Здравствуй Хабр.
Это мой первый топик после долгого затишья. Так же это мой пятисотый пост на Хабре. За то время, что я был на Хабре, я нашёл себе друзей и, надеюсь, не нажил врагов. Надеюсь в дальнейшем писать только хорошие топики.
Началась история с того, что я попытался перейти на Linux. У меня до сих пор стоит Ubuntu 8.04, но окончательно отказаться от Windows я не могу (изза проблем с модемом и тюнером). Мне очень понравился дизайн и юзабилити Gnome, и я начал искать возможные способы реализации всего этого на Windows. Первое решение, которое я нашёл — Gnome под Cygwin’ом. Но меня этот выход не устроил. Очевидно, что подходящее решение — альтернативная оболочка. Я пробовал несколько, но не одна из них мне не подошла.
И вдруг, после месяца поисков, я нашёл SharpEnviro. Проект, написанный на Delphi, распространяющийся с исходниками. Также он позволяет писать дополнительные скрипты на Delphi. В ходе недолгих и несложных манипуляций я смог сделать интерфейс приближённо похожим на Gnome.
Кликабельно.
Немного разъяснений по настройке. В уголке каждой панельки и каждого модуля есть мааленькая кнопочка. Это опции. Там всё интуитивно понятно. Также на рабочем столе есть ссылка на SharpCenter. Это отличный инструмент для настройки SharpE.
Также я использовал тему Human для Windows. Надеюсь кому-то это поможет. Если нужны разъяснения по поводу настройки SharpE, пишите в комментах.
P.S. Если кто-нибудь поможет с LT Win Modem и BeholdTV под Ubuntu 8.04, буду очень благодарен.
UPD: Представьте себе. Я задавал вопрос на Ответах Гугл: Как сделать оболочку Windows максимально похожей на Gnome. Так вот, мне дали ссылку на мой же топик)) Мир тесен)
UPD2: Для всех желающих пишу сейчас мануальчик по настройке.
UPD3: ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ
GNOME Shell
GNOME Shell provides core user interface functions for the GNOME desktop,
like switching to windows and launching applications. GNOME Shell takes
advantage of the capabilities of modern graphics hardware and introduces
innovative user interface concepts to provide a visually attractive and
easy to use experience.
All interactions with the project should follow the Code of Conduct.
Supported versions
Upstream gnome-shell only supports the most recent stable release series,
the previous stable release series, and the current development release
series. Any older stable release series are no longer supported, although
they may still receive backported security updates in long-term support
distributions. Such support is up to the distributions, though.
Please refer to the schedule to see when a new version will be released.
Reporting bugs
Bugs should be reported to the issue tracking system.
The GNOME handbook has useful information for creating
effective issue reports.
If you are using extensions, please confirm that an issue still happens
without extensions. To properly disable extensions you can use the
extensions-app and then restart your session. Disabling extensions
without a restart is not sufficient to rule out extensions as the
cause of a bug. If an issue can only be reproduced with a certain
extension, please file an issue report against that extension first.
Please note that the issue tracker is meant to be used for
actionable issues only.
For support questions, feedback on changes or general discussions,
you can use:
- the #gnome-shell matrix room
- the
Desktopcategory orshelltag on GNOME Discourse
Feature requests
gnome-shell is a core compoment of the GNOME desktop experience.
As such, any changes in behavior or appearance only happen in
accordance with the GNOME design team.
For major changes, it is best to start a discussion on discourse
and reach out on the #gnome-design matrix room,
and only involve the issue tracker once agreement has been reached.
In particular mockups must be approved by the design team to be
considered for implementation.
For enhancements that are limited in scope and well-defined,
it is acceptable to directly open a feature request.
When in doubt, it is better to ask before opening an issue.
Contributing
To contribute, open merge requests at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-shell.
It can be useful to first look at the GNOME handbook.
If a change likely requires discussion beyond code review, it is probably better to
open an issue first, or follow the process for feature requests.
Otherwise, creating a separate issue is not required.
The following guidelines will help your change to be successfully merged:
- Keep the change as small as possible. If you can split it into multiple
merge requests, please do so. - Use multiple commits. This makes it easier to review and helps to diagnose
bugs in the future. - Use clear commit messages following the conventions.
- Pay attention to the CI results. Merge requests cannot be merged until the
CI passes.
There’s also a small guide for newcomers with
a few more basic tips and tricks.
Documentation
- Coding style and conventions for javascript
- Coding style and conventions for C code
- The GJS Developer Guide
- Building and Running
- Debugging
API Reference
- Meta: Display server and window manager
- St: Shell toolkit
- Clutter: OpenGL based scene graph
- Shell: Non-ui shell objects and utilities
- See the mutter page for additional documentation
License
GNOME Shell is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License,
version 2 or later. See the COPYING file for details.
