Color text python windows

Цветной вывод текста в Python

Всем привет сегодня я хотел рассказать вам «Как сделать цветной вывод текста в Python?» это даже может сделать не опытный человек не имея каких-то знаний. Поэтому если вам интересно то продолжайте читать и тогда все поймете.

C помощью встроенных средств языка

На Python с помощью ANSI-код можно делать цвет, фон и т.д. Это очень мощный и удобный инструмент, с его помощью программист может напрямую определять цвет текста. ANSI коды работают на большинстве дистрибутивов Linux, но не поддерживаются консолью операционной системы Windows до Windows 10.

Изменять цвет текста с помощью ANSI кодов можно разными способами, например, использоваться функции или даже написать свой класс-обёртку для ANSI.

Использовать ANSI коды просто, для этого нужно знать базовый синтаксис и сами коды. Разбор на примере кода «\033[31m\033[43m»:

• «033[» — обозначение того, что дальше идет какой-то управляющий цветом код.

• 37m — это код цвета а именно красный.

• 43m — это код цвет фона для текста.

Именно через этот ANSI-код мы можем делать текст разноцветным, не забывайте ставить "" иначе будет ошибка.

Давайте сделаем вывод текста на консоле через функции.

def out_red(text):
    print("\033[34m{}".format(text))
out_red("ПРИВЕТ")

Через print() мы задали цвет текста «ПРИВЕТ» синим цветом. Также можно добавить фон и стиль текста все в одну строку.

print("\033[3m\033[33m\033[41m{}\033[0m".format("Htua_0111100000"))

• \033[3m — отвечает за стилб текста в данном случае это курсив.

• \033[33m — отвечает за цвет текста.

• \033[41m — отвечает за цвет фона.

• {} — заменит на «Htua_0111100000»

• \033[0m — отвечает за сброс к начальным значениям.

Вобщем вот целая таблица с кодами цвета, фона и стилей.

Цветной вывод текста в Python через библиотеку Colorama

Этой библиотекой тоже можно сделать цветной текст. Достаточно просто знать код и все. Для того чтобы начать работать нужно просто установить библиотеку pip install colorama потом можно начать работать с этой библиотекой. Создайте файл colorama.py и можно приступать к написанию кода.

from colorama import init, Fore
from colorama import Back
from colorama import Style

init(autoreset=True)

print(Fore.BLUE + 'some red text')
print(Back.WHITE + 'and with a green background')
print(Style.BRIGHT + 'and in dim text')
print(Style.RESET_ALL)
print('back to normal now')

1. Cначала импортируем init, Back, Style то есть все необходимые нам функции для вывода текста на консоль.

2. Стоит обратить внимание на функцию init. Если её забыть запустить, то не будет поддерживаться вывод на Windows 10.

3. print(Fore.BLUE + 'some red text') — это задает цвет текста также вы можете поменять на красный (RED) или зеленный (GREEN) и т.д.

4. print(Back.WHITE + 'and with a green background') — это задает фон текста

5. print(Style.BRIGHT + 'and in dim text') — стиль текста

6. print(Style.RESET_ALL) — сброс всех стилей

7. print('back to normal now') — обычный текст

Картинка с сайта: habr.com

Цветной текст через библиотеку termcolor

Это тоже вторая библиотека отвечающее за цвет фон и так далее. pip install termcolor

from termcolor import colored, cprint
print(colored('Привет мир!', 'red', attrs=['underline']))
print('Привет, я люблю тебя!')
cprint('Вывод с помощью cprint', 'green', 'on_blue')

Импортируем colored и cprint, и пишем print(colored('Привет мир!', 'red', attrs=['underline'])) тут вобще намного легче чем предыдущая attrs = [‘underline’] задает стиль текста. Следущее сpint('Вывод с помощью cprint', 'green', 'on_blue') — это функция отвечает за цвет текста и фон.сpint('Ваш любимый текст', 'цвет текста', 'фон текста')

Картинка с сайта: habr.com

Вывод

В общем, благодаря ANSI-кодом, библиотека colorama и termcolor можно создавать ваши любимые тексты, кстати можно с этой темой можно создавать мини викторины или что то другое. Я надеюсь на то что вам понравилось эта статья и надеюсь в будущем я продолжу писать все больше и больше статей на разные темы. Спасибо за внимание!

