Как исполнить sh файл windows

If you have worked with Linux distributions and repositories, you would know what shell scripts are. To run shell scripts on top of a Windows computer can be challenging, as the process is not quite straightforward.

Shell scripts are a piece of code written in plain text but have the “.SH” file extension. These are usually used to automate tasks and execute Linux or Unix packages. These are written in Bash and start with “#! /bin/sh“.

You do not need to install a Linux or Unix distribution alongside your Windows operating system to run a shell script. In this article, we’ll show you how to run a shell script on a Windows PC.

What are Shell (.SH) Files

The Linux/Unix operating system uses shell or .SH script files to perform certain tasks. In comparison, it can be substituted by Windows batch files for the Windows operating systems, which are used to execute commands on a computer.

The Batch language is a simple and interpreted programming language, unlike C++ or C#. However, you do not have to translate a shell script file to batch to perform similar tasks on a Windows computer, as you do on a Linux PC.

There are different methods to run the same .SH file on a Windows computer as on a Linux system. Let us show you how to run a shell file on a Windows PC.

Run Shell Script (.SH) File on Windows

There are both native and third-party methods to run shell files on a Windows computer. You can use Cygwin, or a third-party tool of your choice, to run a shell script on Windows OS. Alternatively, you can install the Windows Subsystem for Linux feature on Windows and then execute the shell script file through it.

Below you’ll find the methods to run the file using both methods.

Run Shell Script File using Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)

This section has been divided into 3 steps to make the process easier to understand. You must do the following 3 things to run a shell script file in the given order:

1. Install WSL
2. Install a Linux distro
3. Run the shell script file

Note: If you are performing these steps on a Virtual Machine, then you will need to enable Nested Virtualization.

Install WSL

Use the following steps to install WSL on your computer:

1. Press the Windows Key + R shortcut keys to open the Run Command box.

2. Type in “optionalfeatures” and press Enter.

3. Select “Windows Subsystem for Linux” and “Virtual Machine Platform,” and then click Ok.

   

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   The wizard will now install WSL.

4. When the installation is completed, click “Restart now.”

   

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Once the computer restarts, it is time to install a Linux distro.

Install a Linux Distribution

Use the following steps to install a Linux distribution:

1. When it restarts, press Windows Key + R again to open Run.

2. Type in “cmd” and press CTRL + Shift + Enter to run Command Prompt as administrator.

3. Run the following command to obtain a list of available Linux distros:

   wsl --list --online

   

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   Note down the name of the distro you want to install.

4. Use the following command to install the preferred distro while substituting its name:

   wsl --install -d [DistributionName]

   

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   The distro will now begin to download and install.

5. Set up a username and password.

   

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6. Restart the computer.

Now, the next step is to simply run the shell script file.

Run the Shell Script File

Follow the simple steps below to run the shell script file on a Windows PC:

1. Press the Windows Key + R again to open Run.

2. Type in “cmd” and press CTRL + Shift + Enter to run Command Prompt as administrator.

3. Use the CD cmdlet to change the directory to the location of the shell script file.

   CD [PathToShellScriptFile]

   

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4. Now, use the following command to run the shell script file while substituting [ShellFileName] with the complete and correct name of the shell file:

   Bash [ShellFileName].sh

   

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This is how you run a shell script (.SH) file on a Windows computer using WSL.

If this seems like a lengthy process for you, then you can also use the alternative method given below.

Run Shell Script File using Third-Party Tools

You can also run a shell script file on a Windows computer using a third-party tool. In the steps below, we have used Cygwin.

Follow these steps to run a .SH file on a Windows PC:

1. First, download and install Cygwin from their official website.

2. Once installed, run the Cygwin app.

3. In the Cygwin terminal, use the CD command to change the directory to the shell script file location.

   Note: In Cygwin, the syntax to change the directory is different from Command Prompt or PowerShell. Use the following command syntax and example in the image to change your directory in Cygwin.

   CD /cygdrive/[driveLetter]/[Subfolder1]/[Subfolder2]

   

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4. Now, make the shell script file executable through this command:

   chmod +x [ShellFileName].sh

   

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5. Now, use the following syntax to run the shell script file:

   ./[ShellFileName].sh

   

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These are the two methods to run shell script files (.SH) on a Windows PC. Of course, there are many other third-party tools available that allow you to run Linux and Unix files on a Windows computer.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Rick Akura

Trying to run a shell script (.sh) file on your Windows device? Find out how with this tutorial, complete with the steps you need to make it happen.