Version 48.1 is available upstream. Please consider updating!
It seems that version 48.1 is available upstream, while the latest version in the Gentoo tree is 47.3-r1.
You think this warning is false? Read more about it here.
Available Versions
| Version | amd64 | x86 | alpha | arm | arm64 | hppa | mips | ppc | ppc64 | riscv | sparc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 47.3-r1 : 0 EAPI 8 | ~amd64 | ~x86 | ?alpha | ~arm | ~arm64 | ?hppa | ?mips | ?ppc | ?ppc64 | ~riscv | ?sparc |
| 47.3 : 0 EAPI 8 | ~amd64 | ~x86 | ?alpha | ~arm | ~arm64 | ?hppa | ?mips | ?ppc | ?ppc64 | ~riscv | ?sparc |
| 46.7 : 0 EAPI 8 | amd64 | x86 | ?alpha | ~arm | arm64 | ?hppa | ?mips | ?ppc | ~ppc64 | ~riscv | ?sparc |
Package Metadata
- 2Desktop Environments
- 2.2XFCE
- 2.3KDE Plasma 5
- 2.4Gnome 3
- 2.5Budgie
- 2.6Cinnamon
- 2.7Deepin
- 2.8Enlightenment
- 2.9LXDE
- 2.10LXQt
- 2.11MATE
- 3Window Managers
- 3.1Stacking Window Managers
- 3.1.1Openbox
- 3.1.2FluxBox
- 3.2Tiling Window Managers
- 3.1Stacking Window Managers
- Install Ubuntu On Windows Gnome
- Install Gnome On Windows 10 Linux Subsystem
- Install Gnome On Windows Subsystem For Linux
- Install Gnome On Windows 10
There are several Desktop Environments and Window Managers available for Manjaro, each with their own unique style, interface, and features. Furthermore, it is possible to install multiple environments if desired, which can be selected at the login screen at any time. Users are not restricted to whatever comes pre-installed with a particular flavour of Manjaro.
Installation GTK+ and gtkmm were designed to work well with Microsoft Windows, and the developers encourage its use on the win32 platform. However, Windows has no standard installation system for development libraries. Please see the Windows Installation page for Windows-specific installation instructions and notes. Install Tomboy from the Windows Installer (the MSI file) you’ve downloaded via Download page. Windows will need you to tell it to proceed with the install because it’s from an Unknown Publisher: If you have SmartScreen enabled, you will get a scary blue screen saying Windows has protected your PC, click ‘more’ to see a ‘Run anyway’ button. To get a full featured version of Linux on Windows 10, installing your favorite distro (Linux-speak for “a distributor or distributed version”) on a second PC is always an option if you are.
It is worth noting that a Desktop Environment(DE) is not a single entity; it is actually a collection of different components that work together. This commonly includes a:
- window manager to display, move and resize application windows
- file manager to visually browse, copy and access files, etc.
- background provider to display wallpapers, etc.
- panel to provide a menu and to display information such as the time
- settings/configuration manager to change the look of the environment
And so on. Most desktop environments will also come with their own preferred applications, in addition to various widgets, addons, and extensions to provide extra features. As such, upon entering the commands provided below in your terminal to download and install a desktop environment, you may be prompted to choose from a selection of components provided for it. To install a full desktop environment — complete with its own preferred file manager, applications, and so on
Where additional (and optional) extras for a desktop environment are available, the terminal commands to obtain these have also been provided.
Some important information about installing the Manjaro settings packages:
- The Manjaro settings packages contain the theming and settings to make the desktop the same as in the Manjaro ISOs
- They have the naming convention manjaro-<desktop>-settings i.e. manjaro-xfce-settings
- They share files so you can only have one at a time installed.
- If you are coming from gnome you must remove the meta package manjaro-gnome-assets before you can install the settings package for another desktop
The Risks of Using Multiple DEs
Installing multiple DEs is not without risks. Here are some things that can pop-up when running more than one DE:
- The settings packages overlap so you can only have one DE pre-configured with the Manjaro theming. The others will need to have the theming applied manually.
- You can end up with more than one instance of similar applications. For example, it is common to end up with 2 Bluetooth managers. It takes some tweaking to get a single manager working in multiple DEs
- Sometimes two different DEs will share the same configuration files causing strange things to happen, especially with theming
These risks are greatly reduced by using a different user account for each DE.
In summary, running multiple DEs is possible and a great way to enjoy Manjaro but it requires a willingness to troubleshoot and work through minor problems. If you are the type of person who wants everything to ‘just work’ out of the box, running multiple DEs might not be for you.