Last Updated :
27 Jun, 2022

In this article, we will cover how to print colored text in Python using several methods to output colored text to the terminal in Python. 

The most common ways to do this are using:

• Using colorama Module
• Using termcolor Module
• Using ANSI Code in Python

Method 1: Print Color Text using colorama Module

Colorama module is a Cross-platform printing of colored text can then be done using Colorama’s constant shorthand for ANSI escape sequences: 

Example 1:  Python program to print red text with green background.

Python3

from colorama import Fore, Back, Style
print(Fore.RED + 'some red text')
print(Back.GREEN + 'and with a green background')
print(Style.DIM + 'and in dim text')
print(Style.RESET_ALL)
print('back to normal now')

Output: 

Картинка с сайта: www.geeksforgeeks.org

Example 2: Python program to print green text with red background.

Python3

from colorama import init
from termcolor import colored

init()

print(colored('Hello, World!', 'green', 'on_red'))

Output: 

Картинка с сайта: www.geeksforgeeks.org

Method 2: Print Color Text using termcolor Module

termcolor module is a python module for ANSII Color formatting for output in the terminal. 

Example: Python program to print colored text and background.

Python3

import sys
from termcolor import colored, cprint

text = colored('Hello, World!', 'red', attrs=['reverse', 'blink'])
print(text)
cprint('Hello, World!', 'green', 'on_red')


def print_red_on_cyan(x): return cprint(x, 'red', 'on_cyan')


print_red_on_cyan('Hello, World!')
print_red_on_cyan('Hello, Universe!')

for i in range(10):
    cprint(i, 'magenta', end=' ')

cprint("Attention!", 'red', attrs=['bold'], file=sys.stderr)

Output: 

Картинка с сайта: www.geeksforgeeks.org

Method 3: Print Color Text using ANSI Code in Python

The most common way to print colored text is by printing ANSI escape sequences directly. This can be delivered in different formats such as: 

Example 1: Build Functions to call 

We can build functions to call particular color named functions to execute the relevant ANSI Escape Sequence. The below is Python program to print colored text and background

Python3

def prRed(skk): print("\033[91m {}\033[00m" .format(skk))


def prGreen(skk): print("\033[92m {}\033[00m" .format(skk))


def prYellow(skk): print("\033[93m {}\033[00m" .format(skk))


def prLightPurple(skk): print("\033[94m {}\033[00m" .format(skk))


def prPurple(skk): print("\033[95m {}\033[00m" .format(skk))


def prCyan(skk): print("\033[96m {}\033[00m" .format(skk))


def prLightGray(skk): print("\033[97m {}\033[00m" .format(skk))


def prBlack(skk): print("\033[98m {}\033[00m" .format(skk))


prCyan("Hello World, ")
prYellow("It's")
prGreen("Geeks")
prRed("For")
prGreen("Geeks")

Output: 

Картинка с сайта: www.geeksforgeeks.org

Example 2: Build a class of colors

Create a class to allot background and foreground colors and call them. The below is Python program to print colored text and background.