Are you interested in working with shell scripts on Windows? Thanks to a recent addition by Microsoft, you can now use Windows Subsystem for Linux to make this happen. 

Once you enable shell scripts in Windows 10, you can start creating shell scripts of your own. Shell scripts are great for automating simple tasks. You can also work on open-source Linux-based projects if that’s an area of interest to you. Finally, you’ll learn how to execute shell scripts on Windows 10. Continue reading to learn more.

What is Linux?

Linux is an open-source operating system that is highly popular among computer enthusiasts. Linux competes with other computer operating systems like Microsoft’s Windows, Apple’s macOS, and mobile operating systems like Android and iOS. 

The Linux operating system was originally developed by Linus Torvalds back in 1991. The Linux kernel was designed as a Unix-like operating system. Unix was an early operating system created by Bell Labs in 1969. Today, modern Linux distributions are still Unix-like, meaning they retain the basic structure and properties that Unix had. An example of a non-Unix operating system would be Microsoft Windows.

The top Linux distributions have changed over the years, but as of 2022, Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, Fedora, and Red Hat rank as the top 5 most popular options. 

What is Bash?

When Linus Torvalds created Linux, he included a Unix shell called Bash. Bash had been created just two years before, in 1989 by Brian Fox. Bash has been the longtime default for Linux and was also the default for Apple macOS until it was replaced by Z shell in 2019. 

Until 2016, Windows users could not use the Linux kernel or Bash at all. Windows first introduced the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) beta with Windows 10 version 1607 update. About a year later, in October 2017, WSL was fully released in Windows 10 version 1709. Microsoft developed WSL for hobbyists and developers who want to work on open-source Linux-based projects. 

It’s important to note that WSL is not preinstalled on Windows 10. If you would like access to create and run shell scripts on Windows 10, you will need to manually install WSL or join the Windows insider program. 

What is a shell script?

A Shell script is a type of script that cannot be run without a Unix shell. Further, a shell script is a series of commands that are executed line by line by the command line. 

You can use shell scripts to automate processes and avoid repetitive tasks. Instead of manually completing each step in a series, you can execute a script, and the command line will handle the rest.

For example, if you find yourself regularly stopping processes that are hogging your CPU, you can automate this process with a script. When you execute the script, it may be designed to find a set of processes using CPU resources and request to kill them. 

Enabling shell scripts in Windows 10

1. Click on the Start (Windows) button and enter “Control Panel” into the search bar. Click Open on the Control Panel result on the right-hand side.

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1. Within the Control Panel window, find and click on Programs.

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1. Now, from the Programs window, find Click Turn Windows features on or off underneath the Programs and Features header.

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1. In the Windows Features window, scroll to the very bottom of the window. Check the Windows Subsystem for Linux option. Then click OK.

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1. Windows will automatically install the necessary files. When the installation is complete, select Restart Now.

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1. When your computer restarts, you need to install Ubuntu from the Microsoft store.

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1. After installation, make sure you open Ubuntu and see it up. You are now ready to use scripts on your Windows 10 machine.

If you encounter any issues with Ubuntu or bash commands not working correctly, you may want to check that Virtualization is turned on in your BIOS. The most updated WSL version, WSL 2, runs the Linux kernel using virtualization technology. This means a virtual machine needs to be able to run on your system.

Now that Windows Subsystem for Linux and Ubuntu has been installed, you are ready to start creating shell scripts in Windows 10. You may be tempted to write bash scripts with Notepad, but this is not recommended. Because Notepad is designed for Windows/DOS systems, the line endings will differ from those that are found at the end of Unix/Linux line endings. 

Text editors for shell scripts

You should use software that is designed to convert to Unix/OSX end-of-line characters. The best open-source software available for this is Notepad++. Amazingly, Notepad++ is lovingly maintained and developed by a single individual, Don Ho. 

If you try Notepad++ and don’t like it, you can try another fan favorite, nano. Nano is a text editor for Unix/Linux systems. You can easily create shell scripts that will run in bash, using nano. Download nano to get started.

Example shell scripts

Let’s look at some basic shell scripts, so you can learn more about what you are going to be coding and see how some formatting and syntax work.