XFCE
XFCE is a lightweight and versatile desktop environment that utilises a classic drop-down or pop-up menu to access applications. It is also compatible with Compiz. A little time and effort will also be required to properly customise the desktop to suit personal taste. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running XFCE uses about 390MB of memory. As of version 18, Manjaro has moved to the gtk3 version of XFCE.
Install a basic XFCE environment
Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for XFCE
edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-gtk-greeter
Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for XFCE
To configure LightDM to match the official iso replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf with
Create a new user for the new desktop environment
KDE Plasma 5
The KDE community offers Plasma, a feature-rich and versatile desktop environment that provides several different styles of menu to access applications. Its default window manager is kwin, but is also compatible with Compiz. An excellent built-in interface to easily access and install new themes, widgets, etc, from the internet is also worth mentioning. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running KDE uses about 455MB of memory.
Install a basic KDE Plasma environment
Optional: Install KDE applications
To install a full set of K* applications use kde-applications. This will be ~300 packages(including dependencies)
Alternatively, install a minimal set of KDE applications with kdebase
Optional: Install and use SDDM, the recommended display manager for KDE
SDDM is installed as a dependency of plasma. To enable it
Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for plasma
Open plasma settings, go to Startup & Shutdown->Login Screen and select ‘Breath’
Alternatively, the newer themes may be installed with:
Create a new user for the new desktop environment
Gnome 3
Gnome 3 is an intuitive desktop environment that utilises a tablet or smartphone style interface to access applications. It is not compatible with compiz. Although Gnome is very easy to learn and use, its customisation options are quite limited, and it can be difficult to configure. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running Gnome uses about 447MB of memory.
Install a basic gnome environment
Optional: To install extra themes, games, and features
Optional: Install and use GDM, the recommended display manager for gnome
GDM is installed as a dependency of gnome, to enable it
Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for gnome
Create a new user for the new desktop environment
Budgie
The Budgie Desktop is a modern desktop designed to keep out the way of the user. It features heavy integration with the GNOME stack in order for an enhanced experience. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running budgie uses about 632MB of memory.
Install a basic budgie environment
Optional: Install additional commonly used components
Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for budgie
edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter
Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for budgie
To configure LightDM to match the official iso replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/slick-greeter.conf with
Create a new user for the new desktop environment
Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a desktop environment based on Gnome 3 that utilises a large panel-style menu to access applications. It is not compatible with compiz. Despite being based on Gnome, it has more customisation options and is easier to configure. Users of Windows Vista or Windows 7 may find Cinnamon’s interface comfortably familiar. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running Cinnamon uses about 665MB of memory.
Install a basic cinnamon environment
Optional: Install additional commonly used components
Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for cinnamon
Then edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter
Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for cinnamon
To configure LightDM to match the community edition replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/slick-greeter.conf with
Set the Manjaro logo on the panel by right-clicking on the menu and clicking configure. Select ‘Use a custom icon and label’. Select the Manjaro icon.
Create a new user for the new desktop environment
Deepin
The Deepin Desktop is an elegant, easy to use desktop. It is lightly configurable. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running deepin uses about 525MB of memory.
Install a basic deepin environment
Optional: Install the deepin applications suite
Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for deepin
Then edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-deepin-greeter
Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for deepin
Create a new user for the new desktop environment
Enlightenment
note: There is not currently a Manjaro settings package for Enlightenment
Enlightenment, sometimes known simply as E, is a lightweight desktop environment known for its configurability and tools for creating beautiful user interfaces using its Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL). E started in 1997 as a stacking windows manager, emerging as a desktop environment with development release 0.17. E does not come with a broad array of tools by default, which can be an advantage for experienced users who want to customize their installation, and a disadvantage for users with little or no experience of Linux. E uses a few unique terms, for example referring to panels as “shelves”. A 64-bit installation of E uses about 160M of memory.
Install a basic E environment
Optional: Install and use Entrance, the recommended display manager for E
Entrance is available from the AUR in the package entrance-git. Information on how to install packages from AUR can be found here.
Optional: Install Manjaro themes for E
Create a new user for the new desktop environment
LXDE
note: Installing LXDE will also result in installing Openbox as its default window manager. The LXDM display manager will also be downloaded, although it will be necessary to enable this yourself if you wish to replace your existing display manager.
LXDE is a super-lightweight desktop environment that is very similar to XFCE, with the exception that it is not compatible with Compiz. As with XFCE, LXDE is also a somewhat basic desktop environment, lacking some modern features that would be expected, such as a search-bar to find applications and files. However, it is also an excellent choice for less powerful computers.
Install a basic lxde environment
Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for lxde
Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for lxde
To configure LightDM to match the community edition replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf with
Create a new user for the new desktop environment
LXQt
The LXQt Desktop Environment LXQt is a lightweight Qt desktop environment. It will not get in your way. It will not hang or slow down your system. It is focused on being a classic desktop with a modern look and feel. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running lxqt uses about 250MB of memory.
