Fortran is still the best way for developers seeking to deliver exceptional performance in computationally
intensive applications. And Intel’s Fortran Compiler is built on a long
history of generating optimized code supporting industry standards while
taking advantage of built-in technology for the latest Intel® Xeon®
Scalable processors and Intel® Core™ Ultra processors. Staying aligned with
Intel’s evolving and diverse architectures, the Intel® Fortran Compiler
supports offload to Intel® GPUs for additional performance. In addition to great standards
support, Intel Fortran offers productive tools, compiler directives, and
compiler options that enable you to take advantage of ever increasing
processor core counts and vector register widths available in Intel
processors as well as offloading to GPUs. Build robust and easier to maintain applications using LLVM Sanitizers. And it works with Visual
Studio, the industry standard in Windows application development, and
can be used from the command line as well.
Features & Benefits
-
Flexible Development Environment: Choose between the intuitive Visual Studio IDE or command-line interface
for efficient development, building, debugging, and running applications. Visual Studio users can
build mixed-language applications with C++, Visual Basic, C# and more.
Intel Fortran development support is broad and includes performance libraries such
as Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library and Intel® MPI Library, along with analysis tools for
efficient development, creating an exceptional Fortran development
environment with outstanding performance. -
Broad Industry Standards Support: The Intel Fortran Compiler
offers full support for Fortran 95, 2003, 2008, 2018, and partial 2023 language standards,
including Coarrays, DO CONCURRENT, and more. It also supports OpenMP 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, and select OpenMP 6.0 for CPU and
GPU offload, alongside older Fortran standards (FORTAN IV (Fortran-66), 77,
and 90). -
Boost Application Performance: Accelerate compute by utilizing
hardware acceleration features with build-in compiler optimizations
like vectorization. These optimizations exploit the ever-increasing core count and
vector register width in Intel® processors using SIMD
(single-instruction-multiple-data), AVX/AVX2/AVX512 (advanced vector
extensions) parallelism, and more, significantly boosting Fortran application
performance.
The Intel Fortran Compiler is part of the Intel® oneAPI HPC Toolkit, Intel® Fortran Essentials, and is available
as a standalone download. It integrates seamlessly
into Visual Studio, supporting productive development of multicore, and
cluster-based systems built on Intel Architecture.
Intel
Fortran Compiler
Download standalone
version
Getting Started
Guide
Purchase with Priority
Support
Support &
Community
Developer Guide and Reference
Porting Guide for Intel Fortran Compiler Classic Users
Training
Code
Samples
About Intel
oneAPI
Intel Fortran Compiler
Command Line
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How to Set Up Intel Fortran Development on Windows in Visual Studio & Visual Studio Code
What this guide is for: This post details how to set up a Fortran development environment in Windows using Visual Studio Code (VS-Code) and the Intel Fortran compiler, ifort
.
Installations
We will be installing both Visual Studio as well as VS-Code. This is because we will be bootstrapping the debugger from Visual Studio for our development in VS-Code. We will also be installing the Intel Fortran compilers via the Intel oneAPI basekit and HPC toolkit.
- First, install Visual Studio 2022 Community edition: https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/community/
- During installation, check the box for
Desktop development with C++
.
- During installation, check the box for
- Second, install the Intel oneAPI base toolkit: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit-download.html
- Choose Windows and select the online installer.
- Note: signing in is not required to download.
- Continue with the recommended installation.
- You should have the option to enable integration with Visual Studio 2022. Make sure this is enabled.
- Third, install the Intel oneAPI HPC toolkit: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/hpc-toolkit-download.html
- Repeat with similar steps to installing the base toolkit, ensuring that integration with Visual Studio 2022 is enabled.
- Fourth, install VS-Code: https://code.visualstudio.com/download
- Fifth, we will install
chocolatey
, which will then be used to installmake
. Search forWindows PowerShell
in the start menu and chooseRun as Adminstrator
. Run the following command to installchocolatey
:
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
- Now restart
Windows PowerShell
with admin rights and runchoco install make
.
Useful Checks
- To check that the Intel Fortran compiliers have been successfully integrated with Visual Studio, first launch Visual Studio. Then, choose «Create a new project». If the drop-down menu for language types contains an entry for Fortran, you should be good to go.
- In the start menu, search for and run «Intel oneAPI command prompt for IA32 for Visual Studio 2022». If all goes well, this should open a command prompt and initialise the environment.
Setting up VS-Code
Now that the installations have been completed, we will be setting up the VS-Code environment. First we will install a few extensions for Fortran development. Second, we will bootstrap the Intel oneAPI command prompt to the VS-Code terminal. Third, we will configure the debugger to enable breakpoints support etc.
