Как добавить ssh в windows

You will learn how to SSH into a VirtualBox guest machine from a local host computer as well as from another computer. I use SSH as an example here, but these settings will work for other scenarios such as a web-server on your VirtualBox machine.

Why SSH into VirtualBox?

There are multiple reasons you may want to connect to your VirtualBox guest OS through SSH or other means. I often do that to test various things including:

• SSH Key authentication
• SSH in FileZilla
• Mont the remote server to your File Manager
• Transfer files between computers
• Remote desktop software

I use SSH as an example here because it is the simplest use case. However, these settings will work for other scenarios as well. You just need to install the necessary software and configure the corresponding ports in your VirtualBox OS. The rest is the same.

Prepare VirtualBox

Install SSH in VirtualBox OS

First, let’s install SSH in the VirtualBox OS. I assume you run a Debian-based distro such as Ubuntu in your VirtualBox. I have a detailed guide on how to install, configure and use SSH on Linux, if you need instructions for other Linux distros.

In Ubuntu, you need to install the OpenSSH server package:

sudo apt install openssh-server

After the installation, check the SSH status:

sudo systemctl status ssh

You should see that it is active:

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If it is not, enable and start it manually:

sudo systemctl enable ssh --now
sudo systemctl status ssh

Open SSH port in Firewall

If you have a firewall enabled in your VirtualBox, it may block your SSH connection. You can find what ports are open with this command:

sudo lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN

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If you do not find the port 22 among open ports, open it in your firewall:

sudo ufw allow ssh
sudo ufw status verbose

You can also do it using the graphical interface of the UFW firewall.

VirtualBox network settings

To open VirtualBox for SSH connections, we need to change the VirtualBox network settings to allow the SSH connection. Navigate to VirtualBox settings -> Network
and make sure you have the settings Attached to NAT.

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Then go to Advanced -> Port Forwarding and add these settings:

• Name: ssh (or whatever you like)
• Protocol: TCP
• Host Port: 2222 (or any other port you like)
• Gust port: 22

The IP fields can be left empty.

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Similarly, you can also set port forwarding for other interfaces.

Install SSH client

To be able to SSH into the VirtualBox OS, you must have an OpenSSH client installed on the computer you are going to connect from e.g. your host computer or your another computer:

sudo apt install openssh-client

If you use Windows as a client, install PuTTY.

Connect to VirtualBox from the guest OS

Now, connect to the VirtualBox OS using the port 2222 that we set earlier and the username of your VirtualBox OS:

ssh -p 2222 virtualbox-user-name@localhost

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If you get a warning “Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?”, type yes. You would also have to type the password of your VirtualBox user.

Now, you should have an SSH connection to your VirtualBox OS.

Connect to VirtualBox from another computer

Connecting to VirtualBox from another computer is a little more complicated. You need to change the network settings of your VirtualBox and also find out the IP address of your VirtualBox.

Switch to the Bridge Adapter in VirtualBox

The Bridge Adapter creates a routing that makes your VirtualBox network interface look like your host network interface. That way, you can to reach your VirtualBox machine from another machine.

You need to go to VirtualBox network settings and switch from NAT to Bridge Adapter.

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Find out your VirtualBox IP

You can find your VirtualBox IP address, if you run this command:

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You can also find it in the graphical network settings:

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Note, this is your private IP address and to access it you need to be in the same network. You can SSH to your Virtualbox from outside of your local network if you use your public IP and configure the SSH port forwarding in your router. This poses an extreme security risk to your system, so I do not recommend doing so.

If you still want to do that, you can find out your public IP if you just google my ip. To configure the SSH port forwarding in your router, you need to follow the instruction of your router. The settings vary from model to model. This is how it looks in my router:

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Also, follow these SSH security measures:

• use a strong password and SSH key authentication
• disallow root access over SSH
• do not use the default 22 port
• disallow numerous SSH login attempts.

SSH to VirtualBox from another computer

Use the IP address you noted earlier to connect to the VirtualBox OS from another computer :

ssh virtualbox-user-name@virtualbox-ip-address

Final thoughts

Now, you know how to SSH into a VirtualBox machine. VirtualBox provides endless possibilities for other tests and I hope now when you know the principle, you would be able to configure it for other use cases as well.

If you want to learn more about SSH, I have a detailed guide on how to install, configure and use SSH on Linux and how to enhance the security of your SSH connection with SSH keys and white-listed IP addresses.

