сокращение от Boot Configuration Data Edit), но для этого потребуется сначала открыть окно командной строки и знать параметры запуска самой программы. Ошибки чреваты проблемами с загрузкой ОС.

Но есть более элегантный способ — использовать стороннюю бесплатную утилиту EasyBCD от производителя NeoSmart Technologies (www.neosmart.net). Для ее инсталляции и запуска могут понадобиться права администратора.

Оставьте только нужное. Программа EasyBCD позволяет даже без серьезных навыков по работе с командной строкой отредактировать меню старта системы

После старта программа попросит подтвердить, что вы не собираетесь использовать ее в коммерческих целях, иначе вам придется ее купить. Затем откроется окно утилиты с набором функциональных кнопок слева и информационной областью в центре. Кнопка «View Settings» позволяет увидеть текущие настройки меню загрузки.

Чтобы удалить бессмысленные записи, кликните по «Edit Boot Menu». Выделите ненужную строку, нажмите на «Delete» и сохраните изменения щелчком по кнопке «Save Settings».

Обратите внимание, что с помощью этой программы также можно задать продолжительность отображения меню загрузки, в том числе и вовсе отключить его вывод на экран.

То же самое можно сделать, если зайти в «Панель управления | Система и безопасность | Дополнительные параметры системы» и на вкладке «Дополнительно» в разделе «Загрузка и восстановление системы» нажать на кнопку «Параметры». Для этого могут понадобиться права администратора.

Источник

When you’re trying to fix a BSOD (Blue Screen of Death) or resolve other critical Windows 10 errors, you want to follow a process of elimination. If you don’t know exactly what’s causing the error, one of your first steps should be performing a clean boot, which involves starting up without any applications or non-Microsoft services running.

How to Perform a Clean Boot in Windows 10

Setting up for a Windows 10 clean boot is easy if you follow these simple steps. Note that you must be using an account that has admin rights to your PC.

1. Launch the System Configuration utility. You can do that by entering msconfig into the search box and clicking the top result or hitting Windows + R and entering msconfig as the command to run.