Добавление статического маршрута windows

Last Updated :
01 Nov, 2022

A routing table is a part of a computer’s operating system. It contains the details of the best way to reach different networks, such as your home or office network. The table helps your computer send data to different networks and devices. Windows uses a routing table to determine the best way to send data to a specific destination. A routing table is used in every operating system. It contains the details of the best way to reach different networks, such as your home or office network. The table helps your computer send data to different networks and devices. Windows uses a routing table to determine the best way to send data to a specific destination. You can add a static route to the routing table to save time if your home or business is frequently visited. You can also add alternate routes to your home or business if you have trouble reaching the original location via the routing table.

Interfaces and Route Table on Windows:

The Command route print prints the list of All Interfaces and the IPv4/v6 Routing Table. It is followed by a comma-delimited argument, which describes the command to run (e: -f). If there are no arguments then it reports all installed ports for each configured interface; if not supplied this would report only the ones present on that port range. The format uses spaces as normal in names. Below is the Snapshot after running route print on Windows.

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Adding Static Route to the Routing Table:

To add a static route, press and hold the Windows key and the R key, then press Enter on your keyboard; this opens the Run dialog box. Type route print and press Enter on your keyboard. This opens Windows’ Routing and IP Configuration dialog box. In this dialog box, click on Add → Next → Next; this opens the Add Default Route window. In this window, enter the details for your new default route, then click on Add → Close → OK → Apply → Close→ OK → OK;  Now you are now finished adding a static route to the Windows Routing Table.

The command to add an entry from cmd is as below

route add Destination_Address 
MASK Subnet_Mask Gateway_IP Metric

Example: route add 192.168.39.0 
MASK 255.255.255.0 192.148.0.2

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Below is the output of the route print after adding the static route.

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Alternate routes can be useful for travelers or for businesses with multiple locations throughout town or regionally. For example, if you live far from work you may want an alternate route, so you don’t have to constantly drive back and forth all day long between home and work each day; alternatively, if you’re a business owner with several locations throughout town or regionally, alternate routes can be useful for customers who need several locations open for business each day they can easily reach their location by traveling along different roads through town or regionally instead of having to travel back-and-forth on one road each day between their locations. Adding an alternate route to your home or business is easy with a properly functioning routing table; however, many users neglect to add them until they experience problems reaching their location via that main route. Adding a static route can also be effective when adding an alternate route for quick access for frequent use by family members or friends; either way, adding a static route or alternate route is easy with just a few steps.

Sometimes you need to create static route entries to make communication with different networks that are connected via a different gateway. A gateway is simply a network router that routes the network traffic between different networks. When you have more than one gateway (router) on your network, then you may need to implement static route technique on Windows 10/Windows 11 or Windows servers/any Operating system.

A static route will tell the Operating System to send network packets to the appropriate router instead of sending them to the default router. This simple guide shows how to add, delete and modify a static route to the routing table on Windows 11/10 and Microsoft Server Operating Systems.

There are a few useful commands you must know. Route delete, add and print. These commands will be handy to any user who has administrative access and know which router/gateway should be used for which network.

Why Add Static Route?

It mostly depends on the network setup. Usually, you can add these static routes on your default router (if it can support) or core switch. When you have this kind of proper network setup, you do not need to add a static route to each computer separately on the network. But in a few exceptional cases, you may need to implement static routes on individual computers. Here are a few examples.

1. You have more than one internet router on the network and you need to send traffic to certain websites (based on their IP addresses) via a different router than the default gateway. Let’s say, for example, all traffic to Netflix can be sent via the 2nd internet router where other website traffic can go through the 1st internet router.
2. There are several VLANs or subnets available on the network. Before building the proper routing table on the router or core switch, adding a static route on your Windows computer will help you to test the connectivity see the traffic flow.
3. For network security or isolation purpose, certain routes can’t be added to the default gateway device. In this case, as a network administrator, you can add the static route on a local computer to make network communication.

Route Add on Windows 11/10 and Windows Servers

Though there are major changes and interface upgrades in the latest Windows 11, the below steps remain the same.

Make sure you run the below commands on command prompt (or PowerShell) which is opened as Administrator.