Install a basic LXQt environment
Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for LXQt
edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter
Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for LXQt
Create a new user for the new desktop environment
MATE
The MATE Desktop Environment is the continuation of GNOME 2. It provides an intuitive and attractive desktop environment using traditional metaphors for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. MATE is under active development to add support for new technologies while preserving a traditional desktop experience. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running MATE uses about 378MB of memory.
Install a basic mate environment
Optional: Install mate applications and configuration tools
Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for mate
edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter
Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for mate
To configure LightDM to match the community edition replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/slick-greeter.conf with
Create a new user for the new desktop environment
Install Ubuntu On Windows Gnome
note: By nature, building your own desktop environment from a Window Manager will take substantially more time and effort than simply downloading a pre-defined desktop environment.
Warning: The images provided below are purely for illustrative purposes only. You will have you put in the necessary time and effort to configure them.
Although Desktop Environments commonly provide a good range of customisation options to suit personal taste and preference, they may still be seen as somewhat restrictive or controlled in the sense that they merely allow for the personalisation of their pre-defined components. However, certain Window Managers empower users to take a ‘do it yourself’ approach in order to create their own desktop environments. In essence, they may be used as a foundation on which to build upon, as literally every component and every aspect of the desktop is under the direct control and choice of the user. An environment may be as elaborate or as minimalistic as desired, and it is even possible to mix and match various components from other desktop environments.
Therefore extremely powerful and versatile, these window managers also carry the additional benefit of being faster and more resource efficient than pre-defined desktop environments. Interestingly, the super-lightweight LXDE environment is itself built on the Openbox window manager. There are two types of Window Manager: Stacking and Tiling. These names denote how application windows will behave on your desktop.
Stacking Window Managers
Stacking window managers are by far the most popular, and essentially allow application windows to be moved freely around the screen, which may overlap — or ‘stack’ — upon one another, hence the name. All popular desktop environments (e.g. XFCE, KDE, Gnome, etc.) use stacking window Managers.
Install Gnome On Windows 10 Linux Subsystem
Openbox
Openbox is by far the most popular Window Manager available. Due to its popularity there is excellent documentation available, as well as a good choice of additional themes that may be downloaded. To install Openbox, enter the command:
To install a logout script, configuration application, menu-editor, and extra themes for Openbox, enter the following command: Creative zen x-fi mac software.
Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration, theming, and tools for Openbox
FluxBox
FluxBox is another popular Window Manager. It is particularly notable for providing some features not seen in Openbox, such as tabbing, which allows for windows to be grouped together. To install FluxBox, enter the command:
Optional: Install the newsfetcher and workspace pager for Fluxbox
Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration, theming, and tools for Fluxbox
IceWM
IceWM is a Window Manager notable for perhaps being closer to a full desktop environment than Openbox or FluxBox. This includes providing a panel complete with menu, in addition to a workspace switcher. To install IceWM, enter the command:
To install a suite of tools and themes specifically for IceWM, enter the command:
Tiling Window Managers
Tiling window managers — as the name would suggest — tile application windows; each will have their own place on the screen, just like conventional tiles do not overlap. However, unlike conventional tiling, these window managers are usually very flexible, and allow for a multitude of different tiling patterns to suit personal taste and preference. Where stacking window managers focus on using the mouse for navigation, tiling window managers focus on the utilisation of the keyboard instead. As such, they can be much faster to use.
Awesome
Awesome is a popular tiling Window Manager, notable for using the Lua language for configuration. To install Awesome, enter the command:
To install some extra widgets for Awesome, enter the command:
Alternatively you can install the Awesome Community Edition.
i3
Install Gnome On Windows Subsystem For Linux
i3 is arguably the most popular tiling window manager available, and notable for using a single, completely self-contained configuration file. To install i3, enter the command:
To install a status bar and screen-locker for i3, enter the command:
Install Gnome On Windows 10
Retrieved from ‘https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Install_Desktop_Environments&oldid=1021’
GNOME Shell provides core user interface functions for the GNOME 3 desktop, like switching to windows and launching applications. GNOME Shell takes advantage of the capabilities of modern graphics hardware and introduces innovative user interface concepts to provide a visually attractive and easy to use experience.
Mutter is a window and compositing manager that displays and manages your desktop via OpenGL. Mutter combines a sophisticated display engine using the Clutter toolkit with solid window-management logic inherited from the Metacity window manager. While Mutter can be used stand-alone, it is primarily intended to be used as the display core of a larger system such as GNOME Shell. For this reason, Mutter is very extensible via plugins, which are used both to add fancy visual effects and to rework the window management behaviors to meet the needs of the environment.