Python3

class colors:


'''Colors class:reset all colors with colors.reset; two
sub classes fg for foreground
and bg for background; use as colors.subclass.colorname.
i.e. colors.fg.red or colors.bg.greenalso, the generic bold, disable,
underline, reverse, strike through,
and invisible work with the main class i.e. colors.bold'''
reset = '\033[0m'
bold = '\033[01m'
disable = '\033[02m'
underline = '\033[04m'
reverse = '\033[07m'
 strikethrough = '\033[09m'
  invisible = '\033[08m'

   class fg:
        black = '\033[30m'
        red = '\033[31m'
        green = '\033[32m'
        orange = '\033[33m'
        blue = '\033[34m'
        purple = '\033[35m'
        cyan = '\033[36m'
        lightgrey = '\033[37m'
        darkgrey = '\033[90m'
        lightred = '\033[91m'
        lightgreen = '\033[92m'
        yellow = '\033[93m'
        lightblue = '\033[94m'
        pink = '\033[95m'
        lightcyan = '\033[96m'

    class bg:
        black = '\033[40m'
        red = '\033[41m'
        green = '\033[42m'
        orange = '\033[43m'
        blue = '\033[44m'
        purple = '\033[45m'
        cyan = '\033[46m'
        lightgrey = '\033[47m'

print(colors.bg.green, "SKk", colors.fg.red, "Amartya")
print(colors.bg.lightgrey, "SKk", colors.fg.red, "Amartya")

Output: 

Картинка с сайта: www.geeksforgeeks.org

Example 3: Iterating functions

We can design iterating & self-generating ANSI Escape sequence, functions. The below is Python program to print colored text and background

Python3

def print_format_table():
    """
    prints table of formatted text format options
    """
    for style in range(8):
        for fg in range(30, 38):
            s1 = ''
            for bg in range(40, 48):
                format = ';'.join([str(style), str(fg), str(bg)])
                s1 += '\x1b[%sm %s \x1b[0m' % (format, format)
            print(s1)
        print('\n')


print_format_table()

Output: 

Картинка с сайта: www.geeksforgeeks.org

Introduction

If you’ve ever worked with some fany command-line tools, you might have seen some colored
text in there — maybe for a warning or error message or somesuch. It certainly can help
in reading comprehension in some situations, so how can we do it in Python?

Specifically, Python 3.8.5 on a Windows 10 machine.

Coloring Terminal Text in Python

The library that is recommended (especially for cross-platform use) is Colorama. This StackOverflow answer suggested its use.

Installing Colorama

Colorama didn’t come pre-installed, but pip saved me:

C:\Users\sfrieder>pip3 install colorama
Collecting colorama
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c9/dc/45cdef1b4d119eb96316b3117e6d5708a08029992b2fee2c143c7a0a5cc5/colorama-0.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: colorama
Successfully installed colorama-0.4.3

Coloring ‘print’ Statements Example

This Python 3 snippet will color text for you:

import colorama

colorama.init()

print(colorama.Fore.RED + "This is red text")
print("This is still red text")
print(colorama.Style.RESET_ALL) #This prints a newline FYI!
print("Now this is normal text")
print(colorama.Back.GREEN + "Now the background of this text is green")
print(colorama.Fore.RED + "And the text is red on a green background, this clashes so bad!")
print(colorama.Style.DIM + "It's now also... dimmed? What's that?")
print(colorama.Style.RESET_ALL)
print("Thank goodness, back to normal")

And it produces this output:

This is red text
This is still red text

Now this is normal text
Now the background of this text is green
And the text is red on a green background, this clashes so bad!
It's now also... dimmed? What's that?

Thank goodness, back to normal

Eh… trust me. It’s colored. I cannot figure out how to get that to come through here, but it is I swear!

Coloring ‘input’ Statements Example

If you do something like this:

import colorama

colorama.init()
answer=input(colorama.Fore.RED + "This is a dire question, so it is colored red. What is your name?" + colorama.Style.RESET_ALL)

You do NOT get a red colored question prompt. You get gobbledy-gook at the front and end of the line, but no colors.

The question is, how do you fix this?

Someone suggests this fix:

import colorama

colorama.init(convert=True)
answer=input(colorama.Fore.RED + "This is a dire question, so it is colored red. What is your quest?" + colorama.Style.RESET_ALL)

Sadly, this does not work.