1. Hello World!

echo "Hello World!"

This script will print out the infamous Hello World! Notice that echo can be used as a print command when not combined with any other modifiers. It will print the string on a new line. If you add the -n modifier, the output will print on the same line. 

2. Sum two numbers

If you want to do some basic arithmetic, you might have a script that looks like:

# Add two numbers together
((sum=25+35))

# Print the sum of the numbers
echo $sum

Note that the # symbol is used to make comments that are not expressed. The output of this script will print the sum of 25+35, which is 60. 

3. Take user input

The following script will ask for the user’s name and then use the read command to take the user’s input. Then the user’s name is passed into the following expression, ultimately welcoming you to Windows Subsystem for Linux. 

echo "What is your name?"
read name
echo "Welcome $name to Windows Subsystem for Linux."

Write basic shell scripts in Windows 10

Continue reading to learn how to write basic shell scripts in Windows 10 using Notepad++.

1. Click the Start button and search for “Notepad++” and click Run as administrator on the right-hand side.

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1. Now you can create your script.

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1. Once your script is complete, you need to use the EOL Conversion option available in Notepad++. Click Edit and locate EOL Conversion from the dropdown menu. Hover over this option and then select UNIX/OSX Format from the next dropdown menu.

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1. Now select File and then Save As. Make sure to name your file something you will recognize and add .sh to make it a shell script file.

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1. Once the shell script is saved, continue to the next section to learn how to run your own shell scripts.

How to run shell scripts (.sh files) on Windows 10

You’ve created your first shell scripts, and it’s time to execute the sh file. Remember that when using WSL, you can only use Linux commands and utilities. Windows 10 programs will not work in bash scripts. To execute a script file, follow these step-by-step instructions:

1. Click on the Start (Windows) button and enter “Command Prompt” into the search bar. Click Run as administrator on the Command Prompt result on the right-hand side.
2. Navigate to the folder where the script file is saved. You move around in the command prompt using the cd command. For example, if you want to access the Documents folder, you would enter the following and press Enter:

   cd C:\Users\Username\OneDrive\Documents

   Note: Username would be the username that you set up for yourself when you registered your computer. 

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1. Now enter bash file-name.sh, where file-name is the whatever you’ve named your script file. 

   bash file-name.sh

   The script will execute, and if there are any outputs or print statements included in the script, the output will be returned.

Bash scripts running on Windows 10

You’ve made it far and learned a ton of information in one go. Command-line utilities, different operating systems, and learning to write and execute shell scripts can be difficult topics. In fact, these topics will take time to master. You have a ton of learning to do for scripting, but resources are available to help you all over the internet. 

Within this guide, you learned the basics of Linux and Bash. You learned what shell scripts are and that you need to specifically enable Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) to use them. You learned how to create shell scripts using Notepad++ and how to execute the scripts in bash. Enjoy experimenting!

To those who are not deeply immersed in the world of programming or system administration, the concept of executing .sh files might feel intimidating at first. However, understanding how to handle these files can unlock the ability to run scripts that automate tasks, configure environments, and even set up applications. This article will walk you through the details surrounding .sh files, their purpose, and how to execute them on a Windows operating system.

What are SH Files?

The .sh file extension denotes a shell script, which is a text file containing a sequence of commands that are executed within a shell, or command line interpreter. The shell is a program that provides the user interface for the operating system, allowing users to execute commands, manage files, and launch applications. When executed, the commands within an .sh file are run in sequence, automating various tasks that could otherwise be performed one at a time.

Shell scripts are commonly used in Unix-like operating systems, including various distributions of Linux, macOS, and even Android. However, Windows traditionally uses cmd.exe, PowerShell, or Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) to interact with commands, making direct execution of .sh files on Windows a little different. Yet, with the right tools and methods, executing these files can easily be accomplished.

Prerequisites

Before executing an .sh file on Windows, ensure that you have the following prerequisites:

1. Windows 10 or later: While older versions may still allow for some degree of compatibility, the latest features and enhancements available in Windows 10 or later makes it easier to work with Linux-based files and applications.

2. Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL): This is one of the most efficient ways to run .sh files on your Windows machine. The WSL allows you to run a Linux distribution alongside your Windows operating system.

3. Git Bash: This is another popular option that provides a Bash emulation environment on Windows, allowing you to run .sh scripts seamlessly.