Extensions
Install the following extensions via the extensions tab on the left-hand pane: C/C++
, Code Runner
, Modern Fortran
Terminal
From the toolbar, select Terminal -> New Terminal
. By default, this opens a Powershell terminal. We wish to change this to the oneAPI command prompt. To do this, first select the drop-down in the terminal pane and choose Select Default Profile
.
This opens a prompt to choose one of the existing terminal setups.
Click the ⚙️ icon next to Command Prompt to make a new terminal profile based on the existing setup for the Command Prompt. Name it «OneAPI» and press Enter
. From the toolbar, use File -> Open File...
to open the settings.json
file. This is usually located at: C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\Code\User\settings.json
.
In the OneAPI args
field, add: "/k \"Program Files (x86)\\Intel\\oneAPI\\setvars.bat"
. You can also edit the terminal icon colour and choose to override the name, but this is optional. Also add "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.windows": "OneAPI"
to set it as the default terminal.
Now when you choose Terminal -> New Terminal
, the OneAPI terminal we just made should run. It should also prompt the batch script setvars.bat
to initialise the environment.
At this point, you should be able to compile files in the terminal with ifort
. Note that because we are on windows, the output files always have the extension:.exe
. For example, running: ifort test.f90 -o test.o
would compile test.f90
and make an exectuable file test.exe
, which is a bit misleading. You could then run the exectuable with test.exe
in the terminal. However, we have yet to take advantage of power of using VS-Code with Modern Fortran Extension. See below for more details…
Modern Fortran
By default, the Modern Fortran extension linter is set up for the gfortran
compiler. To remedy this, we need to add 2 lines to our settings.json
file:
"fortran.linter.compiler":"ifort"
sets the default linter compiler toifort
.fortran.linter.compilerPath": "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Intel\\oneAPI\\compiler\\latest\\windows\\bin\\intel64\\ifort"
provides the path to theifort
configuration file hidden away in the program files.
With these additions, any files with the supported Fortran file extensions will be prescanned for syntax errors, warnings, etc. Modern Fortran uses the fortls
language server for further improvements but I run into errors when trying to use this. Any assistance with this would be appreciated.
Debugging
The main reason for installing Visual Studio is for the debugger that comes bundled with it. We will bootstrap the debugger to an extension that can be read by the cppvsdbg
debugger in VS-Code. Credit goes to this post.
- Navigate to:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\debugger\latest\ide_support\fee\vs2022
and extract theFEE.VSIX_v17.vsix
ZIP file to a directory of your choice. - In the newly-created directory, create a file called
.vsdbg-config.json
and paste inside it the following:
{
"$schema": "https://aka.ms/vs/vsdbg-config-schema",
"languages": [
{
"languageId": "{8e546c6f-4819-4dde-83dd-f998d52e6f33}",
"vendorId": "{2a333b19-f91e-477b-8032-22de549d925a}",
"name": "Fortran",
"codeViewCompilerIds": [ { "code": 2 } ]
}
]
}
- Go back to VS-Code and open a project of your choice. Open the debug panel from the left-hand pane and select
create a launch .json file
. Then paste the following:
{
// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "(Visual Studio Debugger) Fortran",
"type": "cppvsdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/abt.exe",
"args": [], // Possible input args for abt.exe
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"environment": []
}
]
}
- Finally create a file
.cppvsdbg/extensions/FEE.link
and inside it paste a single line containing the path to your chosen directory. Save this file in the working directory of your project. - If you compile with flag
-debug:full
, breakpoints should now function inside debug mode.
In this course, we will be primarily using Intel Fortran compiler. You can request a free student version of Intel Fortran compiler at the Intel Free Software Tools website. The Intel Fortran compiler is included in the Intel Parallel Studio XE. So you need to request and download it for your machine.
Installation on Windows
You will need to install Microsoft Visual Studio first and then Intel Fortran Compiler. At first, you need to find out the right version of Visual Studio for a specific version of Intel Compiler. Then, you can download the Visual Studio online. The free Visual Studio Community Edition is a valid option for Intel Compiler. If you are installing Visual Studio 2017, then it is necessary to install the Desktop development with C++ component from Visual Studio. This component is not installed by default.
Installation on MacOS
There is no Mac version of Microsoft Visual Studio. So the only IDE you can use is Xcode by Apple. But the integration of Intel Fortran Compiler with Xcode is limited according to Steve Lionel from Intel. Another option is to use the command line tool (Terminal) on macOS. At first, you need to find out the right version of Intel Fortran Compiler for your machine. If you plan on using Fortran Compiler on Mac Terminal, then you do not need to install Xcode. For this course, you do not need to install Xcode. According to the Intel website, in order to use the Intel Compilers on MacOS 10.9 and greater (Mavericks), the ‘command line tools’’ for Xcode must be installed although you do not need Xcode itself. By default these are NOT installed when you install Xcode 5. So your can download those tools from Apple Download website for developers and install it. You can also install it from the Mac Terminal,
Than, a software update window will appear. You need to confirm the installation by clicking “Install”. After this, you should be ready to use the Intel Fortran compiler on your machine.