This SO answer suggests a truly confounding fix:

import colorama
import sphinx.quickstart

colorama.init()
answer=input(colorama.Fore.RED + "This is a dire question, so it is colored red. What is your favorite color?" + colorama.Style.RESET_ALL)

I had to install sphinx with pip to even get it to run. It installed a LOT of stuff. Once that was done, the result was…

That it still couldn’t find sphinx.quickstart.

Grumble grumble….

Okay, we can try something else:

import colorama
import sphinx.quickstart

colorama.init()
print(colorama.Fore.RED, end='')
answer=input(This is a dire question, so it is colored red. What is the air speed velocity of an unladen swallow?" )
print(colorama.Style.RESET_ALL, end='')

And THAT has the intended effect!

What a silly workaround.

Resources

• Colorama
• StackOverflow Answer for print statements
• StackOverflow Question for ‘input’ not working with colors

Overview

• Introduction
• Color text with ANSI escape characters
• Install colorama
• Clear the screen
• Change text style
• Turn on auto-reset
• Colorama alternatives
• Conclusion
• Reference links

Introduction

This tutorial covers how to use standard ANSI escape codes to colorize and style terminal output. We’ll cover the basics of escape characters, using them to clear the screen and set foreground and background colors, and how to get them working in Windows using the colorama package.

If you write an application that supports color, keep in mind that not every terminal supports the color characters. Consider adding an option with your program to toggle color output on or off, otherwise people who have no color will see all the escape characters and the output will be ugly and hard to read.

In Windows 10, some color escape codes are supported without any special configuration. Read more at MSDN Console Virtual Terminal Sequences. It is not full curses support but some colors and cursor control abilities work.

Color text with ANSI escape characters

You can manually colorizing output by using escape characters. This is quite tedious and ugly, but possible. The big catch here is that these ANSI escape characters don’t work in Windows. Don’t worry though, we’ll cover how to get them working in Windows below!. This will work on ANSI consoles like Linux shells, but not in Windows. Windows has their own escape characters. Here are some simple examples to show how the escape characters can be used with the print() function in Python.

# In Python, print red text using ANSI escape codes
# Doesn't work well in Windows though
print('\033[2J')  # Clear screen
print('\033[31m' + 'Hello' + '\033[0m')  # Red text
The \033 is how the escape character is represented in Python, which is then followed by a special code. The 033 is the octal value of the escape character code, 27. Sometimes it is represented as \x1b which is the hexadecimal equivalent for 27. In the bash shell, you might see the escape character represented by \e in codes that look like \e[31m. You may have seen these codes if you have ever tried to customize your PS1 prompt shell in bash. The \033 just designated that the values coming directly after it are special characters meant to be interpeted by the terminal. We typically pass color codes right after the escape character to change the color text being output, but there are also special characters to clear the screen or move the cursor.
The [31m part of \033[31m means «red foreground mode». All escape codes start with a an open bracket [ but not all of them end with an m. For example, [2J is the code to clear the screen and [3D will move the cursor back 3 characters. The m in [31m is because we are toggling graphics mode 31 (red foreground).
You can try these yourself and see how they works. Your results may vary. Since this is unreliable, we’ll look at the colorama Python package which has a bunch of shortcuts for these hard-to-remember codes, and also enables these ANSI codes on Windows, making colorized code more portable.
Install colorama package
The colorama package will abstract away the Windows specific stuff and let you use regular ANSI color codes. It also provides convenient Python utilities for coloring text in an easy way that works across all platforms.
pyhon -m pip install colorama
Clear the screen
Once you initialize colorama you can start passing ANSI codes. You can manually print out the escape character \033 followed by the code for clear screen which is [2J and it will clear the screen. Colorama also provides a convenience function that will return the value you need to print to clear the screen. The example below shows both options.
import colorama
colorama.init()
# Print the clear screen code '\033[2J'
print('\033[2J')
# Or use the colorama provided function which
# returns an equivalent value '\x1b[2J'
print(colorama.ansi.clear_screen())
Change text style
After installing the colorama package, you can use it inside your Python programs like this:
import colorama
# If using Windows, init() will cause anything sent to stdout or stderr
# will have ANSI color codes converted to the Windows versions. Hooray!
# If you are already using an ANSI compliant shell, it won't do anything
colorama.init()
# Now regular ANSI codes should work, even in Windows
CLEAR_SCREEN = '\033[2J'
RED = '\033[31m'   # mode 31 = red forground
RESET = '\033[0m'  # mode 0  = reset
print(CLEAR_SCREEN + RED + 'Welcome!' + RESET)
The example above shows how to import colorama and initialize it. Initializing it will add a filter on stdout and stderr which causes any ANSI escape characters be converted to the Windows equivalent. This is neat because it will also work if you have aother packages or code that outputs typical ANSI color characters. The author of colorama mentions termcolor as an option that you can use in tandem with colorama.
Colorama does provide a better way to output colors though. You don’t need to use the ugly escape characters manually. It has some named values for the colors and styles. The example below shows how to use the friendly shortcuts provided by colorama to change text style.
import colorama
from colorama import Fore, Back, Style
colorama.init()
# Set the color semi-permanently
print(Fore.CYAN)
print("Text will continue to be cyan")
print("until it is reset or changed")
print(Style.RESET_ALL)
# Colorize a single line and then reset
print(Fore.RED + 'You can colorize a single line.' + Style.RESET_ALL)
# Colorize a single word in the output
print('Or a single ' + Back.GREEN + 'words' + Style.RESET_ALL + ' can be highlighted')
# Combine foreground and background color
print(Fore.BLUE + Back.WHITE)
print('Foreground, background, and styles can be combined')
print("==========            ")
print(Style.RESET_ALL)
print('If unsure, reset everything back to normal.')
For a full list of foreground, background, and style options, refer to the official colorama GitHub page. Here’s a quick list:
Fore: BLACK, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, MAGENTA, CYAN, WHITE, RESET.
Back: BLACK, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, MAGENTA, CYAN, WHITE, RESET.
Style: DIM, NORMAL, BRIGHT, RESET_ALL