4. An installed Linux distribution: If you chose WSL, you need to have a Linux distribution installed (such as Ubuntu or Debian) and properly set up.

5. Text Editor: Having a text editor will help you view and modify your .sh files if needed.

Setting Up Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)

Step 1: Enable WSL

1. Open PowerShell as Administrator: Search for PowerShell in the start menu, right-click it, and select «Run as administrator».

2. Run the WSL Installation Command: Enter the following command:

   wsl --install

3. Restart Your Computer: Once the installation completes, restart your system to apply changes.

Step 2: Install a Linux Distribution

1. Open Microsoft Store: Search for a Linux distribution like Ubuntu, Debian, or Kali Linux.

2. Install Your Preferred Distribution: Click install and wait for the installation process to complete.

3. Launch the Distribution: Open the newly installed Linux app to complete the setup. You’ll be prompted to create a user account and password.

Step 3: Execute SH Files via WSL

1. Open WSL: Search for your installed distribution (e.g., Ubuntu) in the start menu.

2. Navigate to Your SH File: Use the cd command to change directories to where your .sh file is located. If your file is in the C drive, you can access it as follows:

   cd /mnt/c/Path/To/Your/File

3. Execute the SH File: Once you are in the correct directory, run the following command:

   bash script.sh

Step 4: Make the SH File Executable (if necessary)

If you encounter issues, it may be necessary to change the file permissions to make it executable:

chmod +x script.sh
./script.sh

Using Git Bash to Execute SH Files

Git Bash is an alternative solution for users who prefer not to enable WSL. Here’s how to use it:

Step 1: Install Git for Windows

1. Download Git: Visit the official Git website (git-scm.com) and download the latest version for Windows.

2. Install Git: Run the installer and ensure you select the option to use Git Bash as your terminal.

Step 2: Launch Git Bash

• After installation, right-click on your desktop or in any folder and select “Git Bash Here” to launch the terminal.

Step 3: Execute SH Files

1. Navigate to the Directory: Use the cd command to navigate to the folder containing your .sh file.

2. Run the Script: Just as in WSL:

   bash script.sh

Or if it has executable permissions:

./script.sh

Executing SH Files via Cygwin

Cygwin is another tool that allows you to run a Linux-like environment on Windows, providing a more comprehensive suite of tools:

Step 1: Download and Install Cygwin

1. Download Cygwin Installer: Visit the official Cygwin website and download the setup.

2. Run the Installer: During installation, you can choose optional packages you’d like to add.

Step 2: Launch Cygwin Terminal

Step 3: Execute your SH file

1. Navigate to your File: Similar to previous methods, use:

   cd /cygdrive/c/Path/To/Your/File

2. Run the Script: Using:

   bash script.sh

Troubleshooting Common Issues

As with any setup, problems may arise when attempting to run .sh files. Here are some common issues and solutions.

Issue 1: Permission Denied

This typically occurs when the script does not have the necessary execute permissions. Utilize the chmod +x script.sh command to resolve this.

Issue 2: Command Not Found

If you encounter a command not found error, ensure that you are in the correct directory and that the command you attempt to execute exists in the .sh file.

Issue 3: Line Ending Issues

When transferring scripts between different operating systems, you might run into issues related to line endings. Unix uses LF (Line Feed), while Windows uses CRLF (Carriage Return Line Feed). If your script appears illegible, run it through a Unix-compatible text editor such as Visual Studio Code or Notepad++ and convert line endings.

Issue 4: Missing Dependencies

SH files may require external tools or scripts to execute fully. Always read the script or accompanying documentation to check for prerequisites.

Conclusion

Executing .sh files on Windows is versatile and straightforward when armed with the right tools and knowledge. Whether you prefer to leverage the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), use Git Bash, or employ Cygwin, each option allows you to maximize the capabilities and functionality of your Windows operating system.

By embracing these tools, you not only simplify the execution of shell scripts, but you also enhance your workflow and productivity. Take the time to explore these environments further to develop a deeper understanding of shell scripting, and soon you’ll be on your way to creating custom scripts tailored to automate your tasks or improve your development processes.

The ability to run .sh files is just one piece of a much larger puzzle. As you delve deeper into programming and automation, you will find that scripts can serve you in countless ways, allowing you to weave efficiency seamlessly into your daily computing tasks. Happy scripting!