If you do choose to try out Xcode, then you must install Xcode first. After that, when you install Intel Fortran compiler, choose to integrate it with Xcode too.
If you want to use the free GNU Fortran compiler on MacOS, install it via homebrew:
Installation on Linux
You will also need to install the Intel Fortran compiler for your machine. But since we have no students using Linux this semester, I will update this section later with some details.
However, if you choose to use the free GNU Fortran compiler, then you just need to install the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) which includes the GNU Fortran Compiler. For example, on Ubuntu
You may also need to install some development tools on your computer,
sudo apt-get install build-essential
Learn how to install Fortran locally to solve Exercism’s exercises on your own machine
The Fortran language track requires that you have the following software
installed on your system:
- a modern Fortran compiler
- the CMake cross-platform build system
Prerequisite: A Modern Fortran Compiler
This language track requires a compiler with Fortran
2003 support. All
major compilers released in the last few years should be compatible.
The following will describes installation of GNU
Fortran or GFortran. Other fortran
compilers are listed
here.
Intel Fortran is a
popular proprietary choice for high performance applications. Most
exercises will work with Intel Fortran, but are only tested with GNU
Fortran so your mileage may vary.
Prerequisite: CMake
CMake is an open source cross-platform build system that generates build
scripts for your native build system (make
, Visual Studio, Xcode, etc.).
Exercism’s Fortran track uses CMake to give you a ready-made build that:
- compiles the tests
- compiles your solution
- links the test executable
- automatically runs the tests as part of every build
- fails the build if the any tests fail
Using CMake allows exercism to provide a cross-platform build script that
can generate project files for integrated development environments like
Visual Studio and Xcode. This allows you to focus on the problem and
not worry about setting up a build for each exercise.
Getting a portable build isn’t easy and requires access to many kinds of
systems. If you encounter any problems with the supplied CMake recipe,
please report the issue so we can
improve the CMake support.
CMake 2.8.11 or later is required to use the provided build recipe.
Linux
Ubuntu 16.04 and later have compatible compilers in the package manager, so
installing the necessary compiler can be done with
sudo apt-get install gfortran cmake
For other distributions, you should be able to acquire the compiler through your
package manager.
MacOS
MacOS users can install GCC with Homebrew via
brew install gfortran cmake
Windows
With Windows there are a number of options:
- Windows Subsystem for Linux
(WSL) - Windows with MingW GNU Fortran
- Windows with Visual Studio with NMake and Intel
Fortran
Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
Windows 10 introduces the Windows Subsystem for Linux
(WSL). If
you have Ubuntu 16.04 or later as the subsystem, open an Ubuntu Bash
shell and follow the Linux instructions.
Windows with MingW GNU Fortran
Windows users can get GNU Fortran through
MingW.
The easiest way is to first install chocolatey
and then open an administrator cmd shell and then run:
choco install mingw cmake
This will install MingW (GFortran and GCC) to C:\tools\mingw64
and
CMake to C:\Program Files\CMake
. Then add the bin
directories of
these installations to the PATH, ie.:
set PATH=%PATH%;C:\tools\mingw64\bin;C:\Program Files\CMake\bin
Windows with Visual Studio with NMake and Intel Fortran
See Intel Fortran
Intel Fortran
For Intel Fortran
you have to first initialize the fortran compiler. On windows with Intel
Fortran 2019 and Visual Studio 2017 the command line should be:
"c:\Program Files (x86)\IntelSWTools\compilers_and_libraries_2019\windows\bin\ifortvars.bat" intel64 vs2017
This sources the paths for Intel Fortran and cmake should pick it up
correctly. Also, on Windows you should specify the cmake generator
NMake
for a command line build, eg.
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -G"NMake Makefiles" ..
NMake
ctest -V
The commands above will create a build
directory (not necessary, but
good practice) and build (NMake) the executables and test them (ctest).
For other versions of Intel Fortran you want to search your installation
for ifortvars.bat
on windows and on linux/macOS ifortvars.sh
.
Execute the script in a shell without options and a help will explain
which options you have. On Linux or MacOS the commands would be:
. /opt/intel/parallel_studio_xe_2016.1.056/compilers_and_libraries_2016/linux/bin/ifortvars.sh intel64
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
ctest -V