Note that not all of them may be supported by all terminals. For example Windows does not support dim. For a full list of the codes, check out ANSI escape code list. On that Wikipedia page it is the «SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) parameters» section that I linked to. Code 0 should look familiar, it is the reset value. 30-37 will set a foreground color, 40-47 will set background color. Not every code is supported by every terminal, and note every code is handled by colorama’s Windows converter.
Turn on auto-reset
If you don’t want to print Style.RESET_ALL all the time, you can have it reset automatically after each print statement.
import colorama
from colorama import Fore, Back
colorama.init(autoreset=True)
# Automatically adds a Style.RESET_ALL after each print statement
print(Fore.RED + 'Red foreground text')
print(Back.RED + 'Red background text')
print("Some plain text")
Colorama alternatives
Since colorama just takes advantage of ANSI standard escape characters, any other library that makes use of this standard can be used. These are not strictly replacements or alternatives because many of them can be used in tandem with colorama since colorama’s main purpose is to convert the ANSI codes in to proper Window’s equivalents enabling all the typical terminal control utilities. Here are some links to other resources you might find useful:

termcolor package
Blessings package
Urwid website
Curtsies
Curses Programming with Python
Curses in Windows with Python

Conclusion
After reading this you should understand how basic ANSI escape codes are used to change the color of text in the terminal. You should also know how to get it working in Windows. You should be able to clear the screen, change forground and background color, and reset the styles of text. To take it further, you can look in to the curses library which will allow you to control the screen even more. If you want to learn more about how the terminal works, you can check out this good PyCon talk: Thomas Ballinger — Terminal whispering — PyCon 2015.
Reference links

MSDN Console Virtual Terminal Sequences
Curses Programming with Python
colorama on PyPI.org
colorama GitHub page
Curses Programming with Python (Official docs)
Curses in Windows
ANSI escape code list
Thomas Ballinger — Terminal whispering — PyCon 2015
Curtsies
termcolor package
Blessings package
Urwid website