VirtualBox allows to create different guest virtual machines on top of the same host. And, it provides isolation from the host too.

But, what if you need to access the guest machine via SSH?

That’s where Network Address Translation (NAT) helps. It allows SSH access even to the virtual servers.

At Bobcares, we often get requests from customers to enable VirtualBox SSH NAT settings as part of our Infrastructure Management Services.

Today, we’ll see how our Dedicated Engineers setup SSH via NAT in Virtualbox and solve common issues with it.

How VirtualBox NAT helps?

Let’s now take a look on the need for having special settings to SSH to the guest server.

VirtualBox support Network Address Translation aka NAT. NAT simply maps an address to another.

Usually, by enabling NAT networking for any guest server, VirtualBox automatically performs IP address translation between the guest VM and host’s network. And, there is no need to configure anything on the host machine or on the local network in guest. However, this makes guest VM not reachable or visible from external networks. Thus, it creates problems when you want to access the guest VM directly.

Fortunately, by enabling port forwarding for port 22, we can SSH to the guest machine from the host.

Steps to enable SSH on VirtualBox

Now, let’s see how our Dedicated Engineers setup port forwarding for VirtualBox NAT. There are options to do this either from the GUI or from the command line. We’ll check both methods here.

1. Port forwarding from GUI

Firstly, let’s see how to do this from the VirtualBox web interface.

On VirtualBox, to allow SSH access, we need to edit the network settings of the guest VM.

For this, we first choose the guest VM, then open “Settings” >> “Network” >> “Advanced” section. This will show additional network adapter options. Then, we click on “Port Forwarding” button.

Here, we add a new port forwarding rule. It will contain a name for the rule, protocol, host IP, port and guest IP and port.

For example, to enable SSH access on a guest machine with IP 10.0.2.15 on port 2522, our Support Engineers set up the rule from the panel as

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When we power on the guest VM, it will automatically enable this rule. However, to confirm that port 2522 is listening, we check using the netstat command.

Now, we can SSH to the guest VM using

ssh -p 2522 <login>@127.0.0.1
Here, the SSH login request sent to 127.0.0.1:2522 will automatically be translated into 10.0.2.15:22 by VirtualBox. Thus, we can now SSH to the guest VM.
2. Port forwarding from command line
Similarly, we can add port forwarding from the command line too. Let’s check on how to do this too.
Here, we make use of the VirtualBox command-line management interface called VBoxManage.
To create a port forwarding rule for guest VM named “Centos” with IP address 10.0.2.15 and SSH port 22, mapped to local host at port 2522, our Dedicated Engineers use the command:
VBoxManage modifyvm "Centos" --natpf1 "SSH,tcp,127.0.0.1,2522,10.0.2.15,22"
Here, the name of the rule should be set as unique.
After creating the rule, we verify it using
VBoxManage showvminfo "Centos" | grep NIC
And, this will show the rule in the results.
How we fix when things go wrong with VirtualBox SSH ?
From our experience in managing VirtualBox, we often see customers having problems with SSH on guest VMs. Let’s see where customers go wrong in NAT setup and how we fix them.
1. Port problems
Often, problems can arise while choosing the SSH port. Recently, one of our customers reported problems with SSH access to his VirtualBox guest machine. The error said:
ssh: connect to host 192.168.12.131 port 22:Connection refused
Here, our Support Engineers started investigation by checking the SSH configuration and the port forwarding rule. In this case, the forwarding rule was set up on port 2222, while customer was using 22 instead. And, we corrected the customer to use the correct SSH port and that fixed the problem.
2. Network settings
Similarly, network settings also can create problems with access to VirtualBox guests.
The network settings depend on the type of access required on guest VMs. For example, when the guest server need only access via internal network, our Dedicated Engineers setup the network interface as host-only adapter. Here, the machine will not have access to the internet.
And, for machines that need internet access too, we set the Adapter 1 as NAT and set Adapter 2 as a Host-Only adapter. Thus, when users report connection problems, we always ensure that the network adapter is set correctly on the server.
[Have trouble connecting to VirtualBox machine ? We can fix it right away.]
Conclusion
To conclude, VirtualBox SSH NAT settings decide on the access to the guest machines. Today, we saw how our Dedicated Engineers setup port forwarding rules to enable SSH access on guest machines and fix common problems with it.

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