Here is the command to add a static route to the routing table.

route ADD destination_network MASK subnet_mask  gateway_ip metric_cost

route add 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0 10.10.29.1

It indicates that any packets to 10.10.10.0 (in class C – 255.255.255.0) network should be forwarded to the 10.10.29.1 router (gateway).

Obviously, the PC/server in which we run this command is in the 10.10.29.0/24 network because it should communicate to the gateway from the same network.

The issue with the above command is when you shut down or restart the computer, these route entries will be removed. To make it permanent and add to the Windows OS routing table, we should use the –p key with the add command. So, adding a persistent (or permanent) static route on Windows 10 command will be like this;

route add –p 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0 10.10.29.1

Route Print

Route print command is another useful command to view the entries on the routing table and which routes are active at the moment.  If you need to modify an entry that is already in the routing table, better to confirm the entries before changing. To do it, use the route print command.

Route print

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Also, we can view the persistent routes in a Windows OS by checking the following registry path. Look for the entries in this area before or after modifying any routing table entries.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE->SYSTEM->CurrentControlSet-> Services->Tcpip->Parameters->PersistentRoutes

Route Delete on Windows 11/10 & Windows 2022/2019/2016 Servers

The below command is to delete an existing persistent route from a computer. Even though we added a route entry with the network, network mask and gateway, but to delete, we need to mention the network only. So, it goes like this;

route delete 10.10.10.0

That will delete the 10.10.10.0 route entry from the computer. You do not need to restart the computer to take effect. Adding and deleteting route entries take effect instantly.

Let’s say that after the recent network change, now the network 10.10.10.0 should be routed through the 10.10.29.200 gateway. Obviously, you have to modify the existing route for this network and change the gateway to 10.10.29.200.

So, how to modify the existing route entry? You can’t modify an existing entry.

The simple method is to delete it and add the new entry. So, in this case, you would perform the below commands.

Route delete 10.10.10.0

Route add –p 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0 10.10.29.200

We hope this simple guide is helpful in understanding the route add, delete and print commands in Windows 10/Windows 11 client PC and other server Operating Systems. Make sure you open the command prompt or PowerShell as Administrator to perform these commands. If you want to use cosmetic variables to identify the fast hops to reach a network, you can use the metric key as described at the Microsoft site here.

Static routes define fixed paths for network traffic that would otherwise have their path calculated automatically. This guide explains static routes, why you would use them, and provides step-by-step instructions showing how to add and remove static routes on Windows. It also looks at adding persistent routes and other tips for network management on Windows.

What are static routes?

In computer networking, a “route” is the path network packets take to reach their destination. Data from your computer is broken into small packets for transfer over the local network (for example, between your computer and wireless printer), or for transmission over the internet (such as when you submit an online form). Network routing then takes care of making sure all of these packets reach their destination where they can be re-assembled into the original complete message.

Computer networks are designed in this way so that if there’s a disruption somewhere in the network, packets can be re-routed through a different connection. When there is no disruption, routing protocols can optimize for efficiency, sending data through different paths simultaneously to improve speed.

The key components in network routing are:

• Routing table: This is where each device (including your Windows PC) stores the information about the routes to different destinations.
• Next hop: Most network routes need to cover large distances over complex networks. The “next hop” is the next stop along the path to the destination (for example, there is a hop between your PC and a wireless printer — packets need to go first to your Wi-Fi router, then your printer).
• Routing protocols and metrics: Routing protocols are the software that is used by network devices to keep routing tables up-to-date with the latest paths data should take. This is done based on the number of hops, bandwidth, and/or latency.

Usually, routes are automatically calculated by the routing protocol and stored in a routing table based on routing metrics. These dynamic routes change based on network conditions. The default route can be set for all traffic with no route otherwise assigned in the routing table.

Static routes can be manually configured in a devices routing table, to set fixed paths traffic should take instead of dynamic routes or the default route. If this route is broken, traffic will not be able to reach the destination and a dynamic alternate route will not be calculated.

Why do you need to use static routes?

In some situations, the dynamic route is not the route you want specific traffic to take. You may want to take a known optimal route or send traffic along a secure connection. Example use-cases for static routes include:

• Sending traffic via a known reliable route that avoids faulty networking conditions that are outside your control or that fully utilizes a better connection for optimization.
• Building efficient networks using low-power devices that do not need to run routing protocols.
• Maintaining full control over the path network traffic takes for optimization or to ensure protected data only travels over your secure network infrastructure.
• Ensuring network traffic takes a predictable path for troubleshooting or easier management.
• Adding redundancy and resiliency to your networks by providing a known alternative path as a fallback to dynamic routes.

