Docker windows without hyper v

Если у вас появилась потребность в запуске Docker под Windows на машине со старым железом (без поддержки hyper-v), то в данной статье я расскажу как это сделать.

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Скорее всего при запуске Docker Вы получили следующее сообщение:

An error occurred
Hardware assisted virtualization and data execution protection must be enabled in the BIOS. See https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-windows/troubleshoot/#virtualization-must-be-enabled

Данное сообщение говорит о том, что у вас в bios отключена система аппаратной виртуализации и ее необходимо включить.
К сожалению не все машины имеют данную систему виртуализации.
Или же при использовании Windows 10 Home вы могли получить следующее сообщение:

Docker for Windows requires Windows 10 Pro or Enterprise version 14393 to run.

Данное сообщение говорит о том, что для работы Docker требуется версия Windows 10 PRO.
К сожаление с hyper-v системой виртуализации можно работать только в PRO версии системы.

Как быть если в BIOS нельзя включить HYPER-V или ваша версия операционной системы не позволяет вам этого сделать?

Для этого вам понадобится

Docker ToolBox

.
Скачать его можно

тут

(официальный сайт).
Для запуска/установки Docker ToolBox вам может понадобиться

VirtualBox

.
Вы можете выбрать любую другую версию VIrtualBox на

официальном сайте

.

Далее после установки Docker ToolBox у вас появятся ярлыки для запуска Docker Quickstart Terminal и Kitematic (Alpha).
В данной статье я расскажу как запустить контейнер hello-world-nginx в Kitematic (Alpha).

Запустите Kitematic (Alpha):

В списке доступных контейнеров будет hello-world-nginx.

Он нам и нужен. Нажмите create. После чего контейнер будет скачан с Docker hub

и скорее всего автоматически запущен

.
Откройте вкладку Setting, а в ней вкладку Hostname / ports:

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Теперь необходимо задать порты для вашего контейнера.
В первой колонке DOCKER PORT задайте 80 порт. Во второй колонке PUBLISHED IP:PORT необходимо прописать порт 9090.

На всякий случай, для избежания конфликтов, убедитесь, что данные порты на вашей машине свободны.

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После проведения данных манипуляций необходимо перезагрузить машину и снова запустить Kitematic (Alpha).
После загрузки Kitematic (Alpha) вы увидите созданный контейнер:

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Запустите его, нажав кнопку start и перейдите по IP указанному в настройках hostname/ports (В моем случае на скриншоте это был IP 192.168.99.100 и порт 9090).

После перехода в браузере по данному URL и порту вы должны увидеть страницу со следующим содержимым:

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На этом все! Docker установлен, контейнер запущен.

Do you want to install Docker on Windows 10/8/7 or server without enabling the Hyper-V (Hypervisor Platform)? Then here is the tutorial, the easiest way to start a Docker container on Windows…

Docker, an open-source platform offers containerized virtual machines to run various apps and operating systems in an isolated environment. As compared to other virtual machines software, the Docker is lightweight, and images on it use the system’s kernel to provide optimized speed. Moreover, the images meant to run on it are also stripped down or very light, for example, Ubuntu Image which is far small in size and lighter as compared to regular Ubuntu server CLI ISO available online to download and use.

In terms of version, Docker offers two editions one is Enterprise and the other community that is open-source software. Although the open-source which is free to use has all the functions required to operate containers and can be used on servers and on development to test machines; the things which make it different from the Enterprise version are the support and some management functions to also use them in productive operations.

So, if you don’t want to enable Hyper-V in order to preserve Virtualization support to other software such as VirtualBox or Vmware workstation player then here is the simple way to install Docker-CE on Windows 10 or 7 using the Docker ToolBox.