Static routes are frequently used to ensure certain traffic is sent over a VPN connection. This can be important when you handle sensitive data that you do not want routed over the internet. While static routes are usually not required for day-to-day tasks on home Windows PCs, there are situations where they are added for troubleshooting or to set up remote networks for work-from-home setups.

IP addresses and network masks

Route tables use the IPV4 or IPV6 IP address of the destination and hops to identify routes. You’ll need a basic understanding of IP addresses and network masks to write effective static routes.

How to use the route command for Windows

The route command is built-in to Windows and lets you view currently set static routes, as well as adding, removing, and editing them. The route command is available in all versions of Windows including Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows Server. The route command can be run from either the Command Prompt or PowerShell, and needs to be run as an administrator.

To open PowerShell or the Command Prompt to use the route command, right-click on the Start menu, and then:

• Click Terminal (Admin) if you’re using Windows 11
• Click Command Prompt (Admin) if you’re using Windows 10

How to list static routes on Windows

To list the existing static routes, enter the following command:

route print

This will output the current route table, showing all the currently configured static routes. You can use this command to verify that you’ve successfully added, removed, or edited a static route.

How to add a static route on Windows

The below example route command adds a static route:

route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 192.168.77.1

The command is constructed as follows:

• The route executable is called.
• The add command tells it to add a static route to the routing table.
• The first 0.0.0.0 is the destination network. In this case, 0.0.0.0 matches all networks.
• The second 0.0.0.0 specifies the subnet mask this static route should apply to, in this case again matching all subnets.
• 192.168.77.1 specifies the gateway address. This is the next hop through which all matching traffic will be sent.

This static route sends all network traffic to 192.168.77.1, effectively adding a default route.

The next example adds a route to a specific network:

route add 192.168.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.77.1

The command differs from the previous example:

• 192.168.10.0 is the destination network.
• 255.255.255.0 specifies the subnet mask this static route should apply to, in this case matching all addresses in the 192.168.10.0 subnet.
• 192.168.77.1 specifies the gateway address. This is the next hop through which all matching traffic will be sent.

In effect, this static route sends traffic destined for the 192.168.10.0 network to 192.168.77.1.

How to remove a static route on Windows

To delete a static route, use the route delete command, and match the details with the static route you wish to delete.

route delete 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 192.168.77.1

The above command deletes the static route created in the previous step.

How to remove all static routes on Windows

To delete all static routes on Windows, use the command:

route -f 

Make a static route permanent/persistent on Windows

Static routes will be cleared from the route table on Windows when you reboot. To make a persistent route — one that is permanent and will survive a reboot — add the -p parameter to your route add command:

route -p add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 192.168.77.1

Troubleshooting and best practices for managing static routes

If you are manually managing static routes on Windows machines, you should document which routes are set on which machines to avoid a forgotten static route, causing a troubleshooting issue.

You should also regularly review which static routes are set (this can be done using the route print command in Windows), and remove ones that are no longer required. Network monitoring solutions will assist with identifying network changes and broken routes that may need to be addressed.

If you are working in an enterprise environment with multiple devices that all require the same static routes, you should implement them at the network level rather than per device.

Windows route management tools

In addition to the route command that is built into Windows, you can use the following tools to manage routes and perform other networking tasks on Windows:

• NetRouteView is a free routing utility for Windows that provides a graphical interface for viewing, adding, and modifying static routes.
• Angry IP Scanner and Advanced IP Scanner can help you find and identify devices on your local network, and manage static routes on connected Windows devices by executing remote commands or scripts.

Managing large Windows networks efficiently

If you need to manage static routes on a fleet of Windows devices, either on a single network or in bring-your-own-device (BYOD) scenarios with traveling or remote employees, you shouldn’t rely on manually adding static routes and other network configurations to individual devices.

The NinjaOne remote management and monitoring platform (RMM) helps you secure, manage, and monitor Windows devices at scale, ensuring that they are all correctly configured. This allows you to deploy updated networking and security policies from a centralized interface, removing the time-consuming tasks of updating, cataloging, and enforcing static routes and other policies.