What we learn here:

• How to run Docker without using Hyper-V?
• Installation of Docker ToolBox for windows 10 and 7
• Pull and run Docker Images on Windows 10 without Hypervisor -Hyper-V

Pre-requisites:

• Docker ToolBox executable file
• Windows 10 or 7
• Administrator access
• Internet connection

Download Docker ToolBox

The first thing we need is the ToolBox, a package that contains various tools that are: Docker, Docker-machine, docker-compose, Kitematic Web-based GUI, and VirtualBox. You can see that VirtualBox is there, thus in the Docker ToolBox instead of Hyper-V, it will use that to run the base Linux image to create further containerized machines. The Toolbox is available for both macOS and Windows 10/8/7 platforms, here is the Github page to download the executable binaries.

Run the installer

Once you have the installer using the above link, simply run it like any other Windows software. You will see the “Docker Toolbox Setup Wizard“. Click on the Next button.

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Select Destination Location

By default like any other Windows application, the wizard will also install the Docker files and folder in the C: Drive. However, if you want to save it in some other directory then select that, here.

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Select Docker ToolBox Components to install

The benefit of using the ToolBox is it comes with all the essential components we need for using the Docker including the Graphical user interface app called Kitematic to graphically install, start, stop, and delete Docker images pulled from Docker Hub. By default, all of them will be selected and it is recommended to let them as it is, however, if you are an advanced user then select accordingly.

Components are:

• Docker client for Windows
• Docker machine for Windows
• Docker Compose for WIndows
• VirtualBox
• Kitematic for Windows (Alpha)
• Git for Windows

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Select Additional Tasks

To create various virtual containers the Docker uses a lightweight Linux distro and to run without Hyper-V it uses VirtualBox. Thus, leave the default options such as Upgrade Boot2Docker VM, Binaries to Path as it is, and click on the Next button.

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Run Docker Quickstart Terminal Without Hyper-V

Finally, after installing everything you will see an icon on your Desktop- Docker Quickstart Terminal, double click on that to start the Bash terminal for setting up the Docker Virtual Machine image on VirtualBox.

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Check the Docker working

Either you can use the same terminal window or open the Command prompt to check whether the Docker is working fine or not. On the Terminal type:

docker pull ubuntu

The above command will fetch the latest Docker image of  Ubuntu from Docker Hub.

Start the Ubuntu container

One the image is pulled, run that as a container:

docker run -it ubuntu

You will see the Ubuntu bash with root user, simply start running all the commands you generally run on Ubuntu Linux OS.

Kitematic GUI, Access Containers to run commands

In case you don’t want to use the command-line interface, then there will be another icon on your Desktop with the label “Kitematic (Alpha)” double click that to run. Select the VirtualBox option from its interface. You will see all the running containers on your system including the recommend images.

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You can directly execute commands from the interface of Kitematic to your installed and selected container via PowerShell. Just select the container and click on the Exec option given on the menu. This will open the PowerShell to run container supported commands.

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In this way, we can easily get all the benefits of Docker but without enabling Hyper-V on our Windows system. You can also install Docker ToolBox using the Chocolatey…

I’m a big advocate for using Docker, however, it can be a large pain on Windows. Although I am primarily a linux user, I do a lot of my development on a Windows machine for work, and run several VM’s for various purposes, predominatly using Virtual Box. Docker Community Edition’s requirment for Hyper-V limtis it’s availability, with many neeeding to forgo it for their other needs.

This tutorial will show you how to setup Docker using Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), hiding the daemon away in a VM so you can still run all your commands and access your containers from a VM. It assumes that you WSL installed. If not, follow these instructions.

I estimate this should take 10-15 minutes.

Setup your VM and install the Docker Daemon

Install Virtual Box from here, and ensure that you install the Host Only Network Adapter.

Once setup, download the CentOS Minimal ISO, and build a VM, installing CentOS. I gave my machine 2048MB of RAM. It’s best too also give your machine a user, and avoid using the root account. USE THE SAME USERNAME AS YOUR WSL USERNAME. This isn’t completley essential, but is helpful for avoiding potential errors later on. After setup has concluded, and you can ensure the machine can get out to the internet, power it down.

Now, go to the settings of your newly created VM, in my case named Containers. Under Networking, enable Adapter 2, and attach it to your Host Only Network Adapter. Power on the machine.

Back inside the machine, power it on, we need to discover our new adapters IP, which we’ll use for later. To do so, we’ll need the ifconfig command found from net-tools.
Run the following commands:

sudo yum -y install net-tools
ifconfig -a

The second command will result in something similar to the following.

Make sure you write the IP down somewhere.

Time to install Docker. I’ve pulled the commands from Docker’s Docs, which I recommend reading for your own knowledge.

    sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
        device-mapper-persistent-data \
        lvm2

    sudo yum-config-manager \
        --add-repo \
        https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

    sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

Docker is now installed, time to enable it.

sudo systemctl enable docker

And now, make sure it’s running with

sudo systemctl status docker

Finally, add our user too the docker group.
Note, if you’re using a different username on WSL, add it instead of $USER.

sudo usermod -a -G docker $USER

Setting up Docker CLI on WSL to control Docker from Windows.

Now, exit your VM, and load up WSL. Install Docker’s dependencies, add the pgp key, and add the stable repository for Ubuntu.

    sudo apt-get install -y \
        apt-transport-https \
        ca-certificates \
        curl \
        software-properties-common

    curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

    sudo add-apt-repository \
        "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
        $(lsb_release -cs) \
        stable"

Now, update your system, and install the latest

    sudo apt-get update -y
    sudo apt-get install -y docker-ce

Install Docker Compose using PIP (with commands should you not already have it)

    sudo apt-get install -y python python-pip
    pip install --user docker-compose

Ensure Volume Mounts Work.

I’d like to thank Nick Jatekins and his blog post for pointing this solution out to me.

For this, we need to edit our volume mounts to make sure things are working. This requires you to have the Windows 10 1803 or later.

Add the following too 3 lines to /etc/wsl.conf with a text editor of your choice. I use VIM.

    [automount]
    root = /
    options = "metadata"

You’ll need to restart to make these changes take effect.

We need to point WSL to use our VM’s Docker Host. Remember the IP for the Host Only Network Adapter before? Here is where we will use it, substituting it(VMIP) and the VM’s username below (VMUN).

    echo "export DOCKER_HOST=ssh://<VMUN>@<VMIP>:2375" >> ~/.bashrc
    source ~/.bashrc

1. Time to get going, run docker info, and we should be good to go.
   

      docker info
   

We’ll be prompted for the VM’s password, and then the result will be returned.

Setting up SSH Keys

It obviously will get very tedious setting up SSH Keys every time we run a command, so we can setup SSH Keys to avoid this.

Generate an RSA SSH Key in WSL

    ssh-keygen -t rsa

Create the .ssh folder on your VM

    ssh <VMUN>@<VMIP> mkdir -p .ssh

Add your SSH Key to the Authorised Keys on the VM

     cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh <VMUN>@<VMIP> 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'

Set he permissions on the VM’s .ssh directory

    ssh <VMUN>@<VMIP> "chmod 700 .ssh; chmod 640 .ssh/authorized_keys"

Now, Docker, as well as any other sessions over SSH will work without being prompted for a password.

Editing your Hosts File

Edit your hosts file on your local windows machine, as remembering your IP can get annoying after a while.
Add the following two lines (the first being a comment), to the hosts file, found in C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc.
Please remember to replace the IP with your own.

    ## Docker
    <VMIP> docker

Testing

Now, time to test it. Let’s use WSL, where we should be running all our commands from. Let’s install and run web page test.

docker pull webpagetest/server
docker run -d -p 4000:80 --rm webpagetest/server

This will launch the web page, mapping the containers port 80 to the Docker Daemon (VM)’s port 4000.
Now, head to docker:4000 on your windows machine in a browser of your choice, and if everything is running correctly, you should be greated